Ichibi Karachai

Ngelishwa, i Ichibi likarachai Asiyondawo intle yokuphumla okanye ukutshisa ilanga. Ngeminyaka yee-1990, ukuba umntu wahlala emhlabeni kangangeyure, wayenokuvezwa kwimitha ye-roentgen eyi-600, eyayikhuselekile. Efumaneka kwingingqi yaseChelyabinsk kumazantsi e-Urals, eli chibi liyaziwa ukususela ngekhulu le-1951. Ihlala yoma kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ide ithi shwaka kwimephu. Ukusukela ngo-9, iMayak Production Association, esinye sezona zixhobo zikhulu zenyukliya eSoviet Union, iye yalahla inkunkuma eqhumayo eKarachay, eyathi yabizwa ngokuba yiV-XNUMX Reservoir.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga neLake Karachay, zeziphi iimpawu zayo kwaye kutheni lelona chibi lingcolisekileyo emhlabeni.

Elona chibi lingcolisekileyo ehlabathini

Malunga ne-1,5 square kilometers, ILake Karachay ifumana ukukhutshwa kweradioactive minyaka le. Kukholelwa ukuba emazantsi eli chibi kukho inkunkuma enemitha yeathom kumaleko anzulu entlenga, eziimitha ezi-3,4 ubunzulu.

Ngo-1967, umoya onamandla wavuthuza kulo mmandla, usasaza i-caesium-137 kunye ne-strontium-90 (zombini izinto ezinobungozi ezivezwe lilanga ngexesha lembalela ye-1960s). Imozulu yabangela ukuba izinto zisasazeke malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-2.700 zesikwere, ibeka impilo yamawaka abantu emngciphekweni. Inxalenye yeli chibi yoma ebudeni bembalela yeminyaka yee-1960, nto leyo eyayibeka izinto eziyingozi elangeni.

Iibhloko ezahlukeneyo zesamente kunye namatye zasetyenziselwa ukuvala iKarachay, emva kokuba abasemagunyeni kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo. Lo msebenzi wathabatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 waza wagqitywa ngoNovemba 26, 2015. Eli chibi lafumba izinto eziyingozi ezininzi gqitha ukutyhubela iminyaka kangangokuba amanzi akhupha iicuries ezingaphezu kwe-120 lezigidi, ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini kuleyo yakhutshwa emoyeni yintlekele yaseChernobyl.

Kumakhulu okanye kwanamawaka eminyaka ukususela ngoku, eli chibi lisaya kuba yinkunkuma eqhumayo. Kukhuselekile ukushiya ichibi lodwa kunokuba uzame ukususa inkunkuma kwenye indawo, ngokutsho kwabaphandi.

Lake Karachay Monitoring

U-Yuri Mokrov, umncedisi kumlawuli jikelele we-Mayar Production Company, uthi akukho lizwe linamava okugcina into enobungozi efana ne-V-9 kwindawo yokugcina. Ngoko ke, UKarachay uya kubekwa esweni umsebenzi wakhe ixesha elide elizayo.

Zininzi iindlela zemveli zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi, kubandakanywa ukulinganisa i-gamma radiation, ubungakanani bomoya okufutshane namanzi, kunye nazo naziphi na iiradionuclides ezikufutshane nonikezelo lwamanzi. Amaxesha onyaka ahlukeneyo enza uxinzelelo olwahlukileyo emhlabeni, kwaye imiba ye-geodetic iqwalaselwa ngononophelo ngexesha lenkqubo yoyilo.

izicwangciso zexesha elizayo ze Ichibi liquka ukongeza umaleko womhlaba kunye nobutyobo kwindawo, kuze kukhule ingca namatyholo kuloo ndawo. Imithi ayivumelekanga kuba iingcambu zayo zisenokonakalisa izitena zesamente ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza eli chibi. Isitokhwe senyukliya kwisiza asinakuchatshazelwa nayinkanyamba, ngokutsho kweengcali ezibeke esweni le ndawo iminyaka.

amanyathelo okudambisa

Amanyathelo okuqala okucoca ungcoliseko lwemitha echibini asenokuba athatyathwe kwasemva kwexesha, ngokutsho kweminye imithombo. Phakathi kowe-1978 nowe-1986, kongezelelwa izitena zekonkile ezili-10.000 XNUMX kweli chibi ukuze kuthintelwe intlenga engcolisekileyo ukuba ingasasazeki. Ezi nzame zaphela ngo-2016, kodwa le ndawo isathathwa njengengcoliseke kakhulu. Ezinye izakhiwo kulo mmandla ziye zalahlwa ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu okusasazeka kwemitha kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba. I-National Geographic inika ingxelo yokuba eminye yemimandla engcolisekileyo ayinakuhlalwa.

