Ichibi laseMaracaibo

El IChibi iMaracaibo Ngoyena mmeli mkhulu wengingqi yaseZulia, ekwintshona yeVenezuela, elona chibi likhulu eLatin America kunye nelinye lamachibi amakhulu emhlabeni. Ineempawu eziphawulekayo kunye nokubaluleka, ngoko kuyafaneleka ukwazi ngayo.

Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ngeempawu, i-geology, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zaseLake Maracaibo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

IChibi iMaracaibo linikwe uluhlu lweempawu eziyahlula kwamanye amachibi asehlabathini, kwaye mhlawumbi ngale ngqiqo uphawu lwalo olukhulu kukuba lelona chibi linxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nolwandle. Ngokukodwa emantla ayo, amaza olwandle avela kumanzi anebraki, nangona ifumana ukukhutshwa kwamanzi acocekileyo.

Ukundwendwela iimpawu zeLake Maracaibo, sinokuqaqambisa ezi ngongoma zilandelayo:

• Ikumazwe amathathu ommandla waseVenezuela: UZulia, uTrujillo kunye noMerida.
• Ithathwa njengendawo enkulu ebiyelweyo enamanzi anetyuwa.
• Inommandla oqikelelwayo we-13.820 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, ubunzulu beemitha ezingama-46, ukuphakama kweemitha ezi-3 kunye nonxweme lweekhilomitha ezingama-728.
• Ngexesha leemvula, ichibi linokwandiswa okuphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-110, ubude beekhilomitha ezingama-160 kunye nobunzulu beemitha ezingama-50.
• Lelona chibi likhulu eLatin America kwaye limalunga neminyaka engama-36 ubudala.
• Idibana neGulf of Venezuela ngokusebenzisa indawo emxinwa emalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-55.
• Ityiswa yimilambo emininzi, eyona inkulu kuyo yiCatatumbo, ephuma eColombia, kodwa ikwanezintlu ezilandelayo: Chama, Escalante, Santa Ana, Apon, Motatan, Palmar, njl.
• Inokugcina ioyile ebalulekileyo kwizitya zayo kwaye yomba amaqula angaphezu kwe-15.000 ukususela ngo-1914.
• Kukho umboniso omhle kweli chibi, obizwa ngokuba yiCatatumbo Lightning, apho malunga ne-1.176.000 ye-XNUMX yenzeke ngonyaka kwaye ixabiseke kakhulu ekuzaliseni yonke i-ozone ye-atmospheric yoMhlaba (eyaziwa ngokuba yiCoquivacoa ngabemi bomthonyama).

Imozulu yeLake Maracaibo

Imozulu yommandla ongqonge iLake Maracaibo ifumile, ekubeni amanzi awo amaninzi esenza iqondo lobushushu linyuke, ngoko eli chibi, kwanesixeko ngokubanzi, sifudumele.

Ihlobo lifutshane, lishushu kakhulu kwaye linamafu, kodwa ubusika bubude, nangona ubushushu bugcinwe kunye nesibhakabhaka esinamafu. Ngesiqhelo, iqondo lobushushu liyahluka kancinci unyaka wonke phakathi kwama-28°C nama-40°C.

Omnye umba onxulumene nemozulu ngulowo uvela emazantsi eChibi iMaracaibo, sele sikhankanyile ngombane weCatatumbo, ozibonakalisa njengombane ophantse uqhubeleke ngokuwa, njengomboniso omkhulu okhanyisa isibhakabhaka sesixeko.

Imvelaphi yale nyaniso isekelwe kwinto yokuba ilifu likhula ngokuthe nkqo kwaye ivelisa uthotho lwezinto ezikhutshwayo ezibonwa phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-4 km ukuphakama. Oku kubangelwa ukufuma okuphezulu kumphezulu weLake Maracaibo, kudibaniswa nothotho lwemimoya kunye nokuphakama kwechibi lechibi ngokubhekiselele kwiintaba ezijikelezayo, ezihambelana neSierra de Perijá kunye neSierra de Perijá Cordillera de Merida.

