La Orion Nebula Yinebula ephumayo eneziko elimile okwebhabhathane. Ithe ngcu emazantsi ekroza leOrion kwaye ibonakala ngokulula ngeliso lenyama njengebala elimfiliba elimhlophe kumbindi webhanti yeOrion.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, imvelaphi kunye nokubaluleka kwe-Orion Nebula.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ezithiywe ngokumila kwazo, iinebula ziindawo ezinkulu zesithuba esizaliswe yi-interstellar matter (uthuli negesi). IOrion Nebula yaqala ukuchazwa sisazi ngeenkwenkwezi esingumFrentshi uNicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc ngowe-1610, nangona impucuko yamandulo enjengamaMaya nayo yabhala izinto ezifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, akunakuqinisekiswa ukuba eneneni ikwayiOrion Nebula enye.
Enyanisweni, uGalileo akazange ayikhankanye, nangona kusaziwa ukuba wawuhlola lo mmandla ngeteleskopu waza wafumana ezinye zeenkwenkwezi kuwo (ezibizwa ngokuba yiTrapezium). Kwakunjalo nangezinye izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ezidumileyo zamandulo.
Kodwa ekubeni ngoku ibonakala ngokulula ngeliso lenyama, le nebula isenokuba yakhanyiswa kukuzalwa kweenkwenkwezi ezintsha. Yafakwa kwikhathalogu nguCharles Messier ngo-1771 njengento eyi-M42, kwaye inokukhangela eli gama kwiwebhu kunye ne-astronomy apps ezihambayo.
Ukusuka kwimbono yeenkwenkwezi, i-nebulae njenge-Orion Zibalulekile kuba iinkwenkwezi zihlala zivela apho.. Kulapho, ngenxa yomxhuzulane, apho kuvela khona ukudityaniswa kwezinto, ezithi ke zijiye kwaye zenze imbewu yeenkqubo zeenkwenkwezi. Ngaphakathi kwinebula, iinkwenkwezi zihlala zivela.
Indawo yeOrion Nebula
I-Orion Nebula isondele kakhulu kwiSolar System kwi-500 parsecs (1 parsec = 3,2616 ukukhanya iminyaka) okanye 1270 ukukhanya iminyaka. Ifumaneka, njengoko sithetha, kwiBhanti yeOrion, equkethe iinkwenkwezi ezintathu eziqaqambileyo kwi-diagonal ephakathi ye-quadrilateral constellation.
Iinkwenkwezi ezintathu yiMintaka, Alnilam kunye ne-Alnitak, nangona zaziwa ngokuba ngooMariya abaThathu okanye abaZilumko abaThathu.
Ibonwa ukusuka eMhlabeni, i-angular diameter (ubukhulu be-angular bento ebonwa eMhlabeni) ye-nebula esibhakabhakeni imalunga ne-60 arcminutes. Okuphikisanayo, IVenus yinto ebonakala lula ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-63 imizuzu ye-arc ngokuxhomekeke kwi-epoch, kodwa ibonakala ikhanya ngakumbi ngenxa yokusondela kwayo.
Unokufumana umbono wobungakanani be-nebula kunye nokukhanya kwayo kokwenyani ngokuthelekisa umgama: iminyaka eyi-1270 yokukhanya = 1,2 x 1016 km, ngelixa iVenus ingama-40 x 106 km kuphela ukusuka eMhlabeni.
Indlela yokuqwalasela i-Orion Nebula?
I-Orion Nebula yi-emission nebula, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ikhupha ukukhanya kuluhlu olubonakalayo lokukhanya. Ibonakala empuma ekuqaleni kokuphuma kwelanga ngoJulayi, kodwa awona maxesha afanelekileyo ukuyibona kubusika obukumantla we-hemisphere okanye ehlotyeni le-hemisphere.
Ibonakala ngeso lenyama ukuba isibhakabhaka simnyama kwaye sicacile. Nangona ngokuqinisekileyo ibonakala kwiidolophu ezinkulu, kungcono ukuhlala kude nongcoliseko lokukhanya kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngezibonakude okanye iteleskopu encinane, i<em>nebula ibonakala ngathi yipearlescent spots, nangona maxa wambi kunokubonwa ibala elincinane elipinki. Le asiyonto ixhaphakileyo, kuba iliso alikhathali njengombala njengefilimu efotayo.
