Ii-Asteroids aziyonto ngaphandle kwamatye asemazulwini anesangqa ajikeleza iLanga. Nangona engalingani ngobukhulu njengeeplanethi, anokujikeleza kwawo ngokufanayo. Ii-asteroids ezininzi zifunyenwe kumjikelezo wesixokelelwano sethu selanga. Uninzi lwazo luyila ibhanti ye-asteroid njengoko sisazi. Lo mmandla uphakathi kweendlela zeMars neJupiter. Njengakwiiplanethi, ii-orbit zazo zi-elliptical.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga nebhanti ye-asteroid, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ibizwa ngokuba yibhanti ye-asteroid okanye ibhanti ephambili kwaye ikummandla wethu inkqubo yelanga phakathi kweendlela zeJupiter neMars, ezahlula iiplanethi ezingaphakathi kwiiplanethi ezingaphandle. Lubonakaliswa linani elikhulu Amatye asemazulwini anemilo engaqhelekanga kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo, obizwa ngokuba zii-asteroids, kwaye ikhatshwa yiplanethi emfutshane yaseCeres.
Igama lelona bhanti liphambili ukwahlulahlulahlula kwezinye izinto zasemajukujukwini, njengeKuiper Belt emva komjikelo weNeptune okanye njenge Ilifu Oort, emi kumda ojikelezileyo wesixokelelwano selanga, phantse unyaka wokukhanya kude nelanga.
Ibhanti le asteroid lenziwe zizigidi zezidalwa zasezulwini, ezinokwahlulahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu: icarbonaceous (uhlobo C), isilikisi (uhlobo S) kunye nesinyithi (uhlobo M). Okwangoku kukho izidumbu ezisesibhakabhakeni ezihlanu ezikhulu: iPallas, iVesta, iCigia, iJuno kunye neyona ndawo inkulu yasezulwini: iCeres, echazwa njengeplanethi yomdaka enobubanzi beekhilomitha ezingama-950. Ezi zinto zimele ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sobunzima bebhanti ephambili, elingana ne-4% kuphela yobunzima benyanga (0,06% yobunzima bomhlaba).
Nangona ziboniswa zisondele kakhulu kwimifanekiso yesixokelelwano selanga, zenza ilifu elixineneyo, inyani kukuba ezi asteroids zikude kangangokuba kunzima ukuhamba kweso sithuba kwaye ungqubane nenye yazo. Ngokuchasene noko, ngenxa ye-oscillation yabo yesiqhelo ye-orbital, baya kwi-orbit yeJupiter. Yile planethi ethi, kunye nomxhuzulane wayo, ibangele ukungazinzi kwii-asteroids.
Ubukho bebhanti ye-asteroid
Ii-asteroids azifumaneki kweli bhanti kuphela, kodwa nakwiziqulatho zezinye iiplanethi. Oku kuthetha ukuba le nto inamatye inendlela efanayo ejikeleze ilanga, kodwa akukho nto ixhalabisayo. Unokucinga ukuba ukuba i-asteroid ikwi-orbit enye kwiplanethi yethu, inokudibana ize ibangele intlekele. Akunjalo. Akukho sidingo sokukhathazeka malunga nokuba baya kuphazamiseka okanye cha.
Ii-Asteroids kwi-orbit efanayo njengeplanethi ngokubanzi zihamba ngesantya esifanayo. Ke ngoko, abanakuze bahlangane. Ukwenza oku, uMhlaba kufuneka uhambe kancinci okanye i-asteroid kufuneka inyuse isantya sayo. Oku ngekhe kwenzeke endaweni engaphandle ngaphandle kokuba kukho imikhosi yangaphandle yokwenza. Kwangelo xesha, imithetho yesindululo ilawulwa yi-inertia.
Imvelaphi yebhanti yeasteroid
Eyona nkolelo yamkelwe ngokubanzi malunga nemvelaphi yebhanti ye-asteroid kukuba yonke inkqubo yelanga yavela kwinxalenye ye-nebula yeprotosolar. Ngamanye amagama, oku kunokuba sisiphumo sokusilela kwento yokusasazeka kokwenza izinto ezinkulu zasezulwini, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa ngamaza omxhuzulane avela kuJupiter, eyona planethi inkulu kummandla welanga. Oku kwenza iziqwenga zamatye ziyangqubana kunye okanye ziyikhuphele esithubeni, ishiye kuphela i-1% yobunzima bokuqala.
Ezona ngcinga zindala zibonisa ukuba ibhanti ye-asteroid inokuba yiplanethi eyenziwe nge-nebula yokuqala, kodwa itshatyalalisiwe yimpembelelo ye-orbital okanye uqhushumbo lwangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobunzima obuphantsi bebhanti kunye namandla aphezulu kakhulu afunekayo ukuvuthela iplanethi ngale ndlela, le hypothesis ibonakala ingenakulindeleka.
Ezi asteroids zivela ekusekweni kwenkqubo yelanga. Inkqubo yelanga yenziwa malunga ne-4.600 yezigidigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Oku kwenzeka xa ilifu elikhulu legesi kunye nothuli lisiwa. Xa oku kusenzeka, uninzi lwezixhobo luwela embindini welifu, lenze ilanga.
Eminye imicimbi yaba ziiplanethi. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezikwi-asteroid belt azinathuba lokuba ziiplanethi. Kuba ii-asteroids zenza kwiindawo neemeko ezahlukeneyo, azifani. Inye nganye yenzeka kumgama owahlukileyo ukusuka elangeni. Oku kwenza iimeko kunye nokwakhiwa kwahluke. Izinto esizifumeneyo bezingqukuva, kodwa zingaqhelekanga kwaye zinamajethi. Oku kwenziwa kukungqubana okuqhubekayo nezinye izinto de zibe ngoluhlobo.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-asteroids kunye neemeteorites
Ii-Asteroids zihlelwa ngokokuma kwazo kwinkqubo yelanga; ezinye zibizwa ngokuba yi-NEA kuba zikufutshane nomhlaba. Sikwafumana iiTrojans, zezo zijikeleza iJupiter. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinamaCentaurs. Zibekwe kwinkqubo yelanga engaphandle, kufutshane neLifu lase-Oort. Ngamanye amagama, baye "babanjwa" ngumxhuzulane kunye nokuhamba komhlaba ixesha elide. Banokuhamba kwakhona.
I-meteorite ayikho enye into ngaphandle kwe-asteroid ehlasela umhlaba. Ineli gama kuba xa lingena kwiatmosfera, lishiya umkhondo wokukhanya, obizwa ngokuba yimeteor. Ziyingozi ebantwini. Nangona kunjalo, iatmosfera yethu iyasikhusela kuzo kuba ekugqibeleni ziyanyibilika xa zidibana nayo.
Kuxhomekeke kubume bayo, banokuba ngamatye, isinyithi, okanye zombini. Impembelelo yeemeteorites nayo inokuba yinto elungileyo, kuba unokufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga nayo. Ukuba inkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba iatmosfera ingayonakalisi ngokupheleleyo xa inxibelelana, inokubangela umonakalo. Umkhondo wayo unokuqikelelwa namhlanje ngenxa yetekhnoloji yokujonga abantu abanayo kwinkqubo yelanga kunye nomhlaba.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nebhanti ye-asteroid kunye neempawu zayo.