Nanamhlanje, iItali lilizwe elinentaba-mlilo. Nangona abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba iintaba-mlilo zabo ziphelile, babonisa umsebenzi wabo ngamaxesha athile ngokubonakala okucacileyo. Enyanisweni, igama elithi "volcano" alithethi nje ukuqhuma kunye nokuhamba kwe-lava, idla ngokuba yindawo evulekileyo emhlabeni apho kuqhuma khona igesi, i-lava, kunye nezinye izinto. Intaba-mlilo, echazwa “njengephela/yaphelayo”, akufuneki ukuba ibonise naluphi na uhlobo lomsebenzi kangangamawaka eminyaka. Kukho ezahlukeneyo iintaba-mlilo eItali zombini esebenzayo kunye nengasebenziyo.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuze sikuxelele yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga neentaba-mlilo e-Italiya, iimpawu zazo kunye nesimo sangoku.
iintaba-mlilo eItali
EItali sifumana iintaba-mlilo ezi-3 eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
IVesuvius – Naples/Campania
Le ntaba-mlilo sisiphumo sokuwa kwentaba-mlilo enkulu ngakumbi, efikelela kubude obuziimitha ezili-1.280. Ime kunxweme olusempuma lweBay yaseNaples kwingingqi yaseCampania. Idume ngogqabhuko-dubulo oloyikekayo ngowama-79 AD Engcwatywe ngokupheleleyo iPompeii kunye neHerculaneum zafunyanwa kwiinkulungwane kamva kwaye namhlanje zinokutyelelwa kuyo yonke imo yazo ekhethekileyo.
Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwayo lokugqibela lwenzeka ngo-1944, kodwa iVesuvius ibisoloko iphantsi kolawulo njengoko ithathwa njengeyona iyingozi kakhulu kwiintaba-mlilo zaseItali, kwaye namhlanje abantu abangaphezu kwama-700.000 bahlala kumathambeka ayo, ezahlulwe zaba ziidolophana ezili-19. Iindawo ezithile zeVesuvius zinokutyelelwa, kwaye kukho ukhenketho olucwangcisiweyo oluninzi oluvela eNaples ukuyindwendwela, sicebisa ukuba ubuze kwiofisi yabakhenkethi ngolwazi malunga nalo.
Etna – Catania/Sicily
Intaba-mlilo ikumntla wesixeko saseCatania kummandla waseSicily; kunye neemitha ezingama-3000, Yeyona inkulu ehlabathini kwaye yenye yezona ziphakamileyo eYurophu. Ukuqhuma kwayo kokugqibela okukhulu kwenzeka ngo-2008, xa ikhupha inani elikhulu le-lava kunye nomlotha (umlotha ovela kwelinye ukuqhuma ngo-2007 sele ufikelele kwisixeko saseMessina). Olunye ugqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu lwakutsha nje lulo olwatshabalalisa idolophu yasePiano Provenzana ngo-2002 kunye nedolophu ekufutshane ngo-1969. Umsebenzi wabo waqhubeka kancinci njengoko kwakhutshwa izinto zepyroclastic.
I-Etna inokutyelelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokhenketho, ngakumbi ukusuka kwisixeko saseCatania, ngolwazi oluthe kratya sincoma ukubuza kwiofisi yabakhenkethi.
Iimpawu zayo zejoloji zibonisa ukuba i-Etna Volcano iye yasebenza ukususela ekupheleni kwe-Neogene (oko kukuthi, i-2,6 yezigidi zeminyaka yokugqibela). Le ntaba-mlilo ineziko lomsebenzi ezingaphezu kwesinye. Iicones ezininzi zesibini zenza kwiintanda ezinqamlezileyo ezisuka embindini ziye emacaleni. Isakhiwo sangoku sentaba sisiphumo semisebenzi ubuncinane amaziko amabini amakhulu okuqhuma.
Kumgama omalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-200 kuphela, udlula kumaphondo aseMessina, eCatania naseSiracusa, kukho iipleyiti ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zetectonic ezineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamatye, ukusuka kumatye e-metamorphic ukuya kumatye avuthayo kunye nentlenga, indawo yokuthotywa, iimpazamo ezininzi zengingqi. IMount Etna, iintaba-mlilo ezisaqhushumbayo kwiZiqithi zeAeolian, kunye neendawo eziphuma kwintaba-mlilo yamandulo kwithafa leeNtaba ze-Iblean.
