Iindidi zekartz

iintlobo zekartz

I-Quartz yeyona minerali ininzi kumhlaba, ibonakaliswa ziindidi, iimilo kunye nemibala, eyenza ukuba ibe nomtsalane kakhulu kwaye ixabiseke. Ngenxa yokwahluka kwayo kunye nokwahluka kwayo, inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Kukho ezahlukileyo iintlobo zekartz kwaye zinokusetyenziswa okwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kumbala nakwindlela ezakhiwe ngayo.

Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-quartz ezikhoyo kwihlabathi kwaye zeziphi ezona mpawu ziphambili.

Liquka ntoni?

yikristale ukuyilwa

I-Quartz inenxalenye enye yejeli ye-silica kunye namacandelo amabini eoksijini. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwazo, zichasene kakhulu kwaye zineempawu ezenza ukuba le minerali ibe yinto efanelekileyo yezixhobo ezinje ngeewotshi okanye izixhobo zokuhambisa amaza kanomathotholo. La matye akholelwa ukuba anokuphilisa, ukukhusela kunye namandla okulawula amandla. Impucuko yakudala enje ngamaYiputa, ama-Aztec namaRoma ayisebenzisa kwizacholo nakumakhubalo kuba bakholelwa ukuba inamandla okuphilisa umzimba nengqondo kunye nokuxhathisa amandla amabi.

I-Quartz ibonakala phantse naphi na emhlabeni kwaye iza ngemibala eyahlukeneyo. Ziqala ukusuka ekuhleni ukuya kwi-opaque ngokupheleleyo, kwaye nganye nganye ithathwa njengenentsingiselo eyahlukileyo.

Ngokwendlela eyakhiwe ngayo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-quartz, nangona ezona zidumileyo zi-amethiste, citrine kunye ne-quartz yobisi, ethathelwa ingqalelo kwi-gemology. Yintoni egqithisile, Kukho iintlobo ze-quartz ezithathwa njengamatye anqabileyo ngaphandle kwexabiso eliphantsi. Ngokubanzi, ezi zihlelwa ngokweendidi zazo zeekristallites, oko kukuthi, umbala wazo. Ezinye zezona ziqhelekileyo zezi:

  • I-quartz emhlophe emhlophe, eguqukayo okanye ephantse yaqaqamba.
  • Iiglasi ezitshayiweyo, iithoni eziselubala nezingwevu.
  • I-quartz ye-Citrine, i-yellow kunye ne-orange ekhanyayo.
  • I-Amethiste, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi okunombala omfusa.
  • Irose quartz, ngenxa yobukho bealuminium.

Iimpawu zeentlobo ze-quartz

iintlobo ze-quartz ngemibala

Phakathi kwezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-quartz ezikhoyo sinoku kulandelayo:

  • Iglasi yeQuartz yeyiklasi yesilicates, ngakumbi ii-tectosilicates.
  • Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali ezinyulu zihambelana ne-silicon dioxide (SiO2), eyinxalenye yesilicon kunye namacandelo amabini eoksijini.
  • Ibonakaliswa bubunzima bayo obuphezulu be-Mohs ye-7.
  • Ubuninzi bayo okanye ubunzima bayo bufana kakhulu nexabiso eliphakathi lomhlaba, ophakathi kwe-2,6 kunye ne-2,7 yeegramu ngeesentimitha zetyhubhu.
  • Inenkqubo ephambili yekristale engqinelana nenkqubo yekristal enamacala.
  • I-luster yayo ifana kakhulu neekristal zeglasi.
  • Ukuqaqamba kwayo okanye ukungafihli nto kuyadlula okanye kungafihli nto, ukuze ukukhanya kudlule ngokulula kwiglasi.
  • Okokugqibela, umbala wayo onemigca awunambala okanye awukho kwaphela.

Iindidi zekartz

ziikristale zendalo

Iindidi ze-quartz zibhekisa kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-quartz, umahluko kuphela kukuba ubumdaka ekwakhiweni kwekhemikhali ngekristale bohlukile, kodwa ubume beekhemikhali bokuqala be-quartz (SiO2) busekhona. Ukwahluka kobume bemichiza kunika i-quartz imibala eyahlukeneyo.

