Xa sithetha ngomkhenkce weentaba, akunakuphepheka ukuva ilizwi ikhephu. Amacwecwe omkhenkce abaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, kungekuphela kuba agcina isixa esikhulu samanzi acocekileyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ezinzisa indalo. Izithwathwa ezikhephu ziindawo ezenzeka ngaphakathi komkhenkce kwaye zikwabalulekile kulawulo kunye neempawu zezinto eziphilayo ezingqongileyo.
Kweli nqaku siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni ikhephu, ukuba lenziwa njani kwaye leliphi elona likhulu eSpain.
Yintoni ikhephu elibalekayo?
Mhlawumbi ukhe wayiva ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye. Ikhephu elihamba ikhephu yindawo yentaba apho kufumaneka khona ingqokelela enkulu yekhephu. Ukuba ukhe waya entabeni enekhephu, uya kuyibona indawo apho kukho ikhephu eliqokelelene ngakumbi. Nokuba eli khephu liyakwazi ukuhlala lihleli ngaphandle kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye likhona ehlotyeni.
Kungenxa yokuba ukuhamba ngekhephu yindawo ekhuselweyo kwimisebenzi yemozulu. Izaqhwithi zekhephu ezithi zenzeke kwaye amaqhwa ekhephu ebusika aqokelele ikhephu kwezi ndawo. Ukukhuseleka ngakumbi emoyeni, kwi imitha yelanga kunye neminye imiba yokusingqongileyo, iyakwazi ukuhlala iqokelelekile.
Ezinye izinto ezichaphazela ubungakanani bekhephu kukwanda kwekhephu. Ikhephu eliye laqokelelwa, kokukhona liya kuhlala liqokelelekile. Yiyo le nto eyenza uzinzo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yentaba ehlengahlengiswe kula maqondo obushushu, ukufuma kunye nobukho bekhephu kunye nomkhenkce.
Sifumana ikhephu elikhulu nelaziwayo njengekhephu leCondesa, ebekwe eSierra de Guadarrama. Kwamanye amazwe afana neArgentina kunye neChile basebenzisa eli gama ukubiza iindawo ezithile zomkhenkce wasePatagonia. Zininzi iindawo zeentaba apho ikhephu ligcinwa kufutshane nomlomo wemilambo okanye kufutshane namachibi. Ukunyibilika okungapheliyo komkhenkce yeyona nto ityisa le mizimba yamanzi.
Iqhwa leqhwithi lokuBala
Le snowdrift ekhankanywe apha ngasentla idume kakhulu. Ime kwi-Sierra de Guadarrama kwaye imalunga ne-2.000 yeemitha ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Eli khephu lisetyenziselwa ukusukela oko abantu besebenzisa ikhephu eligcinwa ehlotyeni. Ukunyibilika kweli khephu kancinane kancinane kunyaka wonke kukonyusa ukuhamba koMlambo iManzanares.
Olu khephu aluqokeleli ikhephu ngqo kwimvula, kodwa nakwiloo nto ihanjiswa zisaqhwithi, imimoya kunye neqhwa. Yindawo ekhuselekileyo kwiincopho apho unokufumana inani elikhulu lekhephu eliqokelelweyo unyaka wonke.
Yayisetyenziswa ukusuka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ukuya ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ukuqokelela ikhephu. Ikhephu lathuthwa ziinqwelo ezirhuqwa ngoondlebende zisiya eMadrid nabanye oomasipala. Ikhephu lalisetyenziselwa ukugcina ukutya kubanda kunye nokuhlaziya ezinye iziselo. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ngeli xesha kwakungekho ziqandisi okanye zibandisi. Emva koko, ikhephu lendalo eliqokelelwe unyaka wonke lisetyenziselwa ezi zinto. Ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa kweli khephu, udonga lwamatye lwenziwa emazantsi, ukuze ikhephu liqokelele ngokulula nangakumbi nangakumbi.
Eli khephu likhephu lelona libaluleke kakhulu kubuso obusemazantsi eSierra de Guadarrama. Ubude bayo ziimitha ezingama-625 kunye nobubanzi beemitha ezingama-80. Lo mmandla uphela ugqunywe likhephu unyaka wonke.
Ukunciphisa ubungakanani beekhephu
Kule minyaka idlulileyo, indawo iyonke iyancipha njengoko bekulindelwe. Ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu okuveliswe kukunyuka kwe ifuthe lamaqondo obushushu abanjwe lungcoliseko Kubangela ikhephu elincinci nelincinci ukufumba ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala ukunciphisa imvula ngohlobo lwekhephu. Ngaloo nto, akukho moya okanye amaqhwithi okanye izivunguvungu ezinokuthwala izinto ezingako. Okwesibini kukunyuka ngokubanzi kwamaqondo obushushu unyaka wonke, kusenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukugcina ikhephu.
Enkosi ngokunyibilikisa okwenzeka ehlotyeni, uMlambo iManzanares wondliwa ngamanzi. Ukunyibilika akuthethi ukuba ingqokelela yekhephu iyanyamalala. Ngokuchasene noko, kunciphisa nje umthamo wayo. "Umlingo" wezi ndawo kukuba kude kube sentwasahlobo, basenenqwaba enkulu yekhephu kwindawo yokugcina.
Ukuqokelelwa kwekhephu kukwabangelwa ngamaqondo aphakathi obushushu esiwafumana unyaka wonke. Umndilili okwi-Condesa snowdrift ngama-5 degrees. Imvula ine-1400 mm ngonyaka, kugxila kwisithathu sayo ebusika. Kwiintsuku ezingama-365 ngonyaka, ikhephu lidla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezingama-250, leyo yimpumelelo enkulu.
Ngokubhekisele kutyani lwayo, ilungelelaniswe nobukho bekhephu. Inotyani bezityalo ezincinci kunye nesiqu esifutshane. Zihlala ziqhakaza xa kunyibilika kwaye zigubungela ama-33% omhlaba. Phakathi kwezityalo ezibalaseleyo kule mimandla kukho iijoragales kunye nedlelo lecervunal. Kukwakho nobulembu kunye nezityalo ezinamagqabi kodwa zinobukhulu obuncinci.
Zange
Kunye neekhephu, ngokuqinisekileyo uye weva namabala ekhephu. Eli bala lekhephu libhekisa kwinto enye nekhephu. Oko kukuthi, indawo ebanzi yeentaba apho ikhephu liqokelela khona elinokubamba nasehlotyeni. Yiglacier encinci yecirque. La mabala ekhephu agxile kubude obuphakathi kwe-2.500 kunye ne-3.000 yeemitha.
Kukho amaxesha apho le mimandla ibizwa ngokuba yi helero. Nangona kunjalo, kutyekele ngakumbi ekubizeni oko xa oko kuqokeleleka ngumkhenkce owenzeka apho ubusuku obubandayo kumanzi anyibilikayo.
Njengoko ubona, indalo ineendawo apho okuqhelekileyo kungekho. Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba ikhephu liwa linyibilike emva kwethutyana, njengoko amaqondo obushushu enyuka. Kule meko, i-snowdrift iyakwazi ukuziqokelela ixesha elide.