Ikhalenda yelanga

ikhalenda yelanga

Sonke siqhele ukulandela ikhalenda yelanga kodwa ababaninzi abaziyo ukuba ivela phi okanye ithetha ukuthini na. Ukongezelela ekubeni yikhalenda apho sinokufumana iindidi ezahlukeneyo, kuyacaca ukuba yahlukile kwikhalenda yenyanga. Ineempawu ezizodwa kwaye zifanele ukukhankanywa apha.

Ngoko ke, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba yintoni ikhalenda yelanga, yintoni imvelaphi yayo kunye nazo zonke iimpawu zayo eziphambili.

Yintoni ikhalenda yelanga

Ikhalenda kaGregory

Ikhalenda yelanga yikhalenda elawula ubomi bethu. Yinkqubo yokuthandana esekelwe kunyaka wamaxesha malunga neentsuku ezingama-365 1/4, leyo lixesha elithathwayo ukuba umhlaba ujikeleze ilanga.

AmaYiputa abonakala engowokuqala ukuphuhlisa ikhalenda yelanga. Ukuvela kwakhona kwenja enguSirius (uSothis) kwisibhakabhaka esisempuma kwakuyindawo emiselweyo nyaka ngamnye, engqamana nomkhukula wonyaka woMnayile.” Benza ikhalenda yeentsuku ezingama-365. Iquka iinyanga ezili-12, iintsuku ezingama-30 ngenyanga, neentsuku ezi-5 zongezwa ekupheleni konyaka, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ikhalenda yakhe ihambe kakubi ngokuthe ngcembe.

UPtolemy III Euergetes waseYiputa wongezelela usuku kwikhalenda yeentsuku ezingama-365 rhoqo kwiminyaka emine kummiselo weCanopus (237 BC) (olu qheliselo lwangeniswa kwikhalenda kaSeleucid eyamkelwa ngowama-312 BC).

KwiRiphabhlikhi yaseRoma, uMlawuli uKesare ngowama-45 BC. Kwathatyathelw’ indawo ikhalenda yeRiphabliki yeRiphabhulikhi yaseRoma eyayinesiphithiphithi ngekhalenda kaJulius, enokuthi isekelwe kwikhalenda yenyanga yesiGrike. Ikhalenda kaJulius yabela iintsuku ezingama-30 okanye ezingama-31 ukusa kwiinyanga ezili-11 ukuya kutsho ngoFebruwari; unyaka we-leap uvumelekile rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine. Noko ke, kamva, ikhalenda kaJulius yenza unyaka welanga ube mde kakhulu ngokongeza ikota yosuku enyakeni; unyaka welanga ngokwenene 365.2422 iintsuku.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-10, ixesha elongezelelekileyo labangela impazamo eyongezelelekileyo kangangeentsuku ezili-1582. Ukulungisa le mpazamo, uPopu Gregory XIII waqulunqa ikhalenda kaGregory ngowe-5, ukususela ngo-Oktobha 14 ukuya kowe-400 waloo nyaka, waza wayiyeka iminyaka exhumanisayo ngenxa yokuba iyeyekhulu leminyaka engenakwahlulwa ngama-1700, ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1800, ngowe-1900 nowe-XNUMX. Kuzo zonke iinkcazo, siyabona ukuba iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeekhalenda zelanga ziye zavela, nazo ziphawulwe ngendawo. Ikhalenda yethu yangoku yeGregory yikhalenda kaGregory, kodwa ayizukuba buhlungu ukuba siyazazi ezinye iikhalenda zikaGregory.

Iintlobo zekhalenda yelanga

iimilo zekhalenda yelanga

Iikhalenda zelanga zaseTropiki

Ikhalenda yeTropiki yikhalenda elawulwa yiminyaka yetropiki, kwaye ubude bayo bumalunga neentsuku ezingama-365, iiyure ezi-5, imizuzu engama-48 kunye nemizuzwana engama-45 (iintsuku ezingama-365,24219). Unyaka weTropiki unokuba ukusuka entwasahlobo okanye ekwindla i-equinox ukuya kwelinye, okanye ukusuka ehlotyeni okanye ebusika ukuya kutsho kwelinye.

Nangona ikhalenda yanamhlanje kaGregory ineentsuku ezingama-365 kunyaka oqhelekileyo, songeza usuku lomtsi phantse rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine ukuze ihambisane nonyaka wetropikhi. Ngaphandle kwenani elichanekileyo leminyaka yokuxhuma, ikhalenda yethu iya kukhawuleza iphume esync. Oku kwenzeka kwikhalenda kaJulius ngeminyaka emininzi kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, yathatyathelw’ indawo yikhalenda kaGregory.

