Okwangoku, kukho ukubaluleka okukhulayo koluntu ngenxa yolwazi lweziganeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neziphumo ezinokubakho kweziganeko zendalo. Icacisiwe ngomdla ngokubanzi kwimicimbi yendalo esingqongileyo. Konke oku kuphelela ekubeni kuthandwe ngenxa yokusasazwa okukhulu kolwazi lwemozulu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa kwihlabathi liphela. Ne isatellite yemeteosat Imifanekiso inokufunyanwa ngeesenzi ezifakwe ngeenkcukacha ezinkulu ezinokusinika isixa esikhulu solwazi malunga neziganeko zemozulu ezenzeka emoyeni ngexesha langempela.
Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele ukuba zeziphi iimpawu nokubaluleka kwesatellite.
Inkqubela phambili kwimozulu
Ngenxa yotshintsho lwehlabathi kukho imeko ekhulayo kunye nesidingo sokuqonda ngcono imeko zemozulu. Imifanekiso efunyenwe ngenzwa efakwe kumaqonga kunye nemeteosat satellite zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iintshukumo kwi umba wothintelo, isilumkiso, ukunciphisa intlekele kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemimandla echaphazelekayo ngeziganeko ezahlukeneyo zendalo ezikhoyo. Siyazi ukuba ngotshintsho lwemozulu ezona ziganeko zemozulu zibaxekileyo ziyanda ngokuhamba rhoqo kunye nokuqina. Oku kwenza ukuba kude kude nesixhobo esibalulekileyo kuhlalutyo kunye nokuvavanywa kweengozi zendalo.
Isethelayithi yemeteosat inceda ukuba nemifanekiso emininzi kwinqanaba lehlabathi phantse ngexesha lokwenyani elinceda ukwamkela iziphumo ezinokubakho ngenxa yendalo. Umzekelo, ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo yase-Iceland u-Eyjafjallajokull kuphazamise zonke izithuthi zomoya kwiindawo ezikumantla eYurophu kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba kurhoxiswe iinqwelomoya kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Oku kuthintelwe umbulelo kwigalelo lokuziva kude usebenzisa isethelayithi yemeteosat. Elinye ityala kukuba limele ukuphucuka okubonakalayo ekuthinteleni abemi ukuba bafike ngokukhawuleza kwi-cyclogenesis kwaye banegalelo ekukhuseleni izinto eziphathekayo kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yabantu.
Ngombulelo kwisatellite yesibhakabhaka, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokulumkisa zenziwe ukuba zilumkise ngendaleko kunye nokubonakala kwemililo yehlathi. Ngale ndlela, izicwangciso zolawulo zinokwenziwa ukuphelisa umlilo kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo ukukhusela ngcono okusingqongileyo. Ithuba lokwenza ezi zicwangciso zomlilo liveliswa ngenxa yezinzwa ezintsha ezivumela ubushushu obukhutshwa ngumphezulu womhlaba ukuba ubanjwe.
Izibonelelo zesatellite yemeteosat
Ngesatellite yesibhakabhaka sinenkqubo yolwamkelo lolwazi xa kufikwa ekujonganeni nezifundo ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo ezisetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lweziganeko ezinxulumene nezinto ezimbi zendalo ezinje ngokungazinzi komphezulu, ukukhutshwa kweentaba-mlilo emoyeni, umlilo omkhulu wehlathinjl. Kuya kufuneka siqonde ukuba imeteosat satellite inezicelo ezinkulu zokuthintela imeteorology.
Ukuyisebenzisa, kulandelwa iindlela ezithile kwaye iziphumo ziyafumaneka ezisebenza njengesixhobo sokwenza izigqibo ngabalawuli abanobuchule kwicandelo lokusingqongileyo. Ukubaluleka kwayo kukhulu kangangokuba inika ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze ikwazi ukulungiselela uqikelelo lwemozulu oluchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo, ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa iziphumo ezinokubakho zale meko yemozulu kuloo mmandla. Oku kunokwaziwa ngombulelo wokuqonda kude kwezaqhwithi ezinkulu kunye nokuvela kwazo okungapheliyo.
Sinokuluxabisa uthando lweemfumba zothuthu lwentaba-mlilo ezinokuba ngumqobo omkhulu kwilizwe jikelele kwaye zibangele ilahleko engenakubalwa yoqoqosho. Umzekelo, ukuba siyakwazi ukusasazeka komlotha wentaba-mlilo, sinokucwangcisa phucula uthutho lomoya kunye nolomhlaba kwaye usebenzise indlela eqhelekileyo yokujonga inkqubela yamafu entaba-mlilo. Kananjalo sinokunciphisa okanye sithintele ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo ngenxa yamasuntswana e-sulfur dioxide ahlala emisiwe emva kogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo.
Enye injongo yesatellite yesibhakabhaka kukukwazi ukwenza uhlalutyo oluninzi lweziphumo zemililo yehlathi ukusukela oko yabonakala de yaphela. Enkosi kule satellite, kunokwenzeka ukuvavanya umonakalo kunye neendleko zokulungiswa. Oososayensi bazimisele ukuvelisa iicogographies zomngcipheko ezizisa ndawonye izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaza iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu ezifundwe kunye nokuthanda ukuqikelela, imisebenzi yolawulo kunye nokucwangciswa okunxulumene nohlobo ngalunye lomsitho. Njengokuba ubona, Kuluncedo kakhulu ukwazi into eyenzekayo kwiplanethi yethu kwaye ujonge umbono wayo.
Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lukwaxhamla kucwangciso lommandla kubulela ibha evulekileyo yokusasaza ulwazi lendawo exhaswa ziiplatifti zesoftware zasimahla nezisimahla.
Iimpawu zesatellite zemoete
Luthotho lweesatifikethi ze-geostationary ezilawulwa yi-EUMETSAT. Kukho indawo ebekwe kwindawo ekudibana kuyo iGreenwich Meridian kunye I-Ecuador iya kubude beekhilomitha ezingama-35800. Ngenxa yesikhundla apho isathelayithi ikhoyo, inokuba ne-orbit ngesantya sokuguqulela esihambelana nokujikeleza komhlaba. Ngale ndlela, sinokuhlala sibona indawo enye kwiplanethi. Yindawo ehambelana nesangqa esijolise kwiGulf of Guinea kwaye sigubungela ukuya kuma-65 degrees latitude. I-Peninsula yaseIberia ifunyenwe kuyo yonke le ndawo kwaye inokuchongwa ukuba ifundisise imiba eyahlukeneyo yemozulu enokuba nomdla kuthi.
Ngoku siza kufunda ngendlela esebenza ngayo le sethelayiti. Isebenzisa imifanekiso ye-VIS, IR kunye ne-VA rhoqo kwisiqingatha seyure. Iyakwazi ukufumana imifanekiso yonke isiqingatha seyure ukuze sibe nesisombululo esifanelekileyo sexeshana sokujonga iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu njengokuhambisa kunye nokwahluka kwesigqubuthelo selifu. Siyazi ukuba amafu yenye yezona zinto ziphambili zokwazi ukuvela kwesiqhwithi, umzekelo. Imifanekiso eliqela iyafumaneka rhoqo kwisiqingatha seyure kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo ye-electromagnetic spectra: Visible (VIS), Thermal Infrared (IR) kunye ne-Water Vapor Infrared (VA) ehambelana neendidi ezintathu zeeselfowuni ezihamba nebhodi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nesatellite ye-meteosat kunye neempawu zayo.