Las iintaba Zizinto ezinkulu ezibanzi zeentaba ezidibeneyo, ezisebenza ngokubanzi njengemida yomhlaba phakathi kwamazwe. Zivela kwiindawo apho umhlaba utshintsha khona ngenxa yokuhamba kwamacwecwe eteknoloji, abangela ukuba i-sediment icinezele, inyukele kumphezulu womhlaba kwaye ivele kwiintaba ezahlukeneyo. Iintaba zihlala zineencopho. Ukuphakama kwezidumbu kungathatha imilo eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, ezinjengeentaba, amabanga, iinduli, iintaba, okanye imiphetho.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga neentaba, ukubunjwa kwazo, imozulu kunye neentlobo.
Ukusekwa kweentaba
Iintaba zenziwa kukuhamba kwamacwecwe eteknoloji yomhlaba, athi ke adibane, asongeke, aze agungqe ade aphakame ngaphezulu komhlaba. Izidanga ezibekwe kumphezulu zichaphazeleka zizinto zangaphandle, ezinje ubushushu obuphezulu, ukhukuliseko lomhlaba womoya, ukhukuliseko amanzi, njalo
Iintaba zinokuveliswa ukusuka ekuphakameni kwamanzi. Injalo imeko yesiqithi saseHawaii kunye neziqithi ezikufutshane, ezenza inkqubo yeentaba emazantsi olwandle, kwaye iincopho zazo zibonakala ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle ukwenza iqela leziqithi.
Eyona ntaba iphakamileyo ehlabathini ifunyenwe yayinguMauna Kea eHawaii. Ihlala ngaphakathi intaba-mlilo eleleyo eyatshona kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Kukho iimitha ezili-10.203 ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, kodwa ukuphakama ziimitha ezingama-4.205. Eyona ntaba iphakamileyo ngokwenqanaba lolwandle yiNtaba i-Everest, iimitha ezingama-8850 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.
sezulu
Ukuphakama koxinzelelo lomoya, ioksijini encinci iyafumaneka.
Imozulu yentaba (ekwabizwa ngokuba yimozulu ye-alpine) iyahluka ngokwendawo, ubume bendawo, kunye nokuphakama kweentaba. Imozulu ejikelezileyo ichaphazela amaqondo obushushu entaba ukusuka ezantsi kwentaba ukuya kubude obuphakathi, ukuphakama kwencopho yentaba, kokukhona kuthelekiswa kakhulu nemozulu yengingqi.
Ukusuka kwi-1.200 yeemitha ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle, iqondo lobushushu liya libanda kwaye lifumile, kwaye imvula ininzi. Uxinzelelo lomoya luyancipha ngenxa yokunyuka kokuphakama, okuthetha ukuba uxinzelelo lomoya luyehla, kwaye kunzima ukuba izinto ziphefumle njengoko zinyuka.
U mzekelo
I-sierra yindawo esecaleni yentaba encinci ebekwe kuluhlu olukhulu lweentaba. Iintaba ebonakaliswa kukuphakama okungafaniyo okanye okwahlukileyo kakhulu, kodwa ukuphakama okuphakathi.
Umzekelo yiSierra Negra, eMexico, ephakathi kwamazwe aseVeracruz nasePuebla (eyinxalenye yeentaba ezintsha zeVolcanic). Inentaba-mlilo engasekhoyo kwaye iyintaba yesihlanu ephezulu elizweni enobude obuziimitha ezingama-4.640. Yindawo enkulu yabakhenkethi yokuhamba ngeebhayisikile kunye nokunyuka intaba.
Iintaba zeAndes
IAndes yeyona ntaba yesibini iphezulu emva kweHimalaya. Yinkqubo yeentaba eMzantsi Melika. Yeyona ntaba inde emhlabeni, enobude obupheleleyo beekhilomitha ezingama-8.500 kunye nokuphakama komndilili weemitha ezingama-4.000, lolwesibini udidi oluphezulu lweentaba emva kweHimalaya. Incopho yayo ephezulu yiAconcagua, eyi-6,960 yeemitha ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle. Ime kwindawo eneenyikima kunye nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo.
