Xa sithetha ngeesathelayithi zendalo asithethi ngezo zinto zisesibhakabhakeni ezijikeleza omnye umzimba wesibhakabhaka omkhulu ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, xa sibhekisa kwi iisathelayithi ezingezizo ezokwenziwa Sithetha ngayo nayiphi na into engeyiyo eyendalo ejikeleza umzimba wasezulwini. Ezi zinto zihlala zinenjongo ethile njengokuqonda okungcono iphela. Bazalwa njengesiphumo sobuchwephesha boluntu kwaye basetyenziselwa ukufumana ulwazi malunga nomzimba wasezulwini owufundayo. Uninzi lweesathelayithi ezenziwe ngabantu zijikeleza uMhlaba. Zibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lobuchwephesha boluntu kwaye namhlanje besingenakuphila ngaphandle kwazo.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neesathelayithi ezingezizo ezokwenziwa.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ngokungafaniyo nento eyenzekayo ngeesathelayithi zendalo ezifana nenyanga, iisathelayithi ezingezizo ezokwenziwa ngabantu. Ezi zijikeleza into enkulu kunazo kuba zinomtsalane kumxhuzulane. Ngokwesiqhelo ngoomatshini abaphucukileyo abanobuchwephesha benguqu. Bathunyelwa emajukujukwini ukuze bafumane isixa esikhulu solwazi malunga neplanethi yethu. Singatsho ukuba inkunkuma okanye intsalela yoomatshini abathile, oomatshini abasebenza esithubeni abaphethe oosomajukujuku, izikhululo ze-orbital kunye neeprosesi zeplanethi azithathwa njengeesathelayithi ezingezizo.
Phakathi kweempawu eziphambili esizifumanayo ngezi zinto kukuba zisungulwa ngeerokethi. Imijukujelwa ayinanto ingaphaya kwaso nasiphi na isithuthi esifana nomjukujelwa, oomajukujuku okanye iinqwelomoya eziqhubela isathelayithi phezulu. Zicwangcisiwe ukuba zilandele indlela ngokokumiselweyo. Banomsebenzi ophambili okanye umsebenzi wokufezekisa njengokujonga amafu, umzekelo. Uninzi lweesathelayithi ezenziwe ngabantu orbit iplanethi yethu ihlala ijikeleze ngokuqhubekayo. Kwelinye icala, sinesathelayithi ezithunyelwa kwezinye iiplanethi okanye izidalwa zasezulwini ekufuneka zilandelwe ukufumana ulwazi kunye nokubeka iliso.
Ukusetyenziswa kweesathelayithi ezingezizo ezokwenziwa
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezisisiseko zeesathelayithi ezingezizo ezithi zijikeleze uMhlaba: isatellites ze-geostationary kunye neesathelayithi ezi-polar. Ezi zezona ziphambili ngokokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ukuba sifuna ukwenza imephu kwaye sifumane ulwazi oluthile malunga noMhlaba okanye ezinye iiplanethi, ezi satellites ziyasetyenziswa. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokubeka indawo eyaziwa ngokuba yiGPS ifunyenwe ngenxa yenethiwekhi yesathelayithi ezingezizo ezokujikeleza umhlaba. Eli qela leesathelayithi limisela indawo kunye nokuma kwento emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zonxibelelwano. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya umabonwakude kunye neeselfowuni.
Phakathi kokusetyenziswa esikufumanayo kwiisathelayithi ezingezizo ezenzululwazi kunye neenjongo ezisetyenziswayo. Eminye imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwesayensi kukufunda kwendawo engaphandle, imitha yelanga, iiplanethi, njl. Eminye imizekelo yokusetyenziswa okusetyenzisiweyo ukujongwa kwemozulu, ubuntlola bezomkhosi, ukubona kude kunye nonxibelelwano ngocingo, phakathi kwabanye.
Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba umgama apho iisetellites ze-geostationary kunye ne-polar zibekwe zahlukile. Abanye bakumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-240, ngelixa abanye bekwimigama yosuku ukuya kuthi ga kwi-36.200 yeekhilomitha. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesathelayithi luya kuba nezinto eziluncedo kunye nezinye izinto ezingalunganga kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwalo. Uninzi lweesathelayithi ezijikeleza uMhlaba zihlala kuluhlu lweekhilomitha ezingama-800 kwaye zihamba ngesantya esijikeleze iikhilomitha ezingama-27,400 ngeyure. Isantya esihamba ngaso siyimfuneko ukuze amandla omxhuzulane angabuyisi mva.
Ezi satellites ezingezizo ezokwenziwa zinamalungu amabini asisiseko: i-eriyali kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla. I-eriyali yiyo ejongene nokuthumela kunye nokufumana ulwazi ekubhekiswa kulo. Umthombo wamandla unokuba zombini iibhetri kunye neepaneli zelanga. Oku kuyimfuneko kumatshini ukuze uqhubeke nokusebenza.
Iindidi zeesathelayithi ezingezizo ezokwenziwa
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, zimbini iintlobo zeesathelayithi ezijikeleza umhlaba. Zezi zilandelayo:
- Indawo yokuma komhlaba: Zizo ezihamba kwicala elisempuma-ntshona ngaphaya kweIkhweyitha. Zilandela ulwalathiso kunye nesantya sokujikeleza komhlaba.
- Ingca: Babizwa njalo kuba bahamba ukusuka kwipali enye ukuya kwenye kwicala elisentla-mzantsi.
Ngaphakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zisisiseko sineentlobo ezithile zesathelayithi ezinoxanduva lokujonga kunye nokujonga iimpawu zomoya, ulwandle kunye nomhlaba. Ziqwalaselwa ngegama leesathelayithi zendalo. Banokwahlulwahlulwa ngokweentlobo ezithile ezifana zii geosynchronous kunye neheliosynchronous. Ezokuqala zezi zijikeleza iplanethi ngesantya esifanayo nokujikeleza komhlaba. Imizuzwana yile idlula yonke imihla ngexesha elinye kwindawo ethile emhlabeni. Uninzi lweesathelayithi ezisetyenziselwa unxibelelwano ngocingo lwemozulu zii-geosynchronous.
Inkunkuma yendawo kunye neempembelelo
Asinakukhanyela ukuba iisathelayithi ezingezizo ezomntu zibuphucule ubomi babantu kude kube ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, isathelayithi inokuchithwa emoyeni xa ibuya. Emva kokuphelisa ubomi bayo obuluncedo okanye ukuqokelela yonke idatha eyimfuneko, unokukhetha okuninzi. Ingabuya kwaye ichithakale emoyeni okanye inokuba yindawo engabalulekanga kuba ihlala ijikeleza umzimba wasezulwini ngaphandle kokuwusebenzisa. Kwimeko apho isathelayithi iphantsi, ithambekele ekubeni ichithakale ingene kumoya ojikeleze umhlaba kwiindawo ezahlukileyo.
Inani elikhulu leesathelayithi ezingezizo ezinyikima iplanethi ngaphandle kwento eluncedo kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto le seti yesathelayithi ibizwa ngokuba yijunk yesithuba. Iisathelayithi ezingezizo ezokufakwa kwi-orbit zibalulekile ebomini kuluntu. Oku kubangela ifuthe elihle emntwini. Siyabulela oku, sinokuphonononga ezinye iiplanethi, sibone iimeteorite, siqwalasele ubomi eMhlabeni kwaye sifumane ulwazi malunga nokuguquguquka kwemozulu kwendawo ethile kwiplanethi.
Ukusuka kwimbono yezoqoqosho kunye nonxibelelwano, zikwasetyenziselwa ukufumana umabonwakude, unomathotholo, intanethi kunye nomnxeba. Namhlanje besingenakuphila ngaphandle kwabo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neesathelayithi ezingezizo ezokwenziwa.