Abantu banemigca eqikelelweyo yentelekelelo kwisijikelezi-langa sethu ukuze bamisele izibanzi kunye nemilinganiselo yamazwe kunye namazwekazi. Ezi zibanzi zohlulwe ukuya emantla, emazantsi, empuma nasentshona. Umgca owahlula emantla ukusuka emazantsi ubizwa ngokuba yi-Ecuador kwaye ushiya isijikelezi-langa sahlulwe kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Ecuador iitropiki zomhlaba. SineTropic yeCapricorn kunye neTropic yeCancer.
Kweli nqaku siza kuxela malunga nokuba zeziphi iimpawu eziphambili zeTropiki zoMhlaba kwaye yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo abanayo.
IiTropiki zoMhlaba
Iitropiki ziyimigca enxuseneyo neikhweyitha, 23º 27' ukusuka kwiikhweyitha kuzo zombini iihemisphere. SineTropic yoMhlaza emantla kunye neTropic yoMhlaza emazantsi.
I-ikhweyitha ngumgca onobukhulu obukhulu. I-perpendicular kwi-axis yoMhlaba kumbindi wayo. Esona sangqa sikhulu emhlabeni, i-perpendicular to axis, sahlula umhlaba ube ngamacandelo amabini alinganayo abizwa ngokuba yi-hemispheres: emantla okanye emantla (ihemisphere esemantla) nasezantsi okanye emazantsi (esemazantsi ehemisphere). Iilongitudi zomhlaba zenza izangqa ezinkulu kwi-ikhweyitha yomhlaba kwaye zidlule kwiipali.
I-Perpendicular to the equator, isangqa esingenasiphelo esicingelwayo sinokutsalwa emhlabeni jikelele, ububanzi bawo buhambelana ne-axis ye-polar. ezi zangqa Zenziwe ngezangqa ezibini ezibizwa ngokuba ziimeridians kunye ne-antimeridians., ngokulandelelanayo. Iimpawu zemeridians zezi zilandelayo:
- Zonke zinedayamitha efanayo (i-axis yomhlaba).
- Ziyi-perpendicular kwi-ikhweyitha.
- Ziqulathe umbindi womhlaba.
- Badibana ezipalini.
- Ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-anti-meridians ehambelanayo bahlula umhlaba ube ngama-hemispheres amabini.
Itropiki yeKapricorn
ITropic yoMhlaza ngumgca othe tye okanye onxuseneyo othelekelelayo ojikeleza uMhlaba kuma-23,5° emazantsi eikhweyitha. Yeyona ndawo isemazantsi eMhlabeni, isuka kweyona ndawo isemazantsi ukuya emantla eTropic yeCancer, kwaye inoxanduva lokumakisha isiphelo esisemazantsi setropiki.
ITropic of Capricorn ibizwa ngolo hlobo kuba iLanga liseCapricorn ebudeni benyanga kaDisemba. I Ukumiselwa kwenzeka malunga neminyaka engama-2000 eyadlulayo, xa ilanga lalingasekho kula makroza. Ngenjikalanga kaJuni, iLanga liseTaurus, kwaye ngenjikalanga kaDisemba, iLanga likwiSagittarius. Ibizwa ngokuba yiCapricorn kuba kumaxesha amandulo, xa ilanga lasehlotyeni lalisenzeka kumazantsi ehemisphere, ilanga lalikwikroza leCapricorn. Okwangoku ikwiqela leenkwenkwezi zeSagittarius, kodwa isiko lisamkela igama elithi Tropic of Capricorn ngokwesithethe.
Iimpawu zezi zilandelayo:
- Umahluko wamaxesha kwiindawo ezishushu zincinci, ngoko ubomi ngokuqhelekileyo bufudumele yaye bunelanga kwiiTropiki zeCapricorn.
- Iincopho ezibandayo zentlango yeAtacama neKalahari, iRio de Janeiro kunye neeAndes zikwiTropic of Capricorn.
- Kulapho kukhuliswa khona uninzi lwekofu yehlabathi.
