Imephu yendawo

iikali

Zombini iingcali kunye naluphi na uhlobo lomntu, a imephu yendawo sisixhobo esikhulu. Kwaye luhlobo lwemephu esetyenziselwa kakhulu kwaye kwinani elikhulu lamabala kwisayensi nakwisicwangciso sendawo. Iimpawu zayo eziphambili ziluncedo kakhulu kubantu abaninzi.

Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele zonke iimpawu, izinto eziluncedo kunye nenani elikhulu lolwazi onokulufumana kwimephu yendawo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

izinto zemephu yendawo

Imephu yokwakheka komhlaba ayikho enye into ngaphandle kokubonisa ukukhululeka komphezulu womhlaba. Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba ngumelo wento eyenziweyo yommandla othile. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba le ndawo imelwe kwinqanaba. Umahluko ophambili kwizicwangciso zobume bendawo kukuba indawo ezibonakalisa kum ibanzi kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimephu zobume bephondo, imimandla, kunye namazwe kunye namazwekazi zinokwenziwa.

Imigca ejikelezayo yemephu yokwakheka komhlaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yalo naluphi na uhlobo lwemephu. Ngombulelo kwimigca ye-contour ungayazi imo yomhlaba kunye nokuthambekela kwawo. Kolu hlobo lweemephu, iisimboli ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ndiyabulela kuzo zonke iisimboli kunye nemibala eyahlula imilambo, iintaba, iintlambo kunye nezinye izinto kunye nezinto zomhlaba.

Iimephu zomhlaba zibandakanya ulwazi oluninzi oluncedo malunga needolophu, iindlela, iibhlorho, amadama, ukwakhiwa kwabantu okanye iintambo zombane, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi. Namhlanje, baninzi abapapashi kunye neenkonzo zoluntu ezibonelela ngeemephu zomhlaba. Kuxhomekeka kwiziko okanye kumvakalisi, banokuba ziimephu zeendawo zokuhlala ezinkulu kakhulu zeendawo ezithile.

Izinto zemephu yendawo

imephu yehlabathi

Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi ezona zinto ziphambili ekufuneka zibandakanywe kwimephu yendawo. Ukuqwalaselwa unje, izinto ezininzi kufuneka zibandakanywe ngendlela enyanzelekileyo. Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi ezona ndawo ziphambili nezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zibonakale kuyo nayiphi na imephu yendawo:

  • Isikali esisetyenzisiweyo
  • Isalathiso sendawo esemantla
  • IGPS
  • Isalathiso semantla emagnethi
  • Zonke iisimboli ezisetyenzisiweyo
  • Ubudlelwane obukhoyo nezinye iindiza
  • Umbhali wemephu okanye umbutho oyenzileyo
  • Unyaka wokucaciswa

Ezi zizinto eziphambili ezingasileli kwimephu yendawo. Siyazi ukuba isixa esikhulu solwazi siqokelelwe kolu hlobo lwemephu. Ndiyathemba ukuba lonke olu lwazi kufuneka lutolikwe kakuhle. Siza kudibanisa amanqaku aphambili ukuze siqwalasele uhlobo lolwazi olunokufumaneka kwezi mephu:

  • I-nuclei yabemi kunye nezakhiwo ezizimeleyo. Kwimephu yokwakheka komhlaba unokufumana ulwazi malunga namaziko abemi abakhoyo kwindawo ethile kunye nazo zonke izakhiwo ezikude ukusuka kwi-nucleus yedolophu.
  • Iindlela zonxibelelwano. Ezi ndlela zonxibelelwano zahlulwe zaziindlela, oohola bendlela, oololiwe, njl.
  • Umzobo wamanzi. Inxulumene nomthamo wamanzi okanye ubukho bemilambo, amachibi, amadama, njl.
  • Kukungalingani kwendawo kunye nokuphakama apho iindawo zimelwe kwimephu ezikhoyo.
  • Imida yolawulo yemimandla. Ayibonisi imida yendalo kuphela, kodwa kunye nolawulo.
  • Uhlaza. Akukho luhlu luneenkcukacha lweentlobo zezityalo ezikhoyo, kodwa zezona ntlobo ziphambili.
  • Ukulungelelanisa: Ziyimfuneko kwindawo yeendawo ezimelweyo.

