Yintoni i-biome?

Kumanqaku amaninzi nakumaxwebhu endalo igama elithi biome libizwa ngegama, kodwa, Yintoni i-biome? Kuvakala ngathi yinto yokwenza nezinto eziphilayo, into enokuyenza ngobomi (yiyo loo nto isimaphambili bio-). Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezulu kokunxulumene nebhayoloji kunye nesayensi yendalo, sisigama esisetyenziswa kwimozulu.

Ukwazi iimpawu zebiomes kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba kungale ndlela kuphela apho umntu anokuqonda ukuba zisebenza njani izinto eziphilayo.

Iyintoni inkcazo yebhayom?

IBiome ichazwa njengendawo eyijografi, ihlala inkulu ngobukhulu, apho kukho amaqela ezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezinokuhlala apho ngenxa yokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nendalo. Oko kukuthi, bayakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo ebangqongileyo nokuba kukho utshintsho kwiimeko.

Umahluko omisela indawo yokwabiwa kwezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ziimozulu. Iimeko ezidalwe yimozulu zezo zikhetha ukwenziwa kohlobo oluthile lomhlaba. Ngombulelo kuhlobo lomhlaba, unokuvelisa iintlobo ezithile zezityalo kwaye, ngokwahlukeneyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana zinokukhula. Ke ngoko, yimozulu emisela i-biome.

Iimpawu zeBiome

Ngoku ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni i-biome, masibone ezona mpawu zayo zibalaseleyo. Ngenxa yesenzo somntu kunye iziphumo ezibi zotshintsho lwemozulu, kukho utshintsho kwiimpawu zemozulu. Njengoko utshintsho lwenzeka kwimozulu nakwiindawo ezithile apho izilwanyana nezityalo zikhula kakuhle, zinokuba semngciphekweni. Uninzi lweentlobo ezihlala kwezi ndawo Bayakwazi ukuziqhelanisa kwaye baphile kwiimeko ezintsha kunye neemeko ezintshaKodwa, ngelishwa, ayizizo zonke iintlobo ezinokulungelelaniswa okufanayo kwaye ziyafa.

Iibhayomes zichaphazela ngokubonakalayo imeko yendalo. Xa i-biome likhaya kwinani elikhulu labantu bohlobo oluthile, banokulawula ezinye iintlobo kwaye babenze balwe ukuze baphile. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba kwi-biome kuncinci intlobo ezithile zezityalo, kwaye kukho izilwanyana ezizifunayo njengokutya, oku kuya kuba oyena nobangela uphambili Ukusinda kohlobo lwesilwanyana. Yiyo loo nto imeko ye-biomes ubomi bezinto ezininzi eziphilayo.

Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda kwaye wazi yonke into enokwenzeka malunga nezi biomes kuba iintshukumo zabantu zinokutshintsha ukulingana kwendalo yezinto eziyila. Zininzi iintlobo ezihlala kwi-biome kwaye uninzi lwazo sinolwazi oluncinci malunga nendlela yazo yokuphila, njl. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba sizigcine kunye nezo sizaziyo kwaye siyazi ukuba zisebenza njani kuba ezinye zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kwii-biomes, nangona ezinye zizinto eziphilayo ezinkulu kwaye ezinye zincinci kakhulu, zixhomekeke kakhulu komnye komnye.

Ukuze i-biome yamkelwe ngoluhlobo, zininzi izinto eziguquguqukayo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Into yokuqala kukuba imeko yemozulu yendawo ivavanywe kuba azinakubakho izinto ezininzi eziguquguqukayo. Kwelinye icala, ulwabiwo lobume bendawo ethile ichaphazela ii-biomes eziyenzileyo. Lo nto Kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukufumana uhlobo lokuziqhelanisa nesilwanyana okanye isityalo ukuze uqhubeke nokukhula kwi-biome. ngaphandle kotshintsho olunokwenzeka kuyo ngenxa yezenzo zomntu nezendalo. Kukwabalulekile ukuba sazi ukulungelelaniswa kohlobo ngalunye kuba asibhekiseli kuphela kutshintsho olwenzeka emzimbeni kodwa nakwinguqu kwindlela yokuziphatha. Ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zinokufundwa ukuze ukwazi ukwazi izikhombisi eziphambili ukubona ukuba umntu ophilayo uyakwazi njani ukumelana notshintsho kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa ngaxeshanye zidibene, zisebenza ukuze zikwazi ukwenza ii-biomes ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo emhlabeni. Sithi zahlukile, kuba izityalo zizinto eziphilayo ezahlukileyo kunezilwanyana, ezinendlela yokuziphatha eyahlukileyo neyomzimba. Into edibanisa ezi zibini kukuba iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo zixhomekeke kwizilwanyana ukuze zenze impova kwaye zisasaze imbewu yazo kwaye izilwanyana zihlala zixhomekeke kwizityalo ekutyeni.