Inkalo ebangel’ umdla ngemvula ekwiChibi iMaracaibo kukuba indawo esemazantsi ifumana imvula engakumbi kunenxalenye esemantla yechibi. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, imimoya yorhwebo ihamba phezu kwamanzi kwicala elingasentla-mpuma-ntshona-ntshona.

Geology of Lake Maracaibo

Ukuqala nge-geology yeLake Maracaibo, sifumanisa ukuba yayiyinxalenye yentlambo ye-rift eyenziwe ngexesha le-Jurassic, ngakumbi ngexesha le-Mesozoic Era xa uMhlaba wawuphila ngaphezu kwe-145 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ichibi, elithatha imo yetectonic rift okanye icrater, yavela ekwahlukaneni kwePangea, igama elanikwa uMhlaba xa uMhlaba wawulilizwekazi elikhulu kwaye wahlulwe yintshukumo yamacwecwe etectonic

Emva koku, ichibi lidlula kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okwakheka kobukhulu obahlukeneyo, libe yinxalenye yolwandle okanye libonakale lomile. Kodwa ibikwimo yamachibi anamanzi angenawo angaphakathi emhlabeni ukusukela kwi-Pliocene, kwi-2,59 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ichibi laseLake Maracaibo liphawulwe ziziphene ezintathu zejoloji: iOka-Ancón, iBocono kunye neSanta Marta, eziyenza ibe yindawo ethathwa njengomngcipheko onokubakho wenyikima.

Ngokwe geology yayo, ichibi wazalelwa Miocene malunga nezigidi ezihlanu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kunye nenkangeleko yezilwanyana ezanyisayo eziguqukileyo, kwaye kwixesha elilandelayo lejoloji yaba yintlupheko yangoku, eyaziwa ngokuba yiLake Po yeHorses. Ichazwa yiyo yonke imilambo ehamba kuyo. Yile ndlela eyenziwa ngayo i-delta esezantsi yechibi, ukudibanisa kwemilambo efana ne-Escalante, i-Santa Ana kunye ne-Catatumbo.

Indawo eyaziwa ngokuba yiLake Maracaibo Depression ngumgodi wetectonic owehla kancinci njengoko iSierra de Perijá kunye neeAndes ziphakama.

Uphando oluninzi luye lwenziwa kwindawo engaphantsi apho unxunguphalo lwenzeka khona, kuba oku kuthathwa njengento eyenzeka kwiindawo ezimbalwa zehlabathi, kwelinye icala iyatshona kwaye kwelinye iqulethe owona mthombo mkhulu wobutyebi eVenezuela, ngaphezu kokujoyina kuLwandle lweCaribbean.

Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana

Kukholelwa ukuba amanzi eChibi laseMaracaibo aneoksijini eyaneleyo, yiyo loo nto etyebile kwi-algae kwaye ngenxa yoko kwiintlanzi. Ibonelela ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi.

I-taxidermy yechibi ibandakanya: i-alligators, i-herons, i-shrimp, i-iguana, i-crabs eluhlaza, i-catfish, i-peliccans, i-groupers, i-bocachicos, i-mullets ebomvu, i-croakers etyheli, ezinye ii-curassows kunye namahlengesi. Kukho neentlobo ezithile ezihlala zikhona kwichibi lechibi, njengeLamontichthys maracaibero, intlanzi kwintsapho yaseLoricariidae efuna amanzi anomxholo ophezulu we-oxygen ukuze aphile.

Phakathi kwezityalo ezibumba uhlaza lweli chibi kukho izityalo ezininzi zekhokhonathi, nangona zikho ezinye iintlobo zemithi kummandla omkhulu welizwe, njengeepamate, icují yaque, ivera nezinye iindidi ezingaqhelekanga, njenge<em>neem, ethi zidibene nenjongo yokunciphisa phantse onke amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kulo nyaka njengoko ifuna amanzi amancinci kakhulu kunye nokhathalelo, ngelixa ibonelela ngomthunzi omkhulu.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neLake Maracaibo kunye neempawu zalo.