Sentinel-6 isathelayithi

Esona sathelayithi sokuphonononga sehlabathi siphezulu saphehlelelwa sisuka eVandenberg Air Force Base eCalifornia. Isiqhamo sobudlelwane bembali phakathi kwe-United States kunye neYurophu, isathelayithi I-Sentinel-6 UMichael Freilich uza kuqalisa umsebenzi weminyaka emihlanu kunye nesiqingatha ukuqokelela idatha echanekileyo kumanqanaba olwandle kunye nendlela ulwandle lwethu olunyuka ngayo ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Uthumo luya kuqokelela ulwazi oluchanekileyo lobushushu be-atmospheric kunye nokufuma, okuya kunceda ukwandisa uqikelelo lwemozulu kunye neemodeli zemozulu.

Kweli nqaku siza kuchaza yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neSentinel-6 satellite, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Isathelayithi ithiywe ngoGqr. Michael Freilich, owayesakuba ngumlawuli weNASA's Earth Sciences Division, ummeli ongadinwayo wokuqhubela phambili kwimilinganiselo yesathelayithi yolwandle. I-Sentinel-6 uMichael Freilich yakhela kwilifa le-European Space Agency's (ESA) i-Sentinel-3 ye-Copernicus mission kunye nelifa le-TOPEX / i-Poseidon kunye ne-Jason-1, i-2 kunye ne-3 yeesathelayithi zokujonga umgangatho wolwandle Yaziswa ngo-2016, i-Jason-3 iyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngedatha yexesha ukusuka kwi-1992 TOPEX / Poseidon observations.

Kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo, iinkcukacha eziphuma kwezi sathelayithi ziye zaba ngumgangatho ongqongqo wokufunda umphakamo wolwandle usemajukujukwini. USentinel-6 udade kaMichael Freilich, uSentinel-6B, icwangciselwe ukuqaliswa ngo-2025 kwaye iqhubeke nemilinganiselo ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu.

"Le rekhodi eqhubekayo yokujonga ibalulekile ekuchongeni ukunyuka komgangatho wolwandle kunye nokuqonda izinto ezinoxanduva," kusho uKaren Saint-Germain, umlawuli weCandelo leSayensi zeSayensi zeNASA. “Ngokusebenzisa uSentinel-6 uMichael Freilich, siqinisekisa ukuba le milinganiselo ihambela phambili ngobuninzi nangokuchaneka. Lo msebenzi uwonga isazinzulu kunye nenkokeli kwaye uya kuqhubeka nelifa likaMike lokuqhubela phambili uphando lolwandle. "

Indlela iSentinel-6 enceda ngayo

Ke uSentinel-6 uMichael Freilich uza kunceda njani ekuphuculeni ukuqonda kwethu ulwandle kunye nemozulu? Nazi izinto ezintlanu omele uzazi:

I-Sentinel-6 iya kunika ulwazi kwizazinzulu

Ezi satellite ziza kunika ulwazi ukunceda izazinzulu ukuba ziqonde ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lutshintsha njani amanxweme oMhlaba kunye nokuba lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Iilwandle kunye neatmosfera yomhlaba azahlukani. Iilwandle zifunxa ngaphezu kwama-90 ekhulwini obushushu boMhlaba ngokufaka iigesi zegreenhouse, ezibangela ukuba amanzi olwandle ande. Ngelo xesha, olu lwando lubangela malunga nesithathu sokunyuka komphakamo wolwandle, ngoxa amanzi aphuma kwimikhenkce enyibilikayo kunye namanzi omkhenkce ebangela okuseleyo.

Izinga lokunyuka kweelwandle liye lakhula kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo, kwaye izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba liya kunyuka nangakumbi kule minyaka izayo. Ukunyuka komphakamo wolwandle kuya kuzitshintsha iindawo ezingaselunxwemeni kwaye kwandise izandyondyo zemvula eziqhutywa sisiphango. Ukuze uqonde ngcono ukuba ukunyuka kolwandle kuya kubachaphazela njani abantu, izazinzulu zidinga iirekhodi zemozulu zexesha elide, kwaye uSentinel-6 Michael Freilich uya kunceda ukubonelela ezo rekhodi.

"U-Sentinel-6 uMichael Freilich linyathelo elibalulekileyo kumlinganiselo womgangatho wolwandle," utshilo uJosh Willis, isazinzulu seprojekthi kwi-NASA yeJet Propulsion Laboratory eMazantsi eCalifornia, elawula igalelo leNASA kwimishini. "Eli sisihlandlo sokuqala ukuba siphuhlise ngempumelelo iisathelayithi ezininzi ezithatha ishumi leminyaka elipheleleyo, siqonda ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokunyuka kolwandle yinto esisigxina."

Baza kubona izinto ezingazange zibonwe yimishini yomgangatho wolwandle yangaphambili

Ukususela ngo-2001, ekubekweni iliso kwinqanaba lolwandle, uchungechunge lwe-Jason lwesathelayithi lukwazi ukujonga iimpawu ezinkulu zolwandle njengeGulf Stream kunye neziganeko zemozulu ezifana ne-El Niño kunye neLa Niña ehamba ngamawaka eekhilomitha.

