Un imeteotsunami Yinto eyenzekayo yemozulu ebandakanya uthotho lwamaza onakalisayo olwandle anezikali zexeshana kunye nesithuba njengetsunami eqhelekileyo, kodwa ezinomahluko oliqela. Ngelixa iitsunami eziqhelekileyo zivela kwinyikima, iitsunami zemeteorological azikho, oko kukuthi, azibangelwa ziinyikima zangaphantsi kwamanzi, ukuqengqeleka kolwandle, okanye impembelelo yeemeteorites elwandle.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni i-meteotsunami, zeziphi iimpawu zayo kunye nemiphumo yayo.
Yintoni imeteotsunami
I-Meteotsunamis ibangelwa utshintsho olukhawulezayo kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric, olufana neengqungquthela ezibandayo ezivela kwiindudumo ezinzima okanye imigca ye-squall, ethi zidityaniswe nesantya, ubunzima kunye nokuqina kwamaza.
Indibaniselwano yezi ziganeko ivelisa amaza agxininiswe njengoko efika emhlabeni, kodwa izehlo zawo elunxwemeni zixhomekeke kwiimpawu zeshelufu yelizwekazi. Ubunzulu bobunzulu okanye amazibuko amade amxinwa abonelela ngesandi esongezelelekileyo kwaye ke achaphazeleka kakhulu.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-meteorological tsunami kunye nokuza kwesiphango kukuba kunzima ukuqikelela. Ezi zinokunyamalala ukuvelisa amaza aphakathi okanye ukukhukulisa iindawo eziselunxwemeni ezinomthamo omkhulu wamanzi.
Kwiziqithi zeMeditera yaseSpeyin, iimeteotsunami zibizwa ngokuba yirissaga. Kwilizwe laseSpain ziirissagues, marubbio eSicily, abiki eJapan kunye neseebär kwiBaltic.
Eyona meteotsunami eyomeleleyo erekhodiweyo
Eyona meteotsunami inamandla ukuza kuthi ga ngoku yenzeke eCroatia ngoJuni 21, 1978. Betha unxweme lwaseVela Luka kwisiqithi saseKorčula ngamaza angama-60 emitha. Amaza afika aza ahamba iiyure ezininzi, eqala nge-5:30 kusasa. Yahlasela izibuko yaza yangena esixekweni malunga neemitha ezingama-650 ukusuka elunxwemeni, yatshabalalisa yonke into esendleleni yayo. Nangona kunjalo, le nto ayiyona nje indawo yendawo, kodwa ichaphazela iindawo ezinkulu kumzantsi-ophakathi kweAdriatic, phakathi kweCroatia neMontenegro, naphakathi kweGiulianova neBari eItali.
Ngo-2008, i<em>meteotsunami eyayiziimitha ezingama-36 ukuphakama yantlitha izibuko laseBoothbay, eMaine, eUnited States. Ngowe-1929, iNagasaki Bay yonakaliswa yi-abiki, kwaye ngowe-1979 amaza afikelela kwiimitha ezi-1984 ayenzeka kwiiBalearic Islands. Ezinye iimeteotsunami zabonwa kunxweme lwaseChicago ngo-1954, ePune ngo-2009, nakwiChesapeake Bay kunxweme olusempuma yeUnited States ngo-2012.
Rissagas eYurophu
Njengoko kulindelekile, le nto iyamangalisa kakhulu, kwaye kwenziwa iinzame zokufumana unobangela wemvelaphi yayo. Le nto ibisaziwa kudala, ingakumbi eCiutadella. Kukho iimbekiselo ezithile zokwaphuka kweenqanawa kwizibuko laseCiutadella ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu. Ngawo onke la maza anobukhulu obungaqhelekanga kwaye enzeka ngexeshana elifutshane.
Into eqhelekileyo kukuba ubukhulu bamaza e-astronomical athathela ingqalelo uLwandle lweMeditera luhlala lujikeleze i-20 centimeters kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Le yinto ephantse ingabonakali ngeliso lenyama. Nangona kunjalo, i-rissagas ivelise i-amplitudes engaphezulu kweemitha ezi-2 ubude kwimizuzu nje ye-10.
