Kwi-geology kukho iindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokwakheka. Ngamnye uneempawu ezikhethekileyo kunye nemvelaphi. Omnye wabo iisinkhole. Le yinkqubo eyingozi kakhulu ukuba iyasifumana singalindelanga. Kwaye kukuba luhlobo lokudakumba ngokwejoloji okwenzeka kwindawo yendalo kwaye okunokuthi kwakheka embindini womwonyo okanye kwenye indawo.
Ngoko ke, siza kunikela eli nqaku ukuze sikuxelele yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga ne-sinkholes, iimpawu zabo kunye nokubunjwa.
Ukuqulunqwa kwee-sinkholes
I-Sinkholes yimithombo engaphantsi komhlaba, eyenziwe kwindawo yokubamba, kodwa akukho nkqubo yangaphandle yokukhupha amanzi, ngoko ke amanzi aqala ukutshabalalisa yonke into edlulayo, ingaba yindawo engaphantsi komhlaba okanye i-asphalt ngokwayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu: uhlobo lwasendle, uhlobo lwekhava kunye nodidi lokuwa. Kwenzeka ngokwemvelo xa phantse kungekho nto okanye uhlaza emhlabeni, ngoko ke amanzi aqala ukunyibilika umphezulu kwaye ekugqibeleni iifom zequla. Isigqubuthelo senzeke xa kukho isanti kwaye xa amanzi engena kwizinto eziphathekayo, amanzi ahamba ezantsi. Uhlobo lokudilika lolona luyingozi kakhulu, kuba intlenga iqala ukushukuma ngokungazi, de uqweqwe oluphezulu ekugqibeleni luqhekeke kwaye yonke into ejikelezileyo iwela kumngxuma ogrunjwe ngamanzi.
Ngokwenene, ukubonakala kwayo kuhambelana nezizathu zendalo, imisebenzi yabantu kunye namanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo amanzi avela kwiimvula ezinkulu okanye amanzi akhoyo ngenxa yomgangatho ophantsi wolwandle kwindawo ekugqibeleni uya kuchaphazela enye yeengqimba zamatye ezingaphantsi komhlaba, oko kukuthi. iyakwazi ukutshintsha ezinye iileya ezingezizo ezomphezulu. Xa oku kusenzeka, zimbini izinto ezinokuthi zenzeke ezikhokelela ekwenziweni kwesinki.
Okokuqala, kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho umqolomba ongaphantsi komhlaba esinyathela kuwo, nangona singazi, kwaye oko kuchaphazela isilingi. Oku kunokuba lukhukuliseko lomphezulu oludilikayo kwaye ekugqibeleni luvezwe. Kwimeko yesibini inokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba akukho miqolomba, kwaye isenzo samanzi sinyibilikisa ilitye eliwubambe ngokuqinileyo umhlaba, kwaye ikwabangela ukuba iwe, idala ezi nzonzobila zasemhlabeni.
Apho zivela khona
Ukuba abasemagunyeni bayalunyukiswa, banokudibana nemiqondiso yendlela elumkisa ngobuthathaka obunokwenzeka. Ngaphandle koko, nikela ingqalelo kumhlaba, njengoko kunokubakho ukuqhekeka kunye namanqaku amancinci amancinci. Enye indlela yokubona oku kukuba ubona izityalo zikhula kufuphi neentanda, kuthetha ukuba kukho amanzi ngaphantsi.
Kukho imigodi emininzi enomdla kakhulu engaphantsi kwamanzi, kwaye kukho ezinye onokuthi uzindwendwele ukuba ubukele indawo. Ezi zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "blue holes" kwaye zigubungela iindawo ezinkulu. Ngokomzekelo, iPozzo del Mero eItali iphantse ibe yi-400 yeemitha ubunzulu kunye nolwandle IBlue Hole yaseDean eBahamas itshona ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-200.
