Sele sithethile ngezihlandlo ezimbalwa malunga nemiba emibi yongcoliseko lweplastiki elwandle naselwandle. Kule meko, siza kugxininisa ukuthetha malunga iinyembezi zemermaid. Ezi ziiplastiki ezincinci ezimile okweperile ezidla ngokubhidwa zizilwanyana ngokungathi kukutya. Oku kubangela iingxaki ezinzulu kwizilwanyana zaselwandle neelwandle.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga neenyembezi ze-mermaid, iimpawu zabo kunye nobungozi.
zithini iinyembezi ze mermaid
Ungcoliseko lweenyembezi lwe-mermaid lunezinto ezininzi ezingalunganga. Into ephambili kukuba, ngenxa yobukhulu babo obuncinci kunye nemibala eqaqambileyo, izilwanyana ezininzi zaselwandle zidibanisa ngokutya. Ebizwa ngokuba ziinyembezi ze-mermaid, okanye "nurdles" ngesiNgesi, ziibhola ezincinci zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa lishishini ukwenza yonke into ukusuka kwiibhotile ukuya koomabonakude. Yinto ekrwada yezinto zonke ezenziwe ngeplastiki, "izitena" apho le nto yenziwe khona.
Zincinci, iinyembezi ze-mermaid ziphambuka ngokulula. Emva koko umzi-mveliso uyanyibilika uze uzibumbe zibe ziimveliso ezahlukahlukeneyo. Eyona ngxaki inkulu kukuba, kanye ngenxa yokuba bancinci kakhulu, bahlala belahleka. Nokuba kungenxa yolawulo olulambathayo lwezothutho okanye ukonganyelwa kwemveliso, ezinye zezi bhola zilahlekile kwaye ziphelela emilanjeni naselwandle.
Oko kuthethi, kusenokungabonakali kunzulu. Ingxaki kukuba kukho iinyembezi ezininzi ze-mermaid ezihanjiswa kwaye zisetyenziswe ngokusisigxina ukuba iibhiliyoni zeebhola zeplastiki baphelela elwandle.
Iinyembezi zikanomlawu zingumfuziselo wengxaki yolwandle. Ulwandle lukhalela iplastiki, hayi iimermaids. Eli gama ngenene libhekisa kuhlobo longcoliseko olungaziwayo, kodwa ngokude lolona bungozi bunzulu kulwandlekazi. Iinyembezi ze-mermaid ziiperile zeplastiki ezincinci eziphela kumanzi olwandle, zingcolisa i-ecosystem.
Ezi bhola zeplastiki, ezikwaziwa njenge "pellets", ziphakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-5 mm ngobukhulu kwaye ziyimathiriyeli ekrwada esisiseko yokwenza iimveliso zeplastiki. Zihlelwa njengee-microplastics eziphambili, njengeeperile ezisetyenziswa kwishishini lokuthambisa. Zenzelwe ukuba zibe lo bukhulu ngesizathu, kwaye kungenxa yokuba kulula ukuthutha kwifektri, leyo iyakunyibilikisa izigidi zamasuntswana egrabile ukuvelisa izinto ezinkulu, ezinjengeebhotile zeplastiki. Ngoko ke, akufanele kudideke kunye ne-microplastics ekhutshwe ngokungcola kunye nezinto ezinkulu.
Ingxaki ngezi microplastics eziphambili kukuba iinyembezi ezininzi ze-mermaid azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo wokugqibela kwaye ziphelela elwandle. Ulawulo olulambathayo lothutho kunye nokulungiswa kwezi perile ezincinci kuthetha ukuba izigidi zeeperile zikhutshelwa ngokungeyonjongo kumanzi angenawo amanzi kunye netyuwa.
Ukutya okunetyhefu kwizilwanyana zaselwandle
Ubukhulu bazo obuncinane, ukumila kwazo ezingqukuva, kunye nemibala eyahlukahlukeneyo ezenza zibe zizinto ezinomtsalane kubomi baselwandle, ekugqibeleni zibaphazamisile njengamaqanda eentlanzi namaxhoba amancinane. Ngoko, babambelela kwizinto eziphilayo zezinto eziphilayo, nangona kunjalo bengenazo izondlo. Kunoko, kongezelelwa ingxaki kuloo meko. Ukubunjwa kwepolymeric kwezi ntsimbi zeplastiki kuvumela izinto ezingcolileyo eziqhubekayo (POPs) esele zikhona emanzini ukuba ziqokelele kumphezulu wawo.
Ukongeza, banokufakwa koloni ngama-microorganisms ayingozi kubantu nakwizilwanyana zaselwandle. Ke baphela sele beyibhombu yexesha lokuphawula, hayi nje kuba sele bemele ungcoliseko. Kodwa ngenxa yezinto ezinobuthi kunye ne-microorganisms eziqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu wazo. Ziyingozi kangangokuba ukubamba ulusu lwabantu abangcolisa iilwandle kuyingozi kakhulu.