Imvelaphi ye-rissagas yayingaziwa kude kube kutshanje, xa kwaziwa ngakumbi malunga nemozulu kunye nendima yamaza. Kucingelwa ukuba imvelaphi yee<em>rissagas isenokuba yinzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi. Oku kuthetha ukuba inohlobo lokusebenza olufana nolo lwamaza. Kukwacingelwa ukuba inokuba nemvelaphi yenyikima. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yamaza ahlukeneyo aveliswa ziinyikima ezingaphantsi kolwandle, athi akhuliswe xa efika kwizibuko. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezi ngcinga zanele ukucacisa lo mcimbi. Ubuncinci ingcaciso yeyokuba le nto yayixhaphake kakhulu kwesi sitiya seziqhamo hayi kwezinye iibhoma.
Oyena nobangela wawungaziwa de kwangowe-1934, emva kwezifundo ezininzi zokuguquguquka okungaqhelekanga kwinqanaba lolwandle. Uphando lubonisa ukuba unobangela we-rissagas ngumoya. Ukuguquguquka okukhulu ngesiquphe kumphakamo wolwandle kunxulunyaniswa nokunye ukuguquguquka okukhawulezileyo kuxinzelelo lomoya. Thatha iCiutadella kwiiBalearic Islands, okusisiphumo sokusebenzisana kweatmosfera nolwandle. Abanye ababhali bakholelwa ukuba i-rissaga yingcamango evela kwimiphumo yamaza obunzima owenziwe kwi-troposphere ephakathi. La maza oxhuzulo lwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ukuchetywa komoya kubangwa kukujikeleza koxinzelelo lwe-atmospheri kumphakamo womphezulu.
Imeko ye-atmospheric ye-meteotsunami
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemeko ze-atmospheric ezinokuthi zikhuthaze i-meteotsunami. Iimeko ezi-3 eziphambili ze-atmospheric ezixhasa le nto zezi zilandelayo:
- Kufuneka kubekho imimoya enamandla yasemzantsi-ntshona embindini nakwi-troposphere ephezulu. Le mimoya kufuneka ivuthuze ngaphambi kokuba ichaphazele iintlambo ezinzulu zePeninsula yase-Iberia.
- Kumanqanaba amanzi angaphantsi kwe-1500 yeemitha, kufuneka kubekho ubunzima bomoya obuphezulu obukhokelela ekuguqukeni kobushushu obunamandla phakathi komphakamo wamanzi nomoya ongaphezu komphezulu wolwandle. Umoya womphezulu uya kubanda kunolo.
- Umphezulu kufuneka ube buthathaka ukuya phakathi kwemisinga yasempuma.
Imeko yokugqibela, ukuba sele iqinisekisiwe kutshanje, akuyimfuneko ngokupheleleyo ukuba i-rissagas yenzeke. I-Rissagas evela emazantsi okanye emazantsi-ntshona imimoya ngamanye amaxesha inokubonwa phezulu. Iingcali kwiMeteorology yeMeditera ziye zagqiba kwelokuba ezi meko zilungileyo zomoya werissagas zenzeka ngexesha lobushushu besiqingatha sonyaka. Ngoko ke, ukuphindaphinda okukhulu kwesi siganeko kwenzeka phakathi kuka-Epreli no-Oktobha.
Amaxesha anxulumeneyo
Enye yezinto ezisisiseko ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukuqikelelwa kunye nokubeka iliso kwi-rissagas yimozulu ebonakalisa ezi meko. Ngeentsuku apho i-rissagas isenzeka, isibhakabhaka sihlala sigqunywe ngamafu ashinyeneyo, angacacanga. Njengesiqhelo, Kunqabile ukuba kube namafu ngaphantsi, kodwa isibhakabhaka sibonakala sisigubungele kwaye sityheli ngenxa yenkungu. Kuphuma umsi kuthuli oluvuthela kwilizwekazi laseAfrika. Kwezinye iimeko, amafu ambalwa nje asasazekileyo awabonisi ntshukumo ibalulekileyo eme nkqo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-meteotsunami kunye neempawu zayo.