Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeentaba ezidumileyo ezenza umqobo wendalo phakathi kweFrance neSpain. Imalunga ne- Iipyrenees. Uluhlu lweentaba olwahlula usingasiqithi weIberia kuyo yonke iYurophu. Ziyenye yeentaba ezaziwa kakhulu kuyo yonke iYurophu kwaye yenye yeentaba ezibalaseleyo ehlabathini. Iyaziwa ngegama likaPyrénées ngesiFrentshi, iPirineus eCatalan nasePirinioak okanye i-Auñamendiak eBasque.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, imvelaphi, izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana zasePyrenees.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ime emazantsi-ntshona eYurophu kwaye wonke lo mmandla ubandakanya ilizwe elincinci laseAndorra. Igama leentaba livela kuPirene oyinkosazana kwiintsomi zamaGrike owayethandwa nguHercules. Ngokuhamba kwexesha ezi ntaba ziye zafumana ukubaluleka ngakumbi nangakumbi kunye nokubaluleka kwinkcubeko yabantu abajikelezileyo. Hayi kumabali abo kuphela, kodwa nakwimisebenzi yabo. Kulisiko kwiiPyrenees ukwenza idlelo lokudlula komzimba apho iinkomo zisuka ezifama ziye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zeentaba ngexesha lasehlotyeni.
Namhlanje siyazi ukuba omabini amacala ePyrenees ziindawo ezithandwayo kakhulu zokuzonwabisa kunye nokunyusa intaba. Indawo ekhuselweyo yendalo eneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana. E-France kukho iPyrenees National Park enolawulo oluphezulu lokukhusela indalo. Yintoni ekujongwe ukuyigcina bubutyebi bendalo njengoko indalo inokwenzeka.
Kuwo wonke uhla lweentaba kukho ngaphezulu kweencopho ezingama-50 ezigqitha iimitha ezingama-3.000 ukuphakama. Ikhonkco leentaba linobude obumalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-491 phakathi kweFrance, iSpain neAndorra. Yenziwe ngamatyathanga amabini ahamba ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona ukusuka emantla oLwandle lweMeditera ukuya kwiBay yaseBiscay. Kunokuthiwa yonke inkqubo yeentaba isebenza ngokuthe ngqo. Yahlulwe ngokwamacandelo amathathu: empuma, embindini nasentshona.. Uninzi lweencopho eziphakamileyo zihlala zifumaneka kwicandelo eliphakathi.
Incopho inkulu yiAneto enobude obuziimitha ezingama-3.404. Ilandelwa yiPosets incopho, ineemitha ezingama-3,375 zokuphakama, kunye neMonte Perdido, enobude bayo ziimitha ezingama-3,355. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindawo ezisezintabeni ezinamatyala afanayo, ukuphuhliswa komkhenkce kubuthathaka. Kukho ezinye kwingingqi eseNtshona nasembindini kodwa akukho namnye kwicala lasempuma. Nangona ingazinzanga, inqanaba lekhephu lingahluka ngokweendawo. Ngokuqhelekileyo inokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-2.700 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.
Ziintaba ezinamacala amakhulu kwaye azitsalwa yimilambo emide kakhulu. Eyona nto ibalaseleyo ngeePyrenees kukuba banemiqolomba emininzi kunye nemilambo engaphantsi komhlaba.
Ukuyilwa kunye nemozulu yeePyrenees
Kumbindi wePyrenees sifumana imeko yemozulu eyomileyo nebandayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwimimandla esempuma sinehlobo elisoloko lifudumele kakhulu. Icandelo lasentshona lichaphazeleka ngakumbi yimisinga yomoya efumileyo evela kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantic. Ukutyhubela iminyaka ukhukuliseko lweearhente ezahlukeneyo kunye nokungabikho kobukho bezinto ezinkulu okanye ezibalulekileyo zomkhenkce kwenza ukuba umphezulu weentaba ubune. Nangona kunjalo, bebelondoloze ubungakanani babo amawaka eminyaka. Ungabona imiwonyo, amathambeka anamatye kunye neethafa ezithile ze-karst ezenza imbonakalo yelizwe ibe yeyazo ngokwenene.
Kweminye imimandla yamacandelo aphezulu kuye kwenzeka ukubona imiqondiso emidala yokunqaba okungenzeka kushiye ubungqina xa sibona ukwakheka kweentsika kunye neentlambo ngohlobo lwe-U. Siyakhumbula ukuba iintlambo ezingohlobo lwe-V ziqhelekile imilambo kunye nezo zimile U kwaye ziyiziqhamo zomkhenkce. Kukho imithombo yamanzi ashushu atyebileyo kwizimbiwa.
Ngokubhekisele ekubunjweni kwayo, ezinye izidalwa zifunyenwe kwiiPyrenees ezivela ePaleozoic naseMesozoic. Nangona kunjalo, Ukuvela kwayo kwe-geological kubuyela kwi-Precambrian. Ukusekwa kwayo kungenxa yokungqubana kwe-Iberia encinci kunye nenxalenye esemazantsi yesitya se-Eurasian. Zombini zaqala ukushukuma zisondelelana de zangqubana. Ngenxa yengozi, uqweqwe lwenyuka kwaye uluhlu lweentaba lwenziwa. Oku kwenzeka malunga ne-100-150 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.
Indawo esembindini yePyrenees ibandakanya iSlate kunye negranite amatye abo amalunga neminyaka engama-200 ezigidi ubudala Ikwenziwe ngelitye lekalika, ilitye lentlabathi, idolomite, kunye nezinye iintlobo zamatye e-sedimentary.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zasePyrenees
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, iiPyrenees zineentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zeRita ekujongwe ukuba zigcinwe. Zijikeleze iintlobo ezingama-3.500 200 zezityalo ezihlala kunye, ezingama-XNUMX kuzo zikhona. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo zahlukile kwindalo kwaye zixabiseke ngakumbi kulondolozo. Kuba imvula ininzi kakhulu kwicala lasentshona ngenxa yempembelelo yeAtlantiki, siyabona ukuba utyani luchwayitile. Kwelinye icala, iiPyrenees ezisempuma azikwazi ukumelana nenani elikhulu leentlobo.
Iintyatyambo zePyrenees zenziwa ngamahlathi kunye namadlelo alpine apho ezinye iintlobo zibalasele, njengeCarrascan oki, i-oak ephantsi, ilitye lepine kunye nomjunipha. Phakathi kwezinye zeentlobo ezikhethekileyo ezikhoyo kule ndawo sinesityalo seXatardia.
Ngokubhekisele kwizilwanyana, imelwe ikakhulu yi-Iberia desman. Kukwakho nezinye iibhere, kunye ne-Iberia lynx, ixhalanga elineentshebe, inetyt yasePyrenean, amabhabhathane Erebia Rondoui kunye nemollusk UHelicella nubigena.
Qoqosho
Kukho imigodi ye-iron, amalahle kunye ne-lignite deposits ezinqabileyo kwimithombo yezimbiwa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo. Uqoqosho lwale ndawo lusekwe ikakhulu emithini nasezingceni. Abanye Imijelo isetyenziselwa ukwenza izityalo zombane. I-Talc kunye ne-zinc ikhutshiwe apha. Iidolophu ezikufutshane zisebenza ikakhulu kwezolimo kunye nemfuyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nePyrenees kunye neempawu zayo.