Kwintsimi yemeteorology yezityalo imigangatho yobushushu Ukwahlula amaqela ahlukeneyo achazwe ngobude entabeni apho kukho umahluko kubushushu nakwezinye izinto zemozulu. Isimo sezulu esigqibayo kukuphakama ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kwaye eyona nto iphambili kwimozulu echaphazeleka sesi simo sengqondo bubushushu.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu kunye nokubaluleka kwemigangatho ye-thermal.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Imigangatho yodongwe ichazwa njengokwahluka kwemozulu okwenzeka kwiindawo zeentaba. Uncedo lukwachaphazela nemvula, kuba umoya ogcwele ukufuma ungqubana neentaba kwaye udla ngokunyuka. Imigangatho ye-Thermal ihlala ixabiseka ngakumbi kummandla weetropicalNgelixa kwimimandla enemozulu epholileyo ayichazwanga kakuhle. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubushushu kwimimandla enemozulu epholileyo kunye nengqele zichaphazeleka ngakumbi ngumahluko wonyaka kwimitha yelanga.
Ukuba sihlalutya umxholo, siyabona ukuba kukho iiyantlukwano ezahlukeneyo kubude kwaye zezona zichaza umahluko obonakalayo kubushushu. Yile ndlela ubuncinci imigangatho ye-thermal esekwe ngayo, owona mgangatho usezantsi ngowomgangatho ofudumeleyo kwaye emva koko ubushushu, kubanda, yimoor kunye nomgangatho obandayo. Ngomgangatho ngamnye wemigangatho, ukuphakama kokuhluka kobude beqondo lobushushu kumiselwe, kunye nezinye izinto ezinxulumene noko.
Umahluko wemigangatho yokufudumeza uvela ngokusisiseko kuluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu abekwe ngokucacileyo kwindawo yetropical. Kummandla ofudumeleyo, amaqondo obushushu ayancipha ngokunyuka, kodwa ayisiyiyo loo nto. Kungenxa yokuba kwimimandla eshushu kukho ezinye izinto ezimisela ngakumbi, ezinje ngobubanzi. Ububanzi yenye yezinto eziguquguqukayo ezichaphazeleka yimitha yelanga eziyifumanayo ngokuxhomekeke kukuqhelaniswa kwethambeka. Kwinxalenye yetropiki phantse yingxelo yelanga efikayo kunye neziganeko zemimoya kunye nemvula.
Imigangatho yeThermal, ubushushu kunye nokuphakama
Ubushushu kunye nobubanzi zezona zinto ziphambili ezichaza imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yobushushu. Umoya uyatshisa ngenxa yokonyulwa kwakhona okufikelela emhlabeni kwaye umoya oshushu unciphisa ubungqongqo, ke ngoko, xa ukhaphukhaphu, uhlala unyuka. Iqondo lobushushu eliqhelekileyo lihlala lincipha phakathi kwe-0.65 kunye ne-1 degrees kwiimitha ezili-100 zonke ezonyukayo.
Intaba kunye nokuphakama kwentaba nganye kuchaphazela nolawulo lomoya kunye nemvula. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba intaba iyangenelela kwindlela yomoya ogcwele ukufuma, inyuka ize iphele iyeza kweyona ndawo iphezulu yentaba. Ukuba ukuphakama kwentaba kuphezulu, umoya uyaphola kwaye ukufuma kuyadibana kubude bokubangela imvula. Kwiintaba eziphakamileyo, ukutya okuqhelekileyo kwakulawula ukukhupha ukufuma kwindawo enomoya kwaye kwithambeka leeward kuhlala kuyoma.