Ukubaluleka kwee-biomes

Kuluntu lwanamhlanje, oluhlala ezidolophini kwaye lunamashishini, kunzima ukubona ukubaluleka kwezityalo emhlabeni. Abantu abaninzi abakholelwa ukuba izityalo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo emhlabeni. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo eyenza ukuba izityalo zibaluleke ebomini bethu yile ngaphandle kwabo, ubomi bezilwanyana eMhlabeni buya kufa. Oko kukuthi, izilwanyana ezidla utyani azinakondla kwaye ngenxa yoko izilwanyana ezizidlayo azinakuba nokutya. Ikhonkco liza kwaphuka kunye nokusebenza kwendalo kwendalo kungatshatyalaliswa. Oko kuya kusichaphazela nathi. Oko kukuthi, sisebenzisa izityalo ezininzi ukufumana izondlo kwimpilo yethu kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Kodwa sisebenzisa izilwanyana, yiyo loo nto izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zibalulekile kubomi bomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, izityalo zodwa, uninzi lwazo, zinokuphila ngaphandle kwezilwanyana.

Kuya kufuneka sitsho nokuba enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka siziphile ukuze siphile ioksijini. Oku kuveliswa zizityalo, ngoko ke sinesinye isizathu sokuthetha ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu ebomini emhlabeni. Ibonwe ngenye indlela, izityalo zifuna icarbon dioxide ekhutshwa zizilwanyana ukuze zikwazi ukwenza ifotosinthesize. I-photosynthesis yinkqubo ephambili kuzo zonke iintlobo zezityalo kunye nobomi bezilwanyana kwaye, ewe, zethu.

Iimpawu ezimisela i-biomes

Izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ezichonga izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezihlala nakweyiphi na into amaqondo obushushu nemvula. Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani beqondo lobushushu kunye namanqanaba emvula onyaka akhoyo kwi-biome, inani leentlobo ezinokuhlala apho ziya kuxhomekeka.

Kufuneka sikhankanye ukhuphiswano phakathi kweentlobo njengenyathelo lokumisela kwi-biome. Iindidi ezininzi zezilwanyana nezityalo azinakuhlala kwi-biome ethile kuba ezinye iintlobo ziyazithintela. Amaxesha amaninzi bakhuphisana ngokutya kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nentsimi.

Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekusindisweni kweentlobo zezulu yimozulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto singazifumani ii-biomes ezinje Iintlango kunye namahlathi emvula. Imozulu inalo lonke ulawulo phezu kwento eza kuphila ikhule nakweyiphi na into ekhoyo kwaye oku kungatshintsha kuxhomekeke kukujikeleza komhlaba, yiyo loo nto ezinye iindawo zinamaxesha emvula kwaye ngamanye amaxesha onyaka zishushu kwaye zomile. .

Kufuneka senze idinga ukuze Utshintsho lokusingqongileyo olwenzeka kwii-biomes ezinokuthi zitshintshe ibhalansi yendalo kwaye asinakulilawula. Sithetha ngeziganeko zendalo zoluhlu olungaqhelekanga njengeziphepho neenkanyamba. Ezi zinto zinokuyiguqula ngokupheleleyo imeko ye-biome kwaye zibangele utshintsho kwimozulu enokuthi ichaphazele ukuba iintlobo ezithile zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezihlala kuloo biome azisakwazi kuphila.

Iindidi zebhayolo ezikhoyo emhlabeni

Kwiplanethi yoMhlaba zininzi iibhayom ezikhoyo. Ngamnye uneempawu ezizodwa kunye nezikhethekileyo ezenza ukuba bahluke kwezinye. Kukwakho neentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezenza umahluko. Ukucacisa ukuba kutheni ezinye iintlobo zihlala kwindawo ethile hayi kwenye, iimpawu kunye nokusebenza kweebhayom ziphandwe kakuhle.

Okukhona sisazi malunga neebhayom, kokukhona sinokuqonda ngcono ukuba iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zixhomekeke kwelinye ukuze lisinde. Ngaphambili besikhankanyile ukulungelelana kwendalo. Le ntsalela Kubalulekile ukuba iintlobo zigcinwe zikwimeko entle kwaye banokuwenza umsebenzi wabo kunye nezinye iintlobo kunye ne-ecosystem.

