Igama elithi hemisphere ligama lesiGrike elisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kuso nasiphi na isiqingatha somhlaba. Kukho iiyantlukwano ezininzi ezichongiweyo phakathi kwezi zimbini, kubandakanywa iiyantlukwano zejografi, ngeenkwenkwezi, kunye nemozulu phakathi kwe-hemispheres. I iihemispheres zomhlaba Kukho ezimbini: i-hemisphere engasentla kunye ne-hemisphere esemazantsi. Ngamnye kubo uneempawu ezizodwa kodwa ziyafana ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu kunye nezandiso ezinkulu zomkhenkce zilawula.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga ne-hemispheres yomhlaba kunye neempawu zabo.
IHemispheres of the Earth: umahluko
IJografi
Umntla weikhweyitha ubhekisa kwisiqingatha somntla weikhweyitha yoMhlaba, ngelixa isiqingatha esisemazantsi sisisiqingatha somzantsi weikhweyitha. UMntla weIkhweyitha ufumaneka kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuMntla Merika, phantse kulo lonke elaseAsiya, nakuninzi lweAfrika. Le hemisphere iqulethe yonke iAntarctica, kumazantsi eAsia, malunga nesinye kwisithathu seAfrika. lonke elaseOstreliya namalunga nama-90 ekhulwini kuMzantsi Merika. Kakade ke, iNorth Pole ikuMntla weIkhweyitha kwaye iSouth Pole yeyona isemazantsi.
sezulu
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kumahluko phakathi kweehemispheres ezimbini yimozulu.. Kukho ubudlelwane, ikakhulu ekwabiweni komhlaba kufuphi nolwandle; ummandla womhlaba kwi-hemisphere esemantla mkhulu kwaye ummandla wolwandle kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi mkhulu. Olu lulwazi olubalulekileyo ngenxa yezizathu ezingaphezu kwesinye.
Okokuqala, okwenzekayo kummandla osemantla kukuba ubushushu obuvela emhlabeni kunye nolwandle buyaphola ngemilinganiselo eyahlukileyo: umhlaba uyafudumala kwaye uphole ngokukhawuleza. Okwesibini, kukho iintaba ezisebenza njengekhaka kwizaqhwithi nakwimimoya ebhudla ngamandla. Ngeli xesha, kuMazantsi eHemisphere, iAntarctic Circumpolar Current iqukuqela ngaphandle kwesithintelo kwilizwekazi. Imozulu ejikeleze i-Antarctica inzima xa ithelekiswa, njengoko kungekho mhlaba wokukhusela emoyeni.
Izulu
Omnye umahluko phakathi kwe-hemispheres esemantla nakumazantsi kukuba kwi-hemisphere esezantsi inyanga ayixoki: kumntla we-hemisphere, xa inyanga i-C-shaped, i-waxing, kwaye xa i-D-shaped, i-waxing. Kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi, okuchaseneyo yinyaniso: u-C uthetha inyanga kwaye i-waxing kwaye u-D uthetha ukuba iyaphela. Kukho isizathu esiqondakalayo soku, njengoko kukho enye imbono yesibhakabhaka ebusuku kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi kunye neendawo ezininzi zeenkwenkwezi.
Amaxesha onyaka
I-hemispheres ezimbini zinamaxesha ahlukeneyo ehlobo nasebusika, okukhokelela kumaqondo obushushu amaninzi awohlukeneyo kwiindawo ezisemazantsi nakumantla kanye ngexesha elinye lonyaka. KuMntla weIkhweyitha, ihlobo lisusela kwinjikalanga yasehlotyeni (ngoJuni 21) ukusa kwi-equinox yasekwindla (ngoSeptemba 21). Ubusika budla ngokubakho ukusuka nge-21 kaDisemba ukuya kwi-20 kaMatshi. Kwelinye icala, ihlobo kumazantsi eikhweyitha iqala ngoDisemba 22 yaye ebusika ukususela ngoJuni 21 ukuya kuSeptemba 21.
Iimpawu ze-hemispheres zoMhlaba
Iimpawu zomntla we-hemisphere
I-Hemisphere yaseMntla ibonakaliswe njengequlethe uninzi lomhlaba owenzeka eMhlabeni kwaye likhaya kuMbindi Merika, iYurophu, uMntla Melika, kunye noninzi lwe-Asiya ne-Afrika, kubandakanywa neziqithi ezincinci eOceania. Ezinye iimpawu ezimele kakhulu zezi:
- Le ndawo imalunga ne-100 million square kilometers.
