Siyazi ukuba iJupiter yeyona planethi inkulu kwinkqubo yonke yelanga. Kuqwalaselwe izinto ezininzi ukumisela inkqubo ye Isatellites zeJupiter. Kude kube namhlanje kuyaziwa ukuba kukho iinyanga ezingama-79 kulo mhlaba. Iisathelayithi zendalo zikwabizwa ngokuba yinyanga kwaye ngumzimba wasezulwini ojikeleza iplanethi. Kwinkqubo yelanga kukho iiplanethi ezi-6 kuphela ezineesathelayithi zendalo ngaphandle kweMercury neVenus.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu kunye nokufumanisa kweesatellite zeJupiter.
Iimpawu zeJupiter
Ubuninzi beJupiter malunga nekota ubuninzi beplanethi yethu. Nangona kunjalo, ingaphakathi lenziwe ikakhulu iigesi i-hydrogen, i-helium kunye ne-argon. Ngokungafaniyo noMhlaba, akukho mahluko ucacileyo phakathi komhlaba kunye nomoya ojikeleze umhlaba. Kungenxa yokuba iigesi zomoya ezihamba ngokuthe ngcembe ziguquka zibe lulwelo.
I-Hydrogen icinezelwe kangangokuba ikwimeko yolwelo ebuntsimbi. Oku akwenzeki kwiplanethi yethu. Ngenxa yomgama kunye nobunzima bokufunda ingaphakathi lale planethi, akukaziwa ukuba yintoni i-nucleus eyenziwe ngayo. Kucingelwa ukuba yinto enamatye ngohlobo lomkhenkce, inikwe amaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu.
Ngokumalunga namandla ayo, Uguquko olunye olujikeleze iLanga rhoqo kwiminyaka eyi-11,9 yoMhlaba. Ngenxa yomgama kunye nokuhamba kwexesha elide kuthatha ixesha elide ukujikeleza iLanga kuneplanethi yethu. Ime kwi-orbital umgama we-778 yezigidi zeekhilomitha. Umhlaba kunye neJupiter banamaxesha apho basondela kwaye bakude omnye komnye. Kungenxa yokuba ii-orbits zazo azifani ngeminyaka efanayo. Rhoqo kwiminyaka engama-47, umgama phakathi kwezijikelezi-langa uyahluka.
Owona mgama usezantsi phakathi kweeplanethi ezimbini ziikhilomitha ezingama-590 ezigidi. Lo mgama wenzeka ngo-2013. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zijikelezi-langa zingafunyanwa kumgama ongama-676 yeekhilomitha.
Isatellites zeJupiter
Ukusukela oko kwaqala unyaka Ukususela ngo-1892 ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje uluhlu lweesathelayithi zeJupiter zineminyaka engama-79. Bafunyenwe kancinci kancinci kwaye bafumanisa iimpawu zabo. Babizwa ngegama labathandi, ngeembono kunye neentombi zikaThixo kaJupiter. Ezi satellites zahlulwe zangamaqela aliqela: rhoqo kwaye engaqhelekanga. Ngaphakathi kwiqela lokuqala sineenyanga zaseGalili nakwizinto ezingaqhelekanga iinkqubo kunye nokubuyela umva. Kukho iinyanga ezisi-8 eziqhelekileyo kwaye zonke zinomjikelo we-prograde. Oku kuthetha ukuba kumjikelezo ukufuduka komzimba wasezulwini ujikeleza kwicala elinye apho ujikeleza khona umhlaba. Ayizizo zonke iisathelayithi ezinemilo ejikelezileyo, kodwa zikhona ezizezamofu ngokupheleleyo.
Abanye bacinga ukuba iisathelayithi zenziwe ngedisk ejikelezayo, iringi eyongeze igesi, kunye neziqwengana eziqinileyo ezifana nediski yelanga ejikeleze inkwenkwezi.