Ezi zilandelayo ziikhalenda zelanga zetropikhi:

  • Ikhalenda kaGregory
  • Ikhalenda kaJulian
  • Ikhalenda yeBaha'i
  • Ikhalenda yamaHindu
  • Ikhalenda yesiCoptic
  • Ikhalenda yaseIran (iKhalenda yeJal_li)
  • Ikhalenda yesiTamil
  • Ikhalenda yelanga yaseThai

Ikhalenda nganye kwezi inonyaka weentsuku ezingama-365 kwaye maxa wambi iyandiswa ngokongezwa usuku olongezelelweyo ukwenza unyaka omnqantsa. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-"collation", apho imihla efakiweyo "igxadazelwe". Kwakhona, kukho ikhalenda yeZoroastrian, leyo Yikhalenda yenkolo yabazinikeleyo beZoroaster kwaye luqikelelo lwekhalenda yelanga.

Iikhalenda zelanga ezisecaleni

Ikhalenda yaseBangali ngowona mzekelo ubalaseleyo wekhalenda yelanga. Oku kudla ngokuba ziintsuku ezingama-365, kudityaniswe nosuku olunye ukwenza unyaka omnqantsa. Iinyanga ezili-12 zelanga zichongwa njengelinye lamaxesha onyaka amathandathu (iinyanga ezimbini kwixesha lonyaka ngalinye). Inyanga nganye imela ikroza elithile.

Olu hlobo lweekhalenda Zisetyenziselwa ukuvumisa kwaye zineentsingiselo ezibalulekileyo kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo. Le khalenda inokusebenzisa inyanga yenyanga. Ke, ikhalenda yaseBengali ikwabizwa ngokuba yikhalenda yenyanga-elanga.

Oku kulandelayo ziikhalenda zelanga ezisecaleni:

  • Ikhalenda yesiBengali
  • Ikhalenda yeSanskrit
  • Ikhalenda yaseMalaysia

Umahluko kwikhalenda yenyanga

Ilitye lelanga

Siye sabona indlela ikhalenda yelanga esekelwe ngayo kwindlela ilanga elihamba ngayo kwaye iqheleke ngakumbi ebantwini. Kodwa ayisiyiyo kuphela ikhalenda, nangona kufuneka sithethe ngekhalenda yenyanga, leyo ilawulwa ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo enyanga. Ngale ndlela, ikhalenda yelanga yahluke kakhulu kwikhalenda yenyanga, esebenzisa inyanga ukubala iinyanga. Nangona iikhalenda ezimbini zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa iinyanga, zombini zinokusinceda silandele ngokuchanekileyo ixesha kunye nokulawula ubomi bethu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwekhalenda yenyanga kunye nekhalenda yelanga yimizimba yasezulwini esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwexesha. Ikhalenda yenyanga isebenzisa isigaba senyanga ukulinganisa ixesha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inyanga lixesha eliphakathi kwenyanga entsha kunye nenyanga entsha. Ixesha elifunekayo ukuze umhlaba ujikeleze ilanga ngunyaka omnye.

Ikhalenda yelanga ngokuqhelekileyo ilinganisa ixesha phakathi kwe-vernal equinoxes. Kuba kuthatha inyanga kwangaxeshanye ukujikeleza umhlaba, inyanga isoloko ibonisa ubuso obufanayo emhlabeni. Yiyo loo nto obunye ubugqwirha bayo bungazange bubonwe. Ukuthwasa kwenyanga kuvela rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezingama-29,5. Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zibiza ixesha eliphakathi kwenyanga entsha yinyanga yesinodi.

Zonke iikhalenda zenyanga ezenziwa ngabantu zisekelwe kwiinyanga ze-synodic, kungekhona iinyanga esinokuzifumana kwikhalenda yelanga. Enyanisweni, ikhalenda yelanga iye yasekwa njengenyanga esihlala siyisebenzisa rhoqo, ngokungafaniyo nekhalenda yenyanga, leyo Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizityalo kunye nezifundo esoteric.

Njengoko ubona, kukho iiyantlukwano ezininzi phakathi kwekhalenda yenyanga kunye nelanga. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nekhalenda yelanga, iimpawu zayo kunye nemvelaphi yayo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya uluvo lwakho

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. ezidingekayo ziphawulwe *

*

*

  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
  6. Amalungelo: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unganciphisa, uphinde uphinde ucime ulwazi lwakho.