I-quartz yekristali

I-quartz yeCrystalline zonke iintlobo ze-quartz, zibonakala njengeekristali ezakhiwe kakuhle kunye neepasile ezibonakalayo, oko kukuthi, apha ungayibona ngokucacileyo imilo yequartz nazo zonke iimpawu zayo.

Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yeli qela ziikristale zekartz (ziikristale zamatye), amasuntswana ezimbiwa afunyenwe ngegranite kunye nelitye lentlabathi, kunye nequartz efumaneka kwimithambo.

I-Cryptocrystalline okanye i-microcrystalline

Eli qela lenziwa zizimbiwa ze-quartz, ezenziwa ziikristale ze-quartz ezincinci, oko kukuthi, ezi kristali azibonakali ngamehlo, kodwa xa zizonke zenza uhlobo lwe-quartz ye-microcrystalline. Eli qela lidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-chalcedony.

Imvelaphi kunye nokwakheka kwamatye

I-Quartz yeyona minerali ininzi kumhlaba, kungoko isetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuhlelwa kwamatye angenanto, amatye e-sedimentary kunye namatye e-metamorphic. Imvelaphi yayo, igenesis kunye nokwakheka kwayo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubume bendawo ehambelana nayo. I-quartz eyila amatye ifunyanwa ixubana nenani elikhulu leeminerali kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamatye, iyenza ukuba ibe yinxalenye yokwenziwa kweekhemikhali zamaminerali kunye nokwakheka kwamatye.

Kumatye angenanto, i-quartz ikhazimla nzulu kwimagma kwaye iyinxalenye yegranite, diorite, granodiorite, njl. Iindidi ze-quartz crystallite zinokuphazanyiswa ukusuka kukupholisa ngequbuliso kwelava kunye nezinto ze-pyroclastic, umzekelo, I-quartz yinxalenye ye-rhyolite, ipumice okanye i-dacite. Okokugqibela kwi-las rocas sedimentarias los granos de cuarzo van ukuba ivela kwi-disgregación, meteorización, erosión ethunyelwe apho desde otro tipo de rocas hasta engqinelana ne-nueva roca sedimentaria.

I-quartz ye-Hydrothermal

I-quartz ye-Hydrothermal luhlobo lwe-quartz edityanisiweyo evela kwisilicon dioxide kulwelo lwehydrothermal, kwaye inxulumene ngokubanzi neentlobo ezithile zedipozithi zamaminerali okanye imithambo ye-hydrothermal okanye iidipozithi zezimbiwa ngendlela yemithambo. Uninzi lwale mithambo ye-quartz ihlala inomdla kuphononongo lwe-geological ngenxa yokuba inokuba nezinyithi ezinomdla ezifana negolide, isilivere kunye ne-zinc.

I-quartz ye-Hydrothermal yindibaniselwano yemagma equlathe amanzi kunye neekristali ezenza udaka. Le nkqubo ivela kubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kunye noxinzelelo olungaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye amanzi anokunyibilikisa iiminerali ezahlukeneyo. Njengokuba ubushushu be-magma buyehla, ulwelo olushiyekileyo yi-quartz kunye namanzi, esi sisombululo sihamba ngokutyhoboza ilitye elijikelezileyo, apho iphola khona kwaye iqala ukuqina ngokukhawuleza.

Le nkqubo inokwenza iikristali ze-quartz ezintle, kunye ne-garnet, i-calcite, i-sphalerite, i-tourmaline, i-galena, i-pyrite, kunye neekristali zesilivere negolide. Omnye wemizekelo ebonakalayo yolu hlobo yiamethiste, eyi-quartz emfusa emfusa. Umbala unokuba mkhulu okanye ungaphantsi, kuxhomekeke kwisixa sesinyithi (Fe + 3) esikuyo. Oku kwenziwa kumalungu esisombululo esityebileyo kwi-iron oxide, kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-300 ° C, baya kubonisa umbala omfusa.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neendidi ze-quartz kunye neempawu zazo.


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