Nangona onke amanzi eplanethi efanayo, inene umntu wahlule la manzi aba ziilwandle neelwandle ngokweempawu zamanzi afanayo kunye nendawo ahlala kuyo. Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukwahlula bhetele izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, izibonelelo zendalo kunye nejografi. Zininzi iilwandle zehlabathi ngaphaya kweelwandle ezisixhenxe ekwakucingwa ukuba zezakudala. Nganye kuzo ineempawu zayo kwaye kukho ezinye ezinkulu kunezinye.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neelwandle ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi kunye neempawu zazo eziphambili.
Iilwandle zehlabathi
Ulwandle yindawo yokuhlala yamawaka eentlobo kunye nendawo ehamba ngayo iinqanawa. Uluhlu lwazo lukhulu kakhulu, lukhulu kakhulu kunomphezulu womhlaba, kwaye ziseneemfihlakalo ezininzi. Iilwandle kwaye zikufuphi kumashalofu elizwekazi. Ishelfu yelizwekazi kulapho izixa ezikhulu zemithombo yendalo kunye nezendalo zifunyanwa. Yindawo ekufutshane namazwekazi njengoko ilizwi layo libonisa.
Uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kwiplanethi yethu zikulwandle lwehlabathi. Kananjalo, ngokuchasene nenkolelo edumileyo, yimiphunga yokwenene yomhlaba. Kubantu, ziindawo zokuzonwabisa, zokuzonwabisa kunye nokucamngca. Umthombo oqhubekayo kodwa ongapheliyo wamanzi onokufikelela kumakhaya kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Ngenxa yokuloba, zikwayinto ebalulekileyo kwisondlo selizwe. Ikwasisiseko semisebenzi yabakhenkethi kwaye izise izibonelelo ezininzi kumazwe afana neli lethu.
Ukuba besinolwandle lwehlabathi olwahlulwe lizwekazi, sinoluhlu olunje:
- Yurophu: I-Adriatic, iBaltic, i-White, i-English Channel, i-Cantabrian, i-Celtic, i-Alboran, i-Azov, i-Barents, i-Friesland, i-Ireland, i-Marmara, i-North, i-Aegean, i-Ionia, iMeditera, iMnyama kunye neTyrannian.
- AmericaIArgentina, iHudson Bay, iBeaufort, iCaribbean, iChilean, iCortés, iAnsenuza, iBering, iChukotka, iGrau, iGreenland, iLabrador, iSargasso neGreat Lakes.
- Asia: Mthubi, isiArabhu, mhlophe, iCaspian, Andaman, Aral, Band, Bering, Celebes, South China, East China, Philippines, Japan, Okhotsk, East Siberia, Sulu, Inland Seto, Kara, Laptev, Dead and Red.
- Afrika: IAlboran, iArabia, iMeditera kunye neBomvu.
- IOceania: Ukusuka eArafura, Ukusuka eBismarck, Ukusuka kwiCoral, kwiiPhilippines, Ukusuka eHalmahera, Ukusuka kuSolomon, Ukusuka eTasmania, nakwiTimor.
Olona lwandle lukhulu lukhulu emhlabeni
Ukongezwa, kukho uluhlu lweelwandle ezi-5 ezinkulu emhlabeni. Oku kulandelayo:
- Ulwandle lwaseArabhiya nge 3.862.000 km²
- UMzantsi woLwandle lwase China nge 3.500.000 km²
- ULwandle lweCaribbean nge 2.765.000 km
- ulwandle lasemediterranean nge 2.510.000 km²
- Ulwandle lweBering nge 2.000.000 km²
Siza kunika iinkcukacha kancinci ukuba zithini iimpawu zolwandle olukhulu.
Ulwandle lwaseArabhiya
Ukugubungela indawo ephantse ibe zizigidi ezi-4 zeekhilomitha, uLwandle lwaseArabhiya lolona lwandle lukhulu emhlabeni. Ikwabizwa ngokuba luLwandle lwe-Oman kunye noLwandle lweArabia. Ime kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya. Unobunzulu be phantse i-4.600 yeemitha kwaye inonxweme eMaldives, India, Oman, Somalia, Pakistan nase Yemen.
Ulwandle lweArabia luxhumene noLwandle Olubomvu nge-Bab-el-Mandeb Strait kwaye idityaniswe kwiPersian Gulf ngeGulf of Oman.
Ezona ziqithi zibalulekileyo ziiLaccadive Islands (eIndiya), Masira (Oman), iSocotra (Yemen) kunye neAstora (Pakistan).