Ngexesha le-1990s, ukuchitha iyure elunxwemeni lwechibi kunokuvelisa idosi yemitha ye-600 roentgens, ingxelo yeDaily Mail. Oku kungamaxesha angama-200.000 aphezulu kunamanqanaba aqhelekileyo okusasazeka kwemitha.

Eminye imilambo engcolisekileyo

Ecaleni kwesikhululo sombane saseMayak, kukho ichibi elikhulu elibizwa ngokuba yiChibi iKyzyltash. Amanzi aso angcoliseke ngokukhawuleza kuba asetyenziselwa ukupholisa ii-reactors zesityalo. I-Phytoplankton echibini iye yatshintsha isantya sophuhliso kwaye ikhule ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwamanzi enyukliya.

Umlambo iTecha uvela kufutshane nesixeko saseOzyorsk kwaye uqukuqela kwiLake Karaganda kunye namanye amachibi anezinto ezinemitha. Amanzi oMlambo iTecha adibanisa kunye noMlambo i-Iset, othi ugeleze kuMlambo waseTobol eSiberia, okwenza ube ngomnye wemilambo emikhulu eSiberia. Amachibi akakho njengamachibi avaliweyo. Zinokudityaniswa ne-aquifers kunye nemilambo, kubandakanywa nomlambo we-Techa weekhilomitha ezingama-240 ubude.

Ngo-1949, uMlambo iKyzyltash (umlambo oqukuqela kweli chibi) wawungowona mthombo wamanzi kulo mmandla, ngenxa yesiziko samandla enyukliya esikufuphi silahla amanzi angcolileyo emlanjeni. Kwiminyaka emibini kuphela kamva, ngowe-1951, kwabakho izikhukula ezinkulu kulo mmandla, zabangela ukungcoliseka kwemitha yemitha yomhlaba okufuphi nomlambo. Nangona i-radioactivity kukholelwa ukuba yehla ngomgama, abukho ubungqina bokuba ungcoliseko lwendalo luchaphazela inkqubo yendalo iphela.

UMlambo iTecha wosulelwe yi-radioactivity malunga neminyaka engama-50. Iziko leSizwe loMhlaza liphonononge abantu abangama-30.000 ababehlala kule ndawo ukubona ukuba zingaphi na iimeko zomhlaza ebantwini ngenxa yokungcoliseka kwamanzi. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-65% yabantu kulo mmandla baneengxaki zempilo ezibangelwa yi-radioactivity emanzini. Kulo mmandla, baye banda ngama-21 ekhulwini abantu abanesifo somhlaza, ukwanda kokuzalwa kwabantwana abaneziphene ngama-25 ekhulwini, ukwanda kweleukemia ngama-41 ekhulwini nokwanda kwabantu abangenanzala.

Iingozi kwiLake Karachay

Ngowe-1967, ebudeni behlobo elide, iLake Karachay yoma kangangokuba inkunkuma yenyukliya eyayisuka emazantsi echibi yavuthuza ngumoya kummandla oziikhilomitha ezili-1.800. ukubeka abantu abamalunga nama-400.000 kwimitha yelanga. Ngama-180.000 XNUMX kuphela kwaba bantu abaye bafuduswa.

Zonke iingozi ezinxulumene nesixhobo samandla senyukliya saseMayak zagcinwa ziyimfihlo (okanye ubuncinane zijongelwe phantsi, ukuba aziyomfihlo) ngamagosa aphezulu karhulumente ukuze angazixeli iinkqubo zawo zezixhobo zenyukliya. Inyani enomdla yeyokuba iCIA ibizazi iingozi kunye nesixhobo samandla senyukliya saseMayak, kodwa ikwayigcinile ngasese kuba besoyika ukuba iya kubeka inkqubo yabo yenyukliya emngciphekweni.

Kwi 1987, Imveliso yePlutonium yada yayeka xa ezimbini kwezintlanu zeMayak zezixhobo zenyukliya zayeka ukusebenza. Lilonke, bangaphezulu kwe-500.000 abantu abavezwe kwimitha emva kweminyaka yokusebenza kwisityalo, amanqanaba asondela kumanqanaba okungcoliseka okubangelwe yingozi yaseChernobyl.

Ungcoliseko lweLake Karachay lusaqhubeka nanamhlanje, kwaye ukuchitha iyure ngasechibini kunokuthetha ukuvezwa kwemitha ebulalayo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neLake Karachay kunye neempawu zayo.