Imeko iba yinkxalabo ngakumbi xa sibala inqanaba longcoliseko oluphuma kwiinyembezi zemermaid ezilahlwa elwandle ngonyaka ngamnye. Ushishino lweplastiki kuqikelelwa ukuba lukhutshelwe elwandle ngempazamo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-53 yeebhiliyoni zee-nanoparticles ngonyaka. Kwaye ukuyibeka kwimeko, kufuneka kuthiwe le mali yanele ukwenza i-88 yezigidi zeebhotile zeplastiki.
ingozi yeenyembezi ze-mermaid
Ezi ziibhola zeplastiki ezincinci phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-5 mm ububanzi, ihlelwe njenge-microplastics eziphambili kunye ne-microspheres ezisetyenziswa kwizinto zokucoca kunye nezinto zokuthambisa. Eminye, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-microplastics yesibini, ayincinci ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa isiphumo sokuthotywa kwamaqhekeza amakhulu. Kodwa kutheni ubukho babo buxhalabisa kangaka? Ngokufuthi zinemibala eqaqambileyo, zibonwa lula zizilwanyana zaselwandle, ezidla ngokuziqwenga, ziphazama ngokutya. Nje ukuba zidliwe, zinokuba yingozi ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izinto ezenziwe ngazo ziyityhefu ngokwemvelo, ingakumbi xa ziqokelelana kwizinto eziphilayo.
Kwelinye icala, imilo yabo kunye ne-porosity ibenza babe luhlobo lwesiponji olunokuthi lubambe iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezinobungozi, kubandakanywa iikhompawundi ezingcolisayo ezikhoyo emanzini kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ze-pathogenic. Umzekelo, kukho ezinye iimeko ze-nudles eziye zavavanyelwa i-E. coli, ibhaktheriya ehlala idibene nosulelo lomgudu womchamo okanye ityhefu yokutya, phakathi kwezinye izifo.
Ezi bhola zincinci zibonakala zingenabungozi zinokuba yingozi, ngoko kuyacetyiswa kubantu abavolontiya ukucoca iilwandle ezinxibe iiglavu phambi kokuba uzichukumise. Ngoko yintoni ababengayi kuyenza ngezilwanyana zasemanzini ezabaqwengayo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezathi kamva bazitya?
Ukubala iinyembezi elwandle
Kwabaninzi, lo ngumbuzo ongaziwayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iiprojekthi zenziwe ezifana ne-Marine Conservation Society okanye i-Scottish Environmentist Fidra, ephuhlisa amanyathelo ajolise ekunciphiseni inkunkuma yeplastiki kunye nongcoliseko lweekhemikhali kwiilwandle, iilwandle kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Zombini izigqeba zizinikele ekukhuthazeni intsebenziswano yoluntu ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana ne-Global Maps, ekhuthaza amavolontiya avela kwihlabathi lonke ukuba afake i-nanoparticles efunyenwe ngexesha elithile kwiilwandle zabo.
Kule ngqokelela kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze izibalo zefriji, njengoko iibhiliyoni ezingama-53 zala masuntswana mancinci aqokelelwa e-UK minyaka le, into eyaneleyo ukwenza i-88 yezigidi zeebhotile ezisetyenziselwa enye. Ngokuphathelele eSpeyin, kukho idatha yomsebenzi wamavolontiya kwiilwandle zaseBalearic Islands, eCanary Islands, eValencia, eGalicia, eCantabria, e-Asturias, eCatalonia nasentshonalanga yeAndalusia. Kule, idatha eyona nto ixhalabileyo yayiyi-Playa Flamenca e-Valencia, apho i-nanoparticles engaphezu kwe-1.000 iqokelelwe kwimizuzu ye-60.
Amanye amazwe, afana neMexico kunye namazwe amaninzi aseLatin America, akanalo idatha, ngoko kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu ukuba amavolontiya azimisele ukucoca iilwandle zawo kwaye anike ulwazi malunga neenyembezi ze-mermaid ezifunyenwe kwinkqubo. Nabani na ofuna ukusebenzisana kufuneka afunde indlela yokwahlula amasuntswana amancinane kwamanye amasuntswana amancinane, njengale microplastics yesibini, granules, polystyrene amasuntswana okanye iifosili ezincinci. Nje ukuba uqonde umahluko, konke okufuneka ukwenze kukubeka iiglavu ezilungileyo kwaye uye elunxwemeni ukukhangela ezi zinto zincinci zeplastiki.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neenyembezi ze-mermaid kunye nobungozi bazo.