Inkcazo yezinto zemephu yendawo

imephu yendawo

Siza kuchaza ngokweenkcukacha ezizezona zemephu yendawo.

  • Amanqanaba kwinqanaba: ngabo bajongene nokubonisa ukuphakama komhlaba. Zezona mpawu zibonakalisa olu hlobo lwemephu. Imigca ejikelezayo ijongene nokujoyina amanqaku aphakame ngokulinganayo ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Ke ngoko, ziya kuba ngamanqaku anokuphakama okufanayo.
  • Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo: Ukongeza kwimigca yokujikeleza, isixa esikhulu solwazi sibonisiwe. Lonke olu lwazi luboniswa kwiimpawu kunye neempawu ukumela imilambo, iindawo ezisezidolophini okanye amanqaku anomdla. Imibala ikwasetyenziselwa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, umbala omdaka uhlala usetyenziselwa ukubonisa iindawo eziphakamileyo. Luhlaza lusetyenziselwa ukubonisa indawo zehlathi okanye amadlelo amakhulu kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukubonisa amanzi. Ezinye iindlela kunye neendlela ezahlulwe kakuhle ngeminye imibala.
  • Isampulu curves: Ukuphakama phakathi kwemigca emibini yokusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwemephu. Oku kwaziwa njengokulingana. Ukubona umahluko ekuphakameni ngokucacileyo, umgca osisigxina usetyenziswa kuyo yonke imigca emi-4 ukuya kwezi-5 ebizwa ngokuba yi-master curve. Isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuphakama kunye nokubala okungcono ukulingana.
  • Isikali: Siyazi ukuba inyani imelwe kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwemephu. Ngokucacileyo, ayizizo zonke ubukhulu bezinto kunye nezinto ezinokumelwa kwinqanaba labo lokwenyani. Ke ngoko, isikali siyasetyenziswa. Elona banga liqhelekileyo liqhelekileyo lisetyenziswa yi-1: 50.000. Oku kusixelela ukuba iyunithi emephini yeyunithi ezingama-50.000 ngokwenyani. Umzekelo, iisentimitha ezimbini kwimephu ziya kuba yikhilomitha enye ngokwenyani.
  • Ilindile: Ithambeka lulwalamano olukhoyo phakathi kokungalingani ekufuneka sikoyisile kunye nomgama okhoyo ngokuthe tyaba.

Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili

Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi ezona zinto zisetyenziswayo zinikwa iimephu zeengingqi. Banokusetyenziselwa izinto ezininzi kwaye banokusetyenziswa nangubani na ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo nangokulula. Ezona zisetyenziswa zixhaphakileyo zezi zilandelayo:

  • Ukucwangciswa kwendawo
  • Uyilo olukhulu
  • I nzu lulwazi
  • Zobunjineli
  • Imigodi
  • Ukunyuka intaba kunye nezinye izinto zokuzonwabisa
  • Uyilo olukhulu
  • Injineri yezendlela

Ukusuka kolu hlobo lweemephu, iinkqubo zolwazi lwejografi ziqwalaselwe ngokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji. Ezi nkqubo ziqokelela inani elikhulu lolwazi ngohlobo lwee-layments ezithi zisebenze ukwazi inani elikhulu lolwazi malunga nendawo ethile. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba komhlaba.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi ngemephu yendawo kunye neempawu zayo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya uluvo lwakho

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. ezidingekayo ziphawulwe *

*

*

  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
  6. Amalungelo: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unganciphisa, uphinde uphinde ucime ulwazi lwakho.