UMzantsi woLwandle lwase China
Ukugubungela indawo eyi-3,5 yezigidi zeekhilomitha, uLwandle lwaseTshayina loMzantsi yindawo yesibini ngobukhulu elwandle emhlabeni. Ime kwilizwekazi laseAsia, uninzi lwazo ziziqithi ezingumbandela wengxabano phakathi kwamazwe aseAsia. Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu ezijamelene nolwandle kukuphulukana kwendalo. Oku kulahleka kubangelwa kukuloba kakhulu kunye nenkcubeko yabantu baseAsia yokutya iintlanzi eziluhlaza. Ezi ndawo zityebile kwiintlanzi zazo zonke iintlobo kwaye zichaphazeleka kukuloba ngokugqithileyo.
Kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo umba ombi njengokungcola. Masingakulibali ukuba i-China yenye yezona zinto zingcoliseko lomoya kunye nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma. Ungcoliseko lwamanzi kwezi lwandle luphezulu kakhulu.
ULwandle lweCaribbean
Ngaphandle kweziqithi zegolide ezineesanti ezimhlophe ezininzi kunye nemithi yekhokhonathi elunxwemeni, uLwandle lweCaribbean lolunye lolwandle olunzulu kakhulu emhlabeni, lufikelela kubunzulu beemitha ezingama-7,686. Ukusuka kwimbono yolwandle, lulwandle oluvulekileyo lwetropiki. Enye yeendawo ezinezinto ezininzi eziphilayo kunye nolwandle olucocekileyo. Ngesi sizathu, iye yaba yenye yezona ndawo zaziwa ngabakhenkethi kwihlabathi liphela. Unyaka emva konyaka, amawaka abakhenkethi aya kwesi siqithi unyaka wonke.
Iilwandle zaseSpain
ESpain sinezilwandle ezi-3 kunye nolwandle olungumda usingasiqithi. SinoLwandle lweMeditera, uLwandle lweCantabrian, uLwandle lweAlboran kunye noLwandlekazi lweAtlantic.
ulwandle lasemediterranean
Lo mmandla wolwandle unamanzi amaninzi, amele i-1% yamanzi olwandle ehlabathi. Umthamo wamanzi ziikhilomitha ezingama-3.735 ezigidi zeekhyubhi kwaye ubunzulu bamanzi buyi-1430 yeemitha. Inobude obupheleleyo beekhilomitha ezingama-3860 kunye nommandla opheleleyo we-2,5 yezigidi zeekhilomitha. Zonke ezi zixa zamanzi zivumela iipeninsula ezintathu zasemazantsi eYurophu ukuba zihlambe. Ezi peninsula yiIberia, Peninsula yase-Italiya kunye neBalkan Peninsula. Ikwahlamba nakwipeninsula yaseAsia eyaziwa ngokuba yiAnatolia.
Igama leMeditera livela kumaRoma amandulo. Ngelo xesha kwakusithiwa yi "Mare nostrum" okanye "uLwandle Lwethu". Igama leMeditera livela kwisiLatin Medi terraneum, oko kuthetha ukuba liziko lomhlaba. Eli gama labizwa ngenxa yemvelaphi yoluntu, kuba babesazi kuphela umhlaba ojikeleze le ndawo yaselwandle. Oku kubenza bacinge ukuba iMeditera liziko lehlabathi.
Ulwandle lwaseAlboran
Oku kunokuba yinto enkulu engaziwayo emanzini aseSpain, mhlawumbi ngenxa yomgangatho wayo omncinci xa kuthelekiswa namanye amanzi. Ulwandle iAlboran luhambelana neyona ndawo isentshona yoLwandle lweMeditera kwaye ziikhilomitha ezingama-350 ubude ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona. Ububanzi obuphezulu ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi ziikhilomitha ezili-180. Ubunzulu obuqhelekileyo ziimitha ezili-1000.
Ulwandle lwaseCantabrian
Ulwandle lwaseCantabrian ziikhilomitha ezingama-800 ubude kwaye lunobunzulu obuphezulu beemitha ezingama-2.789. Ubushushu bamanzi butshintsha ukusuka ku-11ºC ebusika ukuya kuma-22ºC ehlotyeni. Ulwandlekazi lweAtlantic luhlamba unxweme olusemantla eSpeyin kunye nolona ntshona lusempuma kunxweme lweAtlantiki lwaseFrance. Olunye lweempawu zoLwandle lwaseCantabrian ngumoya onamandla ovuthuzayo, ngakumbi emantla ntshona. Imvelaphi yale mikhosi yenzeke kwiiBritish Isles kunye nakuMantla oLwandle.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neelwandle ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi kunye neempawu zazo.