Ukuqhubeka nolwahlulo sineenyanga ezingaqhelekanga. Izinto ezincinci ngobukhulu kwaye zikude ngakumbi kunesiqhelo. Inemijikelezo yazo zonke iintlobo. Ngaphakathi kweli qela likhulu sineenyanga kunye ne-prograde orbit. Kuludwe lweenyanga ezingaqhelekanga sikwafumana amanye amaqela. Iyokuqala liqela le-Himalia. Liqela leesathelayithi zeJupiter ezinomjikelezo ofanayo kwaye zibizwa ngegama lenyanga enkulu kuloo mmandla. Ibizwe njalo kuba IHimalia yi-170 km ubukhulu xa kuthelekiswa nama-36, 20 kunye nama-80 eListea, eLeda nase-Elara. Ngokulandelanayo.
Emva koko sinelinye iqela ngaphakathi kweenyanga ezingaqhelekanga. Ziifowuni ezibuyisela umva kwakhona. Ezi nyanga zibizwa ngegama lokuhamba kwazo ngokuchasene nokujikeleza kweJupiter. Kweli qela sinezinye iinyanga ukuya kuthi ga kuma-79.
Iisathelayithi eziphambili zikaJupiter
Iinyanga eziphambili zeplanethi zine kwaye zibizwa ngokuba yiIo, Europa, Ganymede kunye neCallisto. Ezi nyanga zine zingamaGalili kwaye zikwiqela leziqhelekileyo kwaye zinokubonwa ngeteleskopu evela kwiplanethi yethu.
Inyanga Io
Yeyona satellite ikufutshane neyona inkulu kwezona nyanga ziseGalili. Apha singafumana amathafa abanzi kakhulu kunye nezinye iintlobo zeentaba kodwa ayinayo nayiphi na intaba ngenxa yesivumelwano semeteorite ethile. Njengokuba ingenazo iikreyitha, kucingelwa ukuba zineminyaka emifutshane yokuma komhlaba. Inentaba-mlilo engaphezulu kwama-400 esebenzayo, yeyona nto isebenzayo kwisibhakabhaka kwindawo yonke yelanga.
Inomoya omncinci, ocekeceke kakhulu owenziwe yisalfure dioxide, phakathi kwezinye iigesi. Akunanzi manzi ngenxa yokusondela kweplanethi kunye nefuthe elinalo kule nyanga.
Inyanga ye-Europa
Yeyona incinci kwezine iinyanga eziphambili. Inomboko womkhenkce kwaye undoqo mhlawumbi ubunjwe ngentsimbi kunye nenickel. Umoya wayo ubhityile kwaye ubhityile kwaye ubukhulu becala wenziwe ngeoksijini. Umphezulu ugudile kwaye obu bume bukhokelele kwizazinzulu ukuba zicinga ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ibinolwandle olungaphantsi komphezulu olunokuthi lube nakho ukudala ubomi. Ngenxa yokuba ubomi bunokwenzeka, i-Europa iyeyona satellite inomdla kakhulu ukuphononongwa kuyo yonke inkqubo yelanga.
IiSatellites zeJupiter: iNyanga Ganymede
Yeyona satellite inkulu kwinkqubo yonke yelanga kwaye yiyo kuphela enendawo yayo yemagnethi. Iphindwe kabini ubukhulu benyanga yethu kwaye ukwakwiminyaka efanayo. Iqukethe ubukhulu becala ii-silicates kunye nomkhenkce. Isiseko salo sitshile kwaye sisityebi kwaye siyinyithi. Kucingelwa ukuba kukho ulwandle lwangaphakathi olunokugcina amanzi amaninzi kunalo lonke ulwandle olusemhlabeni.
INyanga yeCallisto
Yeyona satellite yesibini enkulu yeJupiter. Ayifudunyezwa yimikhosi yamaza ebangelwa ngumxhuzulane kaJupiter. Owona mde. Inokujikeleza ngokuhambelana kwaye ihlala ibonisa ubuso obufanayo kwiplanethi njengoko isenzeka kwinyanga yoMhlaba.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neesathelayithi zeJupiter kunye neempawu zazo.