Nangona kunjalo, ingxelo yotshintsho oluncinci kumphakamo wolwandle kufuphi nemimandla yonxweme leyo kunokuchaphazela ukuhamba kweenqanawa kunye nokuloba ngorhwebo kusengaphezu kwamandla abo.

U-Sentinel-6 uMichael Freilich uya kuqokelela imilinganiselo kwisisombululo esiphezulu. Ukongeza, iya kubandakanya itekhnoloji entsha ye-Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR-C) isixhobo, leyo, kunye ne-radar altimeter ye-radar ye-Poseidon IV, iya kuvumela abaphandi ukuba bafunde izinto ezincinci kunye nezintsonkothileyo zolwandle, ngakumbi kufutshane nonxweme.

I-Sentinel-6 yakhela phezu kwentsebenziswano eyimpumelelo phakathi kwe-US neYurophu

I-Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich yinzame yokuqala edibeneyo ye-NASA kunye ne-ESA kuthumo lwesathelayithi yesayensi yoMhlaba kunye nentatho-nxaxheba yokuqala yamazwe ngamazwe e-Copernicus, inkqubo ye-European Union's Earth observation. Ukuqhubela phambili isithethe eside sokubambisana phakathi kwe-NASA, i-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) kunye namaqabane abo aseYurophu, kuquka i-ESA, i-European Organization for Development of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) kunye neZiko laseFransi loPhando lweNdawo (CNES) .

Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ibonelela ngoluhlu olukhulu lolwazi lwenzululwazi kunye nezibonelelo kunokuba zinokubonelelwa ngabanye. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zapapasha amawaka amaphepha emfundo esebenzisa idatha yomgangatho wolwandle eqokelelwe luluhlu lwe-US kunye ne-European satellite missions eqala ngokusungulwa kwe-TOPEX / Poseidon kwi-1992.

Iza kuphucula ukuqonda ngotshintsho lwemozulu

Ngokwandisa irekhodi yehlabathi yedatha yobushushu bomoya, uthumo luya kunceda izazinzulu ziphucule ukuqonda ngotshintsho lwemozulu yoMhlaba. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu akuchaphazeli kuphela iilwandle kunye nomphezulu woMhlaba, kodwa Kwakhona kuchaphazela i-atmosfera kuwo onke amanqanaba, ukusuka kwi-troposphere ukuya kwi-stratosphere. Izixhobo zenzululwazi kwi-Sentinel-6 uMichael Freilich usebenzisa ubuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi-radio occultation ukulinganisa iipropathi ezibonakalayo zomoya woMhlaba.

I-Global Navigation Satellite Radio Concealment System (GNSS-RO) sisixhobo esilandela umkhondo wemiqondiso yerediyo esuka kwezinye iisathelayithi zokuhamba ezijikeleza uMhlaba. Ngokwembono ye-Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, xa isathelayithi iwela ngaphantsi kwe-horizon (okanye iphakama), isignali yayo yerediyo ihamba emoyeni. Ngokwenza oko, isignali iyacotha, utshintsho oluphindaphindiweyo, kunye neegophe zendlela. Izazinzulu zinokusebenzisa esi siphumo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-refraction, ukulinganisa utshintsho oluncinane kubuninzi, ubushushu, kunye nokufuma kweatmosfera.

Xa abaphandi bongeza olu lwazi kwidatha ekhoyo evela kwizixhobo ezifanayo ngoku ezisebenza kwindawo, baya kuba nako ukuqonda ngcono indlela imozulu yoMhlaba etshintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

"Njengemilinganiselo yexesha elide lomgangatho wolwandle, sifuna imilinganiselo yexesha elide lokutshintsha kwe-atmospheric ukuze siqonde kakuhle yonke imiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu," watsho uChi Ao, isazi sesazi seGNSS-RO kwi-Air Propulsion Laboratory. Jet. "Irediyo occultation yindlela ichaneke kakhulu kwaye ichanekile."

Uqikelelo lwemozulu oluphuculweyo

U-Sentinel-6 uMichael Freilich uza kunceda ukuphucula uqikelelo lwemozulu ngokunika iingcali zemozulu ngolwazi malunga nobushushu bomoya kunye nokufuma.

Ialtimeter yeradar yesathelayithi iya kuqokelela imilinganiselo yeemeko zomphezulu wolwandle, kubandakanywa ukuphakama kwamaza abalulekileyo, kunye nedatha evela kwizixhobo ze-GNSS-RO iya kuhambelana nokuqwalaselwa kweatmosfera. Indibaniselwano yale milinganiselo iya kunika izazi ngemozulu ulwazi oluthe kratya lokucokisa uqikelelo lwazo. Ukongeza, ulwazi malunga nobushushu be-atmospheric kunye nokufuma, kunye nobushushu bomhlaba wolwandle, kuya kunceda ukwenza ngcono. iimodeli zokubunjwa kwenkanyamba kunye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neSentinel-6 kunye neempawu zayo.