Ngokuhlela ii-biomes kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, singachaza ukuba kutheni izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zikhona kwiindawo ezithile zehlabathi kwaye kutheni kungenjalo kwezinye. Senza uluhlu oluncinci lwee-biomes ezikhoyo kwiplanethi yethu.

Ii-biomes zomhlaba

Ezi zii-biomes ezifumaneka emhlabeni kwaye ezingenanto yakwenza nolwandle okanye iilwandle. Ngokwesiqhelo, banentabalala yohlaza nangona benokwahluka okuninzi ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu abafumaneka kuyo kunye nobude nokuphakama. Ezona zaziwayo yitundra, ihlathi, ingca kunye nentlango.

Ii-biomes zetundra. Ingcaciso

Babonakala ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu kunye neemeko ezinzima kakhulu zokuphila kwezinto eziphilayo. Zimbalwa kakhulu iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezinokuphila kwezi ndawo. Bagubungela imimandla yeRashiya kunye neArctic. Abantu nabo banobunzima obukhulu ukuze bakwazi ukuhlala kwezi zinto ziphilayo.

Los amahlathi

Zifumaneka kwimimandla yetropiki neendawo eziphantsi kwetropiki. Bona luphawulwa isixa sabo esikhulu ukufuma. Kuzo imvula yonyaka ininzi kakhulu kwaye kukho ubutyebi obukhulu bezityalo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Iindidi zamahlathi eSpain

Ingca

Banobuninzi bezityalo, ingca kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo eziqhakazayo. Banexesha elomileyo kunye nelinemvula elinamaqondo obushushu awamkelekileyo kwaye azinzile unyaka wonke. Ngombulelo kwezi meko zizinzileyo, uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo zinokuhlala kakuhle kwezi zinto ziphilayo.

Intlango

Yeyona biome ishushu emhlabeni. Kukuchasene netundra. Iphawuleka ngeemeko zemozulu ezigqithileyo zamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nemvula encinci kakhulu. Emntwini kukho umngcipheko omkhulu womlilo ngenxa yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, yiyo loo nto iindawo ezininzi zisitsha ngenxa yokufuma okuncinci okukhoyo. Izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kwezi zinto zixhomekeke kukunqongophala kwamanzi kwaye zinendlela yokugcina ukuze zisinde.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Intlango yeAtacama, eyona ndawo yomileyo eMhlabeni

Amanzi acocekileyo

Ezi biomes zibonakaliswa kuba izinto eziphilayo zihlala emanzini amnandi. Ubomi bamanzi buninzi kakhulu kwaye iimeko zokuphila zahluke mpela kwezo ze-biomes zasemhlabeni. Izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kwezi ndawo zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi eziguqukayo. Ubunzulu bamanzi, ubushushu, ulawulo lwamanzi (Oko kukuthi, ukuba iyahamba okanye imile), njl.

Xa sithetha ngeebiomes zamanzi acocekileyo, sihlala sicinga ngemizimba emikhulu yamanzi ezo zilikhaya kwiintlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana. Kodwa akufuneki ibenjalo. Amanzi acocekileyo amachibi, imilambo, imilambo, amachibi kunye nemigxobhozo. Imigxobhozo ibaluleke kakhulu kutshintsho lwemozulu njengoko ilikhaya kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezalathisi ezibonisa utshintsho lwemozulu. Xa echibini okanye emlanjeni sibona iindawo ezigcwele ubulembu, sinokwazi ukuba kukho izinto eziphilayo emanzini kwaye zitya kuwo ukuze ziphile. Ubulawu zizalathi zeendawo ezinokufuma okuphezulu, kuba kufuneka ziphile.

Ii-biomes zolwandle

Ii-biomes zaselwandle zahluke ikakhulu kwii-biomes zamanzi amnandi kuba zibamba amanzi etyuwa. Phakathi kwazo sifumana iilwandle, iilwandle, amachweba kunye neengqaqa zekorale. Ibhayolo yaselwandle yeyona inkulu kwihlabathi liphela. Iingqaqa zekorale zichaphazeleka ngamandla ziziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu. Xa amaqondo obushushu elwandle enyuka (njengoko besenza okwangoku ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nokufudumala komhlaba), iingqaqa zekorale zihlaselwa "sisifo" esibizwa ngokuba kukukhanya. Iingqaqa zijika zibe mhlophe kwaye ziphulukene namandla azo okuvelisa kwakhona de zife. Xa kufa iingqaqa zekorale, zonke iintlobo ezinxulumene nazo kwaye ezixhomekeke ekusindeni nazo zichaphazeleka kakubi.

