Imbalela yinto yendalo equka ukwehla kwemvula engaphantsi komndilili (into leyo ibiya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwingingqi) kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuncipha kobutyebi bamanzi obukhoyo, kokubini kumadama nasemifuleni. Ubuso baseSpain, buphela ngo-2017, ngembalela enkulu kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo.
Yintoni enokwenziwa yiSpain ukunqanda le meko?
Yeyona mbalela imbi
Ukunqongophala kwemvula kunciphisa amanqanaba emadama akumazantsi mpuma kwaye, ngokuothusayo, nakumantla ntshona. Amanqanaba ajikeleze i-30%, amaxabiso angazange abonwe ukusukela ngo-1990.
Amanzi athatywayo, ngaphandle kokubala kweemvula zokugqibela, ngamanqaku angama-20 ngaphantsi komndilili weminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo. Imozulu yaseSpain ibikhona kwaye iya kuhlala yomile, kunye nemijikelezo yembalela engaphezulu okanye engaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-3-4. Nangona kunjalo, le mbalela yeyona inkulu kwiminyaka engaphezulu kwama-20.
Le meko yokunqongophala kwamanzi iba buthathaka kwizitya ezinje nge IMiño-Sil, iSegura, iJúcar, iGuadalquivir ngakumbi kwiDuero, phantse i-30% ingaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo.
Ngenxa yobume bendawo yaseSpain kunye nomhlaba, imbalela iqhelekile. Ke ngoko, iipesenti ezingama-75 zommandla waseSpain unokuchaphazeleka yintlango. Kweli thuba lonyaka ka-1991-1995 kwakusele kukho isiqendu sembalela esifana nesi sinamaxabiso asezantsi kangako.
Le mbalela ibangelwe yimvula ephantsi ngo-2014 nango-2016, nalapho kunethe kangange-6% ngaphantsi komndilili. Ukongeza, imithombo inemvula encinci kwaye uthungelwano lonikezelo kubemi luphulukana phantse ne-25% yamanzi.
Kuzo zonke ezi zinto kufuneka songeze ukwanda kokhenketho phantse kuyo yonke indawo yaseSpain, bandile Iindawo zokunkcenkceshela kwaye, ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu aphakathi, kunjalo nangomgangatho wokonyuka kwamanzi.
Unyaka owomileyo kakhulu
Lo nyaka we-hydrological ophele ngo-Okthobha walo nyaka ubomile kakhulu ngokubanzi. Iindawo eziluhlaza kakhulu eSpain ezinje ngeGalicia, emantla eCastilla y León, indawo enkulu yeAsturias kunye neCantabria nazo ziye zancipha kakhulu kwimvula.
Iindawo ezomileyo zonyaka ngokungathandabuzekiyo yi-Extremadura, iAndalusia kunye neeCanaries. Kwezi ndawo zoluntu imvula ayigqithanga kwi-75% yexabiso eliqhelekileyo, esenza unyaka wesibhozo nemvula encinci ukusukela ngo-1981.
Ukusukela oko kwaqala unyaka omtsha we-hydrological (2017-2018), imeko iya isiba mandundu. Kwi-avareji yedatha ye-150 yeelitha kwisikwere semitha esiqhele ukuqokelelwa ukusuka ku-Okthobha ukuya kuNovemba, ngama-63 kuphela aqokelelweyo. Oko kukuthi, ngama-58% ngaphantsi kunesiqhelo.
Emva kwembalela
Kwindawo ezininzi zokugcina amanzi eSpain, iilali ziye zavela ezazingaphantsi kwamanzi ngenxa yenqanaba lamanzi asezantsi. Ezi dolophu bafakwa emanzini ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-60, Ngexesha lokudalwa kwamanzi amaninzi aseSpain. Ezinye zezi dolophu kunye nezikhumbuzo yicawa yakudala yaseSanta Eugenia de Cenera de Zalima kwindawo yokugcina amanzi iAguilar de Campoo (Palencia) kunye nedolophu yakudala yaseMansilla eLa Rioja.
Enye yeengxaki eziphambili ezibangelwa yimbalela yingxaki yokubonelela. Ukucinywa kwamanzi kuyafuneka ukuze sikwazi ukukhusela imithombo yamanzi ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Urhulumente uqinisekisa ukuba kwenziwa owona msebenzi uphezulu ukuthintela ukuthintelwa kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka, abanye abantu baya kuba neengxaki kunikezelo lwamanzi.
Njengoko ubona, ukusebenzisa kakuhle ukusebenzisa amanzi yenye yeentsika ezisisiseko zelizwe elihlala linengxaki yembalela. Ukuphulukana nama-25% kuthungelwano lonikezelo yonke le yinkunkuma esingakwaziyo ukuyivumela. Ukuthintela le meko, abemi kufuneka bafundiswe ukuze basebenzise okona kuluncedo kwaye kunqabile.