Oku kufuna iiteleskopu ezinkulu okanye ukuthatha iifoto ezibonisa ixesha elide, ezihlala zisetyenzwa emva kokukhupha iinkcukacha.
Nangona kunjalo, nangebhayinotyhulathi nje, i<em>nebula ngumfanekiso omhle ngendlela emangalisayo, singasathethi ke ngeenkwenkwezi ezizalwe ngaphakathi kuyo ngalo mzuzu kanye.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukufumana i-nebula kulula kuba i-Orion yenye yeenkwenkwezi ezidumileyo. Ngokufanayo, ii-apps ezifana ne-Sky Map ziya kukubonisa apho ukhoyo ngoko nangoko. Ngeeteleskopu zanamhlanje, unokucwangcisa ukukhangela ukuze ugxile ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ubeke itrapezoid ngaphakathi kwayo.
Ukufunyanwa kunye nemvelaphi
Ngokutsho kwemithombo emininzi, amaMaya amandulo ayeya kuphawula ummandla wesibhakabhaka apho le nebula ihlala khona, abayibiza ngokuba yi-Xibalbá. Ngokwentelekelelo yakhe, ilifu legesi langqina ubukho beziko lendalo.
I<em>Orion Nebula yafunyanwa ngamaZwe aseNtshona ngowe-1610, yindoda engumFrentshi uNicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, nesazi ngeenkwenkwezi esingumJesuit uCysatus de Lucerne ngowe-1618. Kamva, yaqukwa kwiCatalog’s Astronomical Catalogue kaCharles Messier ngowe-1771, engqamana nelo gama. M42.
Enkosi kwi-spectroscopy kaWilliam Huggins, utyikityo lwayo oluntsonkothileyo aluzange lufunyanwe de kwangowe-1865, yaye ngowe-1880 i<em>astrophotography yakhe yokuqala, ekaHenry Draper, yayiza kupapashwa. Uqwalaselo lokuqala oluthe ngqo lwe-nebula lwavela kwi-Hubble Space Telescope ngo-1993, kwaye ngenxa yoko (kunye noqwalaselo lwayo oluninzi lokulandela), kwanasemva kweemodeli ze-3D zenziwa.
Imibala yeOrion Nebula
Kwiliso lenyama, i-nebula ibonakala imhlophe, kodwa maxa wambi, phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, iliso lomntu linokubona i-tint encinci epinki. Imibala yokwenyani ibonakala kwimifanekiso ethatyathwe ngokutyhileka okude kwaye ivela kumandla akhutshwe ngamamolekyuli achwayitisayo kwirhasi.
Enyanisweni, ubushushu beenkwenkwezi ngaphakathi kwe-nebula bumalunga nama-25.000 K. Ngenxa yoko, banokukhupha imitha ye-ultraviolet eyaneleyo ukuze i-ionize i-hydrogen, eyona nto iphambili kulo mmandla.
Ukudityaniswa kwamaza amaza (obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye ne-violet) akhutshwe ngokutsalwa kwee-molecule zegesi kuvelisa umbala opinki ohlukileyo. Eminye imifanekiso iphinda ibonise iindawo eziluhlaza, ezihambelana neenguqu zamandla ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zenzeke kuphela kwiindawo ezineemeko zomzimba ze-nebula.
I-Orion Nebula ibaluleke kakhulu ngokweenkwenkwezi ngenxa yomsebenzi ophezulu weenkwenkwezi zayo. Iqulethe inani elikhulu leenkwenkwezi ezenza ngaphakathi kuyo, ezibizwa ngokuba ziiprotostars.
Kuba eli linqanaba elifutshane kakhulu kubomi benkwenkwezi, akulula ukufumana iiprotostars zokufunda. Yaye ngenxa yokuba iOrion Nebula ikude lee kwinqwelo-moya yeMilky Way, oko ikuquletheyo akubhidaniswa lula nezinye izinto ezisesibhakabhakeni. Ngenxa yazo zonke ezi zizathu, iphononongwa ngokupheleleyo zizazi ngeenkwenkwezi neengcali ngeenkwenkwezi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-Orion Nebula kunye neempawu zayo.