Namhlanje singafunda ubudlelwane bezinto eziphilayo kwezi biomes zaselwandle sibulela kuphuhliso lweetekhnoloji ezintsha (ezinjengeekhamera zangaphantsi kwamanzi) ezisivumela ukuba sibhale phantsi ulwandle nayo yonke into eyenzekayo kuyo.

Ii-biomes ze-Endolytic

Ii-biomes ze-Endolytic ziyaxoxwa ziingcali ukuba zinokuba yinxalenye yokwahlula okuhluke ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho oososayensi abaninzi abathi bafanelwe kukuhlelwa ngokwamacandelo esibanika wona. Olu hlobo lwe-biome lunokufumaneka kwezinye i-biomes kuba zibandakanya zonke iintlobo ze- iifom zobomi obuncinci.

Izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kwezi biomes zihlala zisenza njalo imingxuma yamatye nakwiindawo ekunzima kakhulu ukuzibona nokuzichonga, kodwa eziyimeko yobomi.

Ii-biomes ze-anthropogenic

Nangona ngalo lonke ixesha sithetha ngendalo esingqongileyo, ii-biomes, i-ecosystems, njl. Sithetha ngendalo, izilwanyana nezityalo, umntu Kubalulekile ukuyifaka njengoko ingoyena ndoqo wokuba iimeko zitshintshe kwii-biomes. Ezi biomes zibandakanya ezona ndawo ziguqulwe kakhulu ngabantu. Iindawo ezisetyenziselwa ezolimo nemfuyo zizinto ze-anthropogenic biomes. Ukuba izifundo zenziwa kweziphi izityalo ezikhula kakuhle kwaye zeziphi iindawo, ukutyala kungaphuculwa ukusuka kunyaka omnye ukuya kolandelayo kwaye ufumane izibonelelo ezingcono ngesivuno esikhulu nesinemveliso ngakumbi.

Kuxhomekeke kwimimandla yeplanethi esiyifundayo, sinokufunda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo ezikhulisiweyo nezithengiswayo. Ngokwandisa iimeko zendalo sinokwenza izityalo zibe ngcono kwaye zingabi nabungozi kangako. Oko kukuthi, ukuba siqhuba isifundo sokuba zeziphi iintlobo zezityalo ezikhula ngcono ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yendawo leyo kwaye siyityala, siya kufumana iziphumo ezingcono ngaphandle komzamo omncinci. Umzekelo, ukutyalwa kweentlobo zokunkcenkceshela ezifana neavokhado kunye neemango kwiindawo ezinemvula apho imvula iphantsi. Ukuba ezi ziqhamo zikhuliswe kwiindawo ezinemvula kwaye zifumile, isivuno esingcono siya kufumaneka ngeendleko ezisezantsi zemveliso, ngenxa yoko izibonelelo ezifumanekayo ziya kuba nkulu kwaye iimpembelelo kwindalo zingaphantsi (iimpembelelo kusetyenziso lwamanzi okunkcenkceshela kwiindawo ezinembalwa Imvula yonyaka).

Kubalulekile ukwazi uhlobo lolwalamano Ezinezityalo esizikhulisayo kunye nezilwanyana ezijikelezileyo. Ngale ndlela sinokwazi uhlobo lokulinganisela abanalo kwaye sikwazi ukusebenzisa ngaphezulu okanye kancinci izitshabalalisi.

Indoda, utshintsho lwemozulu kunye neebiomes

Xa sikhankanya umntu, kufuneka sichaze utshintsho lwemozulu. Asinakuyithandabuza into yokuba umntu uye wawuchaphazela kakubi umhlaba. Inkqubo ye- Iziphumo zobushushu bomhlaba Ziyanda intlekele kwindalo. Baye bonyusa ubushushu kwizinto ezininzi ezibandayo. Oku kubangela utshintsho kuluhlu kwiintlobo ezininzi ezifuna amaqondo obushushu asezantsi ukuze ziphile kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ukwanda kweendawo apho iintlobo ezithile ezifuna ubushushu obuphezulu zinokuphila.

Ngokufunda i-anthropogenic biomes ekhankanywe apha ngasentla, ithuba lokukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngendlela echanekileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo linokufumaneka ukuze ifuthe lincinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ikwasivumela ukuba senze izigqibo ezilungileyo malunga nokuba imisebenzi yethu yezoqoqosho inokubachaphazela njani abanye abantu abaphilayo.

Kungenxa yoko le nto ukwazi ii-biomes zeplanethi kubalulekile ukuba wazi ubudlelwane babantu bonke, zozibini izilwanyana nezityalo, kunye nathi nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo ezizalisa umhlaba wethu.