- Lo ngumgca wentelekelelo omisela eyona ndawo ikude emazantsi ilanga linokufikelela kuyo emini emaqanda.
- Inoxanduva lokuchaza imida esemazantsi etropiki.
- Indawo yokuqala eqala kuyo kunxweme lwasentlango eNamibia, eSandwich Harbour.
- Iindawo ezitshisayo zinqumla uMlambo iLimpopo, umjelo omkhulu onqumla eMzantsi Afrika, eBotswana, naseMozambique uze uphumele kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya.
- I-Tropic yeCapricorn ichukumisa kuphela iphondo elisemantla oMzantsi Afrika, kodwa iquka iKruger National Park.
Tropic of Cancer
ITropiki yoMhlaza yi Umgca wesibanzi ojikeleza umhlaba malunga ne-23,5 ° kumntla wesibanzi se-ikhweyitha.. Le yeyona ndawo isemantla eMhlabeni. Kwakhona, yenye yemilinganiselo emihlanu ephambili ethatyathwe kwiiyunithi zesibanzi, okanye izangqa zesibanzi, ezahlula umhlaba, khumbula ukuba eminye imilinganiselo yiCapricorn, Ikhweyitha, iArctic Circle kunye neAntarctic Circle.
I-Tropic of Cancer ibaluleke kakhulu kwisebe lejografi elifunda uMhlaba, kuba ukongeza kwindawo esemantla ebonisa ngokuthe ngqo imitha yelanga, nayo inomsebenzi wokumakisha isiphelo esisemantla setropiki, ukunyuka ngasentla ukusuka kwi-ikhweyitha ukuya kwiTropic yeCancer nakumazantsi ukuya kumntla womgca wokubuyela umva. I-Tropic of Cancer ngumgca wesibanzi ojikeleza umhlaba kwi-23,5 ° kumntla we-ikhweyitha yesibanzi, yeyona ndawo isemantla eTropic of Cancer kunye nezinye izidanga ezisetyenziselwa ukwahlula umhlaba.
Ebudeni benyanga kaJuni okanye yasehlotyeni, ilanga likhomba kwikroza leCancer, ngoko ke umgca omtsha wesibanzi ubizwa ngokuba yiTropic of Cancer. Kodwa kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba igama lanikwa iminyaka engaphezu kwama-2000 eyadlulayo, kwaye ilanga alisekho kwiCancer. Ngoku ikwiqela leenkwenkwezi zeTaurus. Nangona kunjalo, kwiireferensi ezininzi, indawo yesibanzi kwiTropic of Cancer kuma-23,5°N kulula ukuyiqonda. Iimpawu zabo zezi:
- Sesona sibanzi sisemantla apho ilanga linokuvela ngqo phezulu, kwaye lenzeka ngexesha elidumileyo likaJuni.
- Emantla alo mgca, sinokufumana imimandla yemozulu eshushu kunye neyamantla.
- Emazantsi eTropiki yoMhlaza nakumantla eCapricorn yindawo etshisayo.
- Amaxesha ayo akaphawulwa bubushushu; kodwa ngokudityaniswa kwemimoya yorhwebo etsala ukufuma elwandle ize ivelise iimvula zamaxesha onyaka ezibizwa ngokuba ziimonsoon kuNxweme lwaseMpuma.
- Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemozulu ziyakwazi ukwahlula kwiindawo ezitshisayo kuba isibanzi sesinye kuphela kwizinto ezininzi ezimisela imozulu yetropikhi.
- Iqulethe eyona ndawo inkulu yehlathi elifumileyo leetropiki emhlabeni.
- Inoxanduva lokumisela umda osemantla womgca othe nkqo phakathi kwelanga nomhlaba ngexesha lehlobo lasehlotyeni kwi-hemisphere esemantla.
Njengoko ubona, umntu uye wasebenzisa imigca yentelekelelo ukuze akwazi ukwahlula iplanethi ngokweempawu zemozulu kwaye iluncedo kakhulu kwi-cartography kunye nejografi. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neetropiki zomhlaba kunye neempawu zayo.