Siqhele ukunetha imvula esibhakabhakeni inyakamisa izitalato. Kodwa uya phi umlambo ofunxa umjelo? Njengomgaqo jikelele, amaziko okucoca amanzi amdaka. Kodwa eMadrid banenkqubo evumela amanzi emvula ukuba agcinwe kumatanki amanzi emvula ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwindawo yokucocwa. I idama lesiphango, itanki elikhulu lamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba elisetyenziselwa ukugcina amanzi emvula yokuqala, ikwalelona lingcoliseke kakhulu - libi nangakumbi kunelindle - kuba lithwala lonke ukungcola okuthe kwafumba ezitalatweni nakwithafa. Ngale ndlela, itanki inqanda isityalo sokucocwa kwelindle ukuba sigqithise umlinganiselo wokuqukuqela kwawo ubuninzi kwaye kufuneka sikhuphe yonke enye into enganyangwanga kumjelo wokufumana.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga nedama lesiphango kunye nokuba yintoni ukubaluleka kwayo.
Yintoni idama lesiphango
Ngeentsuku zemvula enkulu, amanzi angena kwi-sewers, kodwa ngenxa yomthamo wawo, akanako ukunyangwa ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, amanzi alinda kwitanki yesiphango de iyeke imvula. Emva koko zikhokelwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwiindawo zokucoca. Oku akuthinteli kuphela ukungcoliseka komlambo, kodwa kunye nezikhukhula ezinokwenzeka kunye nomonakalo wokusingqongileyo.
Amanzi ajongwa kwiitanki zamanzi emvula ngokusebenzisa abaqokeleli abakhulu abafikelela kwiimitha ezisixhenxe ububanzi, njengetonela elingaphantsi komhlaba. Ukongeza, ngaphambi kokufikelela kwitanki, amanzi adlula kuluhlu lwezihluzi ezibamba ukungcola okuqinileyo okufana neebhotile zeplastiki okanye ezinye iintlobo zezinto. Izinto ezininzi eziqinileyo ezifika namanzi emvula ziqokelelana emazantsi awo. Ziye zipheliswe ke ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokucoca.
KwiCanal de Isabel II sineetanki zamanzi emvula ezingama-65 ezigcina amanzi emvula ngaphambi kokuba acocwe. Xa bebonke banokugcina i-1,53 yee-cubic hektare. Iitanki ezimbini ezinkulu zesaqhwithi emhlabeni zikwafumaneka eMadrid. Ezi zizixhobo zeArroyofresno kunye neButarque. Ngamnye unokugcina ukuya kutsho kwi-400.000 cubic metres zamanzi, Amaxesha e-8 ngaphezu kwe-Retiro Pool.
Ngombulelo kolu hlobo lwamachibi amanzi emvula, iimvula zokuqala zigcinwa kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba de indawo yokucocwa inamandla okulawula. Akuba ecociwe, amanzi anokukhutshelwa abuyele emlanjeni kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwamanzi.
Stor Pond Operation
Ngexesha elomileyo, amanzi amdaka aya ngqo kwisikhululo sonyango. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lemvula, iisayithi zihlala zigqithisa umthamo, ngoko ke amanzi ahambayo ukusuka kwimvula ajoliswe kumachibi amanzi emvula kunye namanzi amdaka ngendlela eyaziwa ngokuba "yi-outfall." inkqubo enye "(DSU).
Idama lesiphango ligcina i-DSU de ibenokulawulwa kwisikhululo sokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka. Nje ngeziphumo, iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ezibangelwa sisigaba sokuqala sezehlo zemvula apho uninzi longcoliseko lugxininisekile ziyancitshiswa, ekubeni ingala manzi ahlamba izitrato, iimoto okanye ukuthutha inkunkuma kwanezilwanyana ezifileyo.