I-downside to sinkholes kukuba ziyingozi. Ewe, konke oko kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemingxuma yokutshona ekhoyo, kodwa ezidolophini zithanda ukukhukuliseka de zidilike, yiyo loo nto ekugqibeleni zikhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abadlulayo bengalindelanga. kutheni iimoto ezininzi ziwela phantsi ngobunzulu. Eyona nto ibuhlungu kukuba izidumbu zabantu abaninzi eziginywe ngumngxuma wokutshona, kuba lo mmandla uzinzile kakhulu, azisayi kufunyanwa.
Imizekelo yeesinki
Ityuwa yamatye engqonge uLwandle Olufileyo okanye ilitye likalikalika kuSingasiqithi waseYucatan eMexico yimizekelo emibini emihle yokuyilwa kwemvelo kwamaqula ehlabathini. ESpain, enye yezona ndawo zidumileyo kunye nezinomtsalane zendalo zokucwina yiTorcas del Palancar kwiphondo laseCuenca, apho. Ibe yindawo enomtsalane kubakhenkethi kwi-Autonomous Community of Castilla-La Mancha.
Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, asiyiyo yonke imihlaba ethanda ngokulinganayo ukutshona. Ngapha koko, i-etymology yegama elithi dolina yavela kwiSlovenian, kuba kulula ukuyifumana kule mimandla, ngakumbi kwingingqi yaseCarso. Oku kungenxa yodidi lomhlaba abanawo, udityaniswe ikakhulu luluhlu lwamatye athile, afana ne limestone okanye igypsum, wona adityaniswe ziiminerali ezinyibilikayo xa zidibana namanzi. Olu hlobo lwesiqabu lubizwa ngokuba yi<em>karst relief, lushiya imbonakalo yendalo emangalisayo esinokuyonwabela.
Kwakhona, Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeesinki ezinokuthi zenziwe. Umzekelo, i-sump luhlobo lwe-sump ejikelezayo esetyenziswa njengomsele wokuhambisa amanzi emvula kunye nemilambo emincinci; I-Tollos ixhaphake kakhulu kwindawo yaseCastilla y León, efana ne-sinkholes, kodwa amanzi abawaqokelelayo aya kudala ngokukhawuleza. Zifunxwa luhlobo lwamatye.
Uncedo kunye nejoloji
Ukubunjwa kwama-sinkholes kwenzeka kwimihlaba eyenziwe ngamatye angenanto eyenziwe ngodongwe kunye ne-limestone, ngoko oku akukuphela kwenkqubo kwiindawo ze-calcareous. Oku kwenzeka xa inxalenye yamanzi emvula iba ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwaye aqukuqela ngaphantsi kobunzima bamatye ngaxeshanye nobunzima obuhamba kuwo.
Ngenxa yokuba amanzi emvula equlethe ikharbon diokside evela kwiatmosfera, icarbonation iyenzeka. Le carbon dioxide idibana ne-calcium hydroxide etyeni kwaye ikhuphe amanzi kunye ne-calcium carbonate. Ngoko ke, Ngethuba nje amanzi efikelela kwixabiso elifunekayo, amatye aya kuchithwa kwaye ahlale.
Ezi zisisiseko semvelaphi ye-karst modeling, eyakhokelela ekubunjweni kwee-sinkholes. Amanzi aphezu komhlaba kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba ngokuthe ngcembe ayawanyibilikisa amatye. Ngale ndlela, kwenziwa iigalari kunye nemiqolomba edibanisa la manzi mabini.
Ngenxa yokunyibilika ngokuthe ngcembe kwelitye, ukwakheka kwalo kunokucotha okanye kusenokuvela ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuwa komqolomba ongaphantsi komhlaba. Kwimeko yesibini, imele ingozi enkulu kwizakhiwo ezikumhlaba ochaphazelekayo.
Malunga nonyaka odlulileyo, enye yezi zinto yavela eGuatemala, eyabangela uloyiko kwaye, njengesiqhelo, yafikelela kwizigqibo ezikhawulezileyo nezingalunganga ezisekelwe kwintelekelelo kunye neentlungu zokuzithandela esizivumileyo. Sisoloko sihlaselwa ziintlekele ekuthiwa zizayo, yaye izizathu okanye oonobangela abanokubakho azikwazi kuthetha.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-sinkholes kunye neempawu zabo.