Las icwecwe Ziziqhekeza ematyeni aziqhelekanga ukukhatshwa kukudilika komhlaba oko lilitye elimisela. Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba kukho ukwahlukana okuncinci okunqamlezayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo bahluke kwiimpazamo eziqhekezayo apho sinokufumana i-slippage yeebhloko. Amalungu zizakhiwo eziethe-ethe eziguquguqukayo zamatye azininzi ngendalo.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikela eli nqaku ukuze sikuxelele yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga ne-cleats, ukubunjwa kwazo kunye neempawu.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Njengezinye izakhiwo zejoloji, indlela yokudibanisa ichazwa ngeeparamitha ezimbini:
- Idilesi: I-angle eyenziwe ngumgca othe tye oqulethwe kwinqwelo-moya ye-articulation kunye ne-axis esenyakatho-esezantsi.
- Dipha: i-engile eyenziwe ngokudibeneyo kunye nengqikelelo yendiza ethe tye.
Ukudibanisa akufuneki ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo kucaba, kwaye akufuneki ukuba aphendule kuyo nayiphi na imilo yejometri eqhelekileyo, ngoko ke iiparitha ezibonisiweyo zingahluka ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye. Amalungu akaqhelekanga ukuba yedwa, kodwa anxulumene neempazamo kunye nokugoba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa kukho iiseti ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zamalungu, siyibiza ngokuba yinkqubo ye-articular okanye "inkqubo edibeneyo."
Ezona zilula zezi:
- Inkqubo yokucoca enxuseneyo: onke amalungu anendlela efanayo kunye nokuthambekela.
- Inkqubo edibeneyo esikiweyo: ii-cleats zineendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-engile, ngoko zisika kwiindawo ezithile. Imeko eqhelekileyo idla ngokuba yintsapho edibeneyo edibeneyo, apho ezimbini okanye ezintathu izikhokelo ezidibeneyo ziveliswa yinto efanayo yesakhiwo (i-deformation okanye i-compression).
Ukwahlula phakathi kwamalungu oxinzelelo kunye ne-distension joints, kuyimfuneko ukufunda i-axis ephambili ye-deformation yendawo okanye yengingqi, kuba i-joint ngokwayo ayikwazi ukubonelela ngolwazi olwaneleyo (i-groove okanye i-displacement). Kwimeko yokwandiswa kwamalungu, isalathiso seyona ntsapho ibalaseleyo idla ngokuba yi-perpendicular ukuya kwicala lokwandiswa, kanti kwi-compression joints, isalathiso se-acute bisector enqumla i-joint.
Iindlela eziManyeneyo
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni zinokuthi zenze, kubandakanywa amandla aqondisayo, njengamandla abangela iimpazamo zomhlaba okanye i-creases. Esinye sezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokubambisana kukwehla komthamo wezinto eziphathekayo (ubuninzi obuninzi), okunokuthi kwenzeke ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo:
- Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, njengentlenga ehlala emoyeni emva kokuntywiliselwa.
- Isikhenkcisi, njengeekholomu zebasalt. Zenziwa ngokuhamba kwe-basalt, xa i-lava iqina, ukuhamba kwe-basalt kuhlukana kwiiprisms (ukuhlukana kwekholomu) ngokupholisa okulandelayo. Indlela Yesigebenga eIreland, okanye iLos Órganos de La Gomera, yeminye yemizekelo emininzi eyaziwayo yeli tyala.
- Recrystallization. Ukuhamba kwexesha elithandwayo, kwizinto ze-geological, ukulungiswa kwakhona kweeamolekyu ezihlangeneyo zandisa ukwandiswa kwe-crystalline networks, ukwandisa ubuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo, ezihlawulwayo, njengakwiimeko zangaphambili, ngokubunjwa kweentanda.