Izahlulo zedama leSitshi kunye nendawo
Itanki yesiphango iqukethe iinxalenye ezi-4:
- Igumbi eliphakathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, itanki ibekwe kumgca phakathi kwegumbi lokubamba kunye negumbi lokukhulula, liqondise amanzi amdaka ukusuka kwi-tank inlet ukuya kwindawo yokulawula ukuhamba.
- Indlu yokulinda. Indawo yokugcina impahla engasebenzisi intanethi yokugcina izaqhwithi zeSigaba soku-1 emva kokuba umthamo wegumbi eliphakathi ugqithiwe.
- igumbi lokunceda. Yalathisa amanzi esiphango agqithileyo kwindawo yokwamkela, ngoko inomgangatho othambekileyo kancinane ukuya kumbhobho ophumayo wetanki.
- Indawo yokomisa. Into yokulawula ukuhamba.
Idama lesivunguvungu linokufakwa kwichungechunge okanye ngokuhambelana.
- Ngokulandelelana. Amanzi alawulwayo echibini axutywa kunye namanzi amdaka angalawulekiyo, okukhokelela ekuxutyweni okuguquguqukayo kwamanzi amdaka kwindlela eya kwindawo yokucoca.
- Ngokunxuseneyo. I-dilution ihlala njalo kwaye ukuhamba kuyalawulwa.
IMadrid kunye neziseko zayo
Itanki yamanzi emvula yase-Arroyofresno e-Club de Campo yakhiwe yiBhunga lesiXeko saseMadrid ukuqokelela amanzi emvula kunye namanzi angcolileyo kunyango olulandelayo kwi-Viveros de la Villa yonyango.
Iziseko ezingundoqo zenzelwe ukuphucula amanzi oMlambo iManzanares nokuqokelela amanzi aqukuqela kummandla osemntla-ntshona wekomkhulu, notyalo-mali lwe-105 yezigidi ze-euro. Kwaye, xa yagqitywayo ngo-2009, yaba yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi kuMlambo iManzanares, incediswa ngamachibi angama-28 awongezelelweyo. Ndiyabulela kuloo nto, indawo yaseMadrid iphatha malunga ne-1,3 yezigidi ze-cubic metres zamanzi ngosuku.
Isakhiwo esichukumisayo asikho kuphela kumsebenzi kunye nobukhulu baso: Iimitha ezili-140 ububanzi, iimitha ezingama-290 ubude kunye neemitha ezingama-22 ubunzulu, nomthamo wama-400.000 ekyubhic mitha. (amatyeli asibhozo ubukhulu bokurhoxa). Kodwa nangenxa yokuba ikhumbuza iqula lama-Arabhu, uphawu olwenza ukuba libe ngasemva kwezinye iifilimu.
indlela eyilwe ngayo
I-parameter esisiseko yokumisela kwi-design ye-reservoir yamanzi emvula ngumthamo oyimfuneko wokugcina. Ngokubanzi, umthamo wogcino lwamanzi emvula kufuneka wanele amandla okuna kwemvula kwiilitha ezili-10 ngesekhondi ngehektare nganye kangangemizuzu engama-20 akuvelisi kukhutshwa msi.. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yimvula ebalulekileyo, kwaye ibangela ukuhlamba kokuqala kwesitrato kunye nokumiswa kwentlenga kumqokeleli.
Ukufumana imvula ephezulu kuneyona ibalulekileyo, itanki ayiyi kugcina umthamo opheleleyo wesiganeko semvula kwaye inxalenye iya kuphuphuma. I-tank yamanzi isebenza njengento yokugcina ukuhlamba kokuqala, ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke kumandla okuzicoca wendlela yokufumana.
Ngokomzekelo, njengomyalelo wobukhulu, kuqikelelwa ukuba umthamo wamagumbi okugcina umalunga ne-4 cubic metres ngehektare nganye kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezihlala kumantla eSpeyin, okanye malunga ne-9 cubic metres ngehektare nganye kwiindawo ezigqagqeneyo ezisemantla eSpain.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nedama lesiphepho kunye neempawu zalo.