- Malunga nama-88% abemi behlabathi bahlala apho.
- KuMntla weHemisphere luLwandlekazi lwePasifiki kunye nenxalenye esemantla yoLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki. Ikwabandakanya iindawo ezincinci zeArctic kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya.
- Inxalenye yolwandle ye-hemisphere esemantla imele i-60% yendawo yayo yonke, ngelixa inxalenye yomhlaba imele i-40% yomhlaba wonke.
- Kumantla eikhweyitha, amaxesha onyaka onyaka achasene nalawo akumzantsi welizwe.
- Le yeyona ndawo unokufumana kuyo eyona ntlango ishushu kwaye kwangaxeshanye eyona ntlango ibandayo.
- Inyaniso enomdla kukuba kule hemisphere izinto zivame ukujikeleza ngasekunene, okubangelwa yimpembelelo yeCoriolis.
- Ipateni yayo yokuhamba komoya ibonakaliswe kwicala lewotshi.
Izikhululo zisisiphumo esithe ngqo sokuthambeka kwe-asis yoMhlaba yokujikeleza, eyenza i-engile emalunga nama-23,5 degrees. ukusuka kumgca we-perpendicular ukuya kwi-plane ye-ecliptic. Kunyaka wonke, iindawo ezininzi eMhlabeni zifumana amaxesha amane ahlukeneyo: ihlobo, ikwindla, ubusika, nentwasahlobo, ngalinye lihlala malunga neenyanga ezintathu.
Kodwa amaxesha onyaka kwi-hemispheres esemantla nakumazantsi ahlala ehlukile, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba ezi zibini zineenyanga ezintandathu ngaphandle, ngoko xa ujabulela ihlobo kwi-hemisphere esemantla, kubusika kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi, ngoko ke ipateni ihlala ifana. Apha ngezantsi kukho igrafu yomahluko kwimihla yamaxesha onyaka kwi-hemispheres esemazantsi nakumantla.
Iimpawu ze-hemisphere esemazantsi
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-hemisphere esemazantsi zezi zilandelayo:
- Lo mhlaba wenziwa ikakhulu ziilwandlekazi, kuba ibandakanya uninzi lwePasifiki nolwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, zonke iilwandle zomkhenkce zeAntarctic kunye nesiqingatha soLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki.
- Owona mhlaba mkhulu ukuMzantsi Merika.
- Ibandakanya ezinye iziqithi zaseAsia kunye noninzi lweOceania kunye neOstreliya ngaphakathi kwendawo yayo.
- Amaxesha onyaka achasene nalawo akumntla we-hemisphere.
- Malunga ne-10% yabemi behlabathi bahlala kwi-hemisphere.
- I-hemisphere ithathwa njenge "ihlwempu" ngenxa yezinga eliphantsi loshishino kunye nenani elincinci labantu abahlala kuloo ndawo.
- Kumazantsi eikhweyitha, ilanga lihamba linqumla isibhakabhaka ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona emantla.
- Isithunzi sale hemisphere sijikeleza ngokuchasene newotshi.
- Xa kuvela iinkanyamba kunye nezaqhwithi, zijikeleza kwicala lewotshi.
Ngokuphathelele amaxesha onyaka, kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu olubangelwa yi-axis yomhlaba luthetha ukuba alwenzeki ngaxeshanye kwii-hemispheres ezimbini, kodwa endaweni yoko. Ngoko xa enye ihemisfere isebusika, enye isehlotyeni, njalo njalo. Amaxesha onyaka apha nawo amiselwa yi-spring equinox kunye ne-solstice.
Enyanisweni, zombini i-hemispheres isebenzisa amagama asehlotyeni nasebusika, umahluko lixesha lonyaka ezenzekayo. Ihlobo nobusika zahlulwe ngeenyanga ezintandathu. Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba ukungafani kwexesha lonyaka kwi-hemisphere esezantsi kubangelwa ukuthambeka komhlaba, ngoko i-hemisphere esemazantsi ifumana amandla amancinci avela elangeni.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-hemispheres yomhlaba kunye neempawu zabo.