- Ukuncipha. Ngomnye unobangela obalulekileyo wokudibanisa, njengalowo uchaphazela i-granite pluto evezwa ukhukuliseko. Yile ndlela ukwakheka okwenzeka kwiZiko laseSpain kubizwa ngokuba zii-ber mooes okanye ii-berrocales.
Ukubaluleka kokucoca
Imijelo ibalulekile kuba ilawula ipateni yokukhupha amanzi jikelele kunye nokumila konxweme, kwaye ikwabonelela ngendlela yokuba amanzi angene nzulu kubunzima bamatye, oko kukhuthaze ukhukuliseko. Amatye adityanisiweyo anokuvuzwa kulwelo, ukuze asetyenziswe njengama-aquifers okanye i-rock-oyile okanye iikwari zokugcina igesi kunye nabasebenzi basezimayini banikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kunxibelelwano, ekubeni ubukho babo okanye ukungabikho kwicala elithile kunokuqhubela phambili okanye kulibazise umsebenzi wakho.
Ukwahlula phakathi koxinzelelo kunye nokucofa koxinzelelo, i-axis ephambili ye-deformation yendawo okanye yengingqi kufuneka ifundwe, kuba i-cleat ngokwayo ayikwazi ukunika ulwazi olwaneleyo (i-groove okanye i-offset). Kwimeko yokwandiswa, isalathiso seyona ntsapho ibalaseleyo ngokuqhelekileyo i-perpendicular ukuya kwindlela yokwandisa, ngelixa i-compression, isalathiso se-bisector enzima ewela i-joint.
Uqeqesho
- Ukwandiswa. Oku kubangelwa yinkqubo yoxinzelelo esebenza kwi-rock massif, okusisiphumo sokupholisa (kumatye e-igneous. Isakhiwo se-Columnar) okanye ukomisa (kumatye e-sedimentary).
- Ukuncipha. Inkqubo ye-stud ingaphuhla ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kokunxuswa komphezulu, ngakumbi kwii-igneous rock intrusions, njenge-granite.
- Zinokubangelwa kukukhutshwa kwingxondorha yamatye xa umthwalo ukhukulisekile.
- I-Tectonics: ivela njengesiphumo esithe ngqo sokugotywa okanye ukuphoswa etyeni, kwaye yamkele ngokubanzi iinkqubo ezintathu: ukuthwala, ukuhambelana ne-axis ye-fold; inkqubo yokuthambekela, i-perpendicular to cleats, kunye nenkqubo ye-conjugate ye-oblique cleats ibonakala ngaphantsi kwe-45 ° kwicala lokufuduka kwesakhiwo. Kwezinye iimeko, amaqela amabini enza inkqubo ye-conjugate akhula ngokungalingani. Kwezi nkqubo kusetyenziswe igama elithi "shear joint", elihambelana ngokusondeleyo nolwalathiso lwethiyori yobuninzi bokucheba.
Umahluko kunye nokusilela
Iimpazamo zokwakheka komhlaba zingachazwa njengeentanda ngokubanzi ezithe tyaba ezithi zijongwe kwindawo ethile yomhlaba kwaye zibe nendawo ethile ebanzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba ijongwe ngeliso lenyama okanye emoyeni. Ububanzi beziphoso bunokwahluka ukusuka kwiisentimitha ezimbalwa ukuya kwiikhilomitha eziliqela, kwaye inokufikelela kumakhulu eemitha ukusuka kwenye, njengeSan Andreas Fault eCalifornia, eU.SA Intshukumo yeempazamo ibalulekile ekusekweni kweenkqubo zeentaba. Isiphoso esahlula umhlaba ziibhloko ezimbini, enye ishenxisiwe ngokubhekiselele kwenye.
Kule meko sibona ukuba i-cleats zizinto eziqhekezayo kuphela ekuncedeni ukutyibilika okwenzekayo xa iziphene zenziwe ezibangelwa ziinyikima okanye kubukho beminye imiphetho yeetectonic plates.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-cleats kunye neempawu zabo.