IiAndes zenziwa kwiMesozoic Era. Iyandiswa ukusuka kumda wangoku waseVenezuela waseTáchira ukuya eTierra del Fuego eArgentina (ngeColombia, e-Ecuador, ePeru, eBolivia naseChile). Uhambo lwakhe lwaqhubeka emazantsi, esenza intaba engaphantsi kwamanzi ebizwa ngokuba yi "Arco de las Antillas del Sur" okanye "Arco de Scotia", ezinye zeencopho zayo zavela elwandle ukwenza iziqithi ezincinci.
zeHimalaya
Ukuphakama komndilili weeHimalaya yi-6.100 m. Ime eAsia kwaye lelona chungechunge lweentaba liphezulu emhlabeni. Phakathi kweentaba ezininzi eziyiyilileyo, iNtaba i-Everest ime kakuhle, yeyona ndawo iphakamileyo emhlabeni kwiimitha eziyi-8.850 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle, kwaye ngenxa yemiceli mngeni emininzi equlethwe yiyo, ibe luphawu lwabantu abanyukayo kwihlabathi liphela.
IiHimalaya zenziwe malunga nezigidi ezingama-55 zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Isolula iikhilomitha ezingama-2.300 ukusuka emantla ePakistan ukuya eArunachal Pradesh (eIndiya), iskirt iTibet kulo lonke uhambo. Ukuphakama kwayo okuphakathi ziimitha ezingama-6.100.
Iinkqubo ezintathu zamanzi eziphambili zaseAsia zazalelwa kwiiHimalaya: i-Indus, iGanges kunye neYangtze. Le milambo ikwanceda ukulawula imozulu yomhlaba, ngakumbi kumbindi welizwekazi laseIndiya. IiHimalaya zihlala kwizindlu ezininzi zomkhenkce ezifana neSiachen (eyona inkulu emhlabeni ngaphandle kwemimandla esecaleni), iGangotri kunye neYamunotri.
Ezinye iintaba
Siza kuchaza ezinye zeentaba ezibaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi:
- Uluhlu lweNtaba iNeovolánica (Mexico). Yinkqubo yeentaba eyenziwe ziintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo nezingasebenziyo, ukusuka eCabo Corrientes kunxweme olusentshona ukuya eXalapa naseVeracruz kunxweme olusempuma, ukuwela umbindi weMexico. Ezona ntaba ziphakamileyo ezinje nge-Orizaba (5.610 yeemitha), Popocatépetl (5.465 yeemitha), Istachivat (5.230 yeemitha) kunye neColima (4.100 yeemitha). Uninzi lweentlambo zalo kunye nezitya zalo zisetyenziselwa ezolimo, kwaye umhlaba otyebileyo wesinyithi uqukethe isilivere, ilothe, i-zinc, ubhedu kunye ne-tin.
- IiAlps (iYurophu). Yeyona nkqubo ibanzi yeentaba kwi-Yurophu eseMbindini, yenza i-arc yeentaba ezili-1.200 ubude ezisuka empuma yeFrance ziye eSwitzerland, e-Itali, eJamani nase-Austria. Iincopho zayo ezininzi zingaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3.500 1.000 ukuphakama kwaye ziqulathe ngaphezu kwe-XNUMX lomkhenkce. Ukutyhubela imbali, uninzi lweemonki zamaKristu ziye zahlala kwiintaba zeAlps zifuna uxolo.
- Iintaba zeRocky (North America). Uluhlu lweentaba oluvela kwiKholamu yaseBritane emantla e-Alberta naseCanada ukuya emazantsi eNew Mexico. Ubude bebonke ziikhilomitha ezingama-4.800 kwaye iincopho zazo zimalunga ne-4.000 yeemitha ukuphakama. Inezinto ezibalulekileyo zomkhenkce ezinje ngeDinyoody neGooseneck, ezincipha ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza ngenxa yobushushu behlabathi.
- IPyrenees (eSpain naseFrance). Yinkqubo yeentaba eqhubeka ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona phakathi kweSpain neFrance (ukusuka eKapa Cruz kwiMeditera ukuya kwiiNtaba zeCantabrian) kwaye inabela ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-430. Ezona ntaba ziphakamileyo zisembindini weentaba kwaye zingaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3.000 3.404 ukuphakama, ezinje ngeAneto (3.375 yeemitha), iPosets (3.355 yeemitha), iMonte Perdido (3.350 yeemitha) kunye nePico Maldito (2700 yeemitha). Okwangoku, inamaqhekeza omkhenkce amancinci abekwe ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-XNUMX ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neyona ntaba inkulu ehlabathini kunye neempawu zazo.