Ubude bume bendawo ngokubhekisele kwi-Equator kwaye ichaphazela imigangatho ye-thermal kwimeko ye-radiation yelanga unyaka wonke. Ukusuka kububanzi sifumanisa ukuba indlela imitha yelanga echaphazela ngayo umcu weetropti iyalingana. Ayinamsebenzi nokuba ijonge kweliphi ilanga, kuba indawo yetropiki ihlala ifumana imitha yayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinokuthi, kwiindawo eziphezulu, oku akwenzeki. Kungenxa yotyekelo lomhlaba apho imitha yelanga ibetha khona Ngendlela ethambekileyo kunye nokuphakama ayitshintshi kakhulu iqondo lobushushu, kuba kuncinci kwimitha yelanga.
Iindidi zemigangatho yokufudumeza
Kukho malunga ne-5-6 yeentlobo zemigangatho ye-thermal kwindawo ye-intertropical. Umahluko osisiseko sale migangatho kubushushu. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo:
Umgangatho oshushu oshushu
Yenye ebonisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kuluhlu lwe Iidigri ezingama-28 ngokomndilili kumda ophantsi kunye nee-24 degrees ukuphakama kweemitha ezingama-900-1000 ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle. Kulo mgangatho wobushushu kuveliswa indalo yamahlathi ashinyeneyo, amahlathi agqagqeneyo, iisavana kunye nezinye zeendawo ezomileyo nezomileyo zomhlaba. Kwindawo engezantsi yemimandla ebekwe e-Ecuador, isixa esikhulu semvula sifunyenwe ngenxa yenkomfa yemimoya efumileyo evela kuzo zombini iihemispheres.
Umgangatho wangaphambili we-thermal
Kukwaziwa ngegama lomgangatho ofudumeleyo kubandakanya iindawo ezikhoyo phakathi kweemitha ezingama-900-1700 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Ifikelela kubushushu obuphakathi be-18-24 degrees. Nanga amahlathi asezantsi entaba kunye nemvula ye-orographic eyenzekayo. Le mvula ibangelwa zezi zinyuka zomoya ezixineneyo zenze amafu kwaye zivelise imvula.
Umgangatho wobushushu obushushu
Kukwaziwa ngegama le-mesothermal. Iindawo ze phakathi kwe-1000-2000 yeemitha ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle. Ubushushu bayo obuqhelekileyo bujikeleze i-15-18 degrees, ukufikelela kuma-24 degrees kwezinye iindawo. Kule mimandla ihlathi eliphakamileyo lehlathi lenziwa kwaye kwiindawo ezitshisayo zihlathi lamahlathi. Kukho into eyenzekayo yemvula ye-orographic kwimvula ethe tye.
Umgangatho obandayo wobushushu
Kukwaziwa njengegama le-microthermal. Umgangatho apho amaqondo obushushu asezantsi akhokele, ngokomyinge malunga ne-15-17 ukuya kwi-8 degrees. Zihlala ziphakame phakathi kweemitha ezingama-2000-3400 ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle. Apha kufikelelwe umda wemithi, ke ukuphakama okuphezulu kolu hlobo lobomi. Kuphela zizilwanyana eziqhele le meko ukuba zinokuphuhla.
Umgangatho womgangatho
Ngulo mzobo oshushu ophakathi 3400-3800 yeemitha ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lolwandle kunye namaqondo obushushu ehla ukusuka kwi-12-8 ukuya kwi-0 degrees. Amaqondo obushushu asebusuku afikelela kwinqanaba lokubanda kwaye ade abonise imvula ngekhephu. Kwezinye iimeko kubakho imvula eyaneleyo, kodwa ubukhulu becala ubukho bamanzi ngumda.
Ihlala isenzeka ikakhulu kwezona ndawo ziphakamileyo nezomileyo okoko imimoya efikayo ikhuphe konke ukufuma kwayo endleleni.
Umgangatho wecycy
Ihlala iphakathi kwe-4.000-4.800 yeemitha ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle kwaye iyahambelana nomda wekhephu elingapheliyo. Apha imvula ikwimo yekhephu kwaye amaqondo obushushu asezantsi athintela ukunyibilika kwabo, konakalisa ummandla welanga ngobuninzi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nemigangatho ye-thermal kunye neempawu zazo.