Stromboli – Aeolian Islands/Sicily
IStromboli sesinye seziqithi zeAeolian Islands, kuLwandle lwaseTyrrhenian. Le ntaba-mlilo yaziwa ngokuba ihlala isebenza, kunye nokubonakaliswa okuqhumayo okuqhubekayo, kwezinto kunye nothuthu, kunye ne-lava.Yiyo loo nto yaziwa njengenye yezona ntaba-mlilo zininzi ehlabathini. Yaziwa kakhulu kwicala elingasentla-ntshona elaziwa ngokuba yi "Sciara del Fuoco".
Iintaba-mlilo ezincinci eItali
Kukho ezinye iintaba-mlilo eItali ezithi, nangona zincinci, zikwabalulekile. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zayo kunye nokuba zithini:
Iinkalo zePhlegraean
Lo mmandla wentaba-mlilo umi kumntla-ntshona weNaples. Iimingxuma ezininzi ziye zafunyanwa apha, ezinye zazo sele zingamachibi. Namhlanje, le ndawo ibonakaliswe yimisebenzi yesibini efana nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwegesi yendalo, imithombo eshushu kunye ne "solfatara".
Ischia
Esi sisiqithi sentaba-mlilo kuLwandle lwaseTyrrhenian, sijongene neGulf of Naples, yinxalenye evelayo yentaba enkulu yentaba-mlilo ephantsi kwamanzi. Kule mihla, isiqithi sihlala sibekwe esweni ngezixhobo ezithile kwaye sinemisebenzi yesibini efana ne-exhaust ducts kunye nomsebenzi we-thermal: yiyo loo nto. I-Ischia ibizwa ngokuba yindawo ebalulekileyo yokutyelela i-thermal, kwakhona enkosi ulwakhiwo enomtsalane.
I-Lipari
Esona siqithi sikhulu seAeolian Islands, ugqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu lokugqibela lwenzeka ngo-729 AD. C. ngaseMount Perato; baneendawo zokuphuma zelitye le-pumice kunye ne-obsidian, iglasi emnyama. Nangona umsebenzi wayo uncitshiswe kwimithombo ye-fumarole kunye nemithombo eshushu, intaba-mlilo ayinakuqwalaselwa njengephelile.
I-Pantelleria
Esi siqithi sikumbindi woLwandle lweMeditera, kumzantsi-ntshona weSicily. Ugqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu lokugqibela lwenzeka kwiNtaba iFaustner ngowe-1891.
Collie albani
Ezi nduli ziyinxalenye yomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo kummandla waseLazio, kumzantsi-mpuma weRoma. Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwazo lokugqibela lwenzeka kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba luhlobo oluthile lwentaba-mlilo engacimiyo.
Isiqithi saseFerdinanda
Esi sisiqithi sentaba-mlilo esavela emva kogqabhuko-dubulo luka-1831, siphakathi kweSicily nePantelleria. Isiqithi esincinane saza sakhukula, safika kunyaka olandelayo, saza santywila kwakhona. Namhlanje, incopho yayo imalunga neemitha ezi-6 ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle.
iintaba-mlilo ezingasekhoyo okanye ezileleyo
Abaphengululi bacinga ukuba i-volcano esebenzayo ayisebenzi kuphela kunye nomsebenzi wokuqala okanye wesibini, kodwa nabo banokuphinda baqalise umsebenzi wabo wangaphambili.
Iintaba-mlilo ekungafuneki ukuba ziphinde ziqalise ukusebenza ngokusekwe kukhangelo lwejoloji nolwenyama zithathwa njengezingasekhoyo. Kolu didi luluhlu lweentaba zaseVulsini, icrater yalo namhlanje iLake Bolsena kwiphondo laseViterbo (kwingingqi yaseLazio).
Iintaba-mlilo ezileleyo yiRocca Montfina, kwindawo ekumntla-ntshona weCampania, kunye neziqithi zaseProcida kunye neVivara ekupheleni komntla-ntshona weGulf of Naples.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neentaba-mlilo zaseItali kunye neempawu zazo.