i-homo neanderthalensis

i-homo neanderthalensis

El i-homo neanderthalensis ekwabizwa ngokuba yiNeanderthal luhlobo lomntu olukhule ikakhulu eYurophu ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-230.000 eyadlulayo ukuya kwiminyaka engama-28.000 eyadlulayo. Iyaziwa ngegama leNeanderthal kwaye, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zohlobo lweHomo, ikhule ngokupheleleyo kwaye ihlala kwilizwekazi laseYurophu.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, imvelaphi kunye nokuvela kwe i-homo neanderthalensis.

Imvelaphi yeHomo neanderthalensis

umntu we-neanderthal

Umthonyama eYurophu, ubungqina bufunyenwe ukuba buvela kwiiHeidelbergs, ezafika eYurophu zivela e-Afrika ngexesha le-Pleistocene ephakathi. Kwimeko yokuvela komntu, kukho amashumi eminyaka yobudlelwane kunye noHomo sapiens, nangona kungacacanga. Uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lweedipozithi ezifunyenweyo lwenziwe kwaye kukho amathandabuzo. Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba ziindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, nangona zizodidi olunye, zahlala ngaxeshanye.

Ngaba lolu hlobo lumahluko phakathi kwabantu kunye neHomo sapiens kulwakhiwo lweatomical. Ubungakanani bengqondo bukhulu kakhulu, bukhulu ngakumbi kunobo babantu banamhlanje. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba iingcali zithandabuze unobangela wokuphela kwazo. Eyona ithiyori ibalaseleyo iphakamisa ukuba boyisiwe ngamanani eeHomo sapiens ezivela eAfrika.

Siyazi ukuba eli zwekazi ngumthombo wobuntu, kuba luhlobo lwethu oluvela kweli lizwekazi. Ukusukela ngoko, izinyanya zoluntu zanda zaya nakwezinye iindawo zomhlaba zaza zalilawula ngokupheleleyo. Kwinkqubo yokuvela kwezinto, awuwedwa.

Ngale ndlela, abantu beentlobo ezahlukeneyo zohlobo olufanayo banokubonakala eYurophu. Neanderthals banako ukuba luhlobo oluphambili. Ngexesha lexesha lomkhenkce, iindidi apho zivela khona kwafuneka zitshintshe indawo yokuhlala. Ngenxa yengqele ebandayo nengaginyisi mathe kwezemo engqongileyo, oku kuye kwanyanzelisa ukuba bafudukele emazantsi. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuzahlula zikhokelele kwisidingo sokuziqhelanisa kwaye zikhokelele kuguquko lweehominids.

Emva kokuphela kweminyaka yeqhwa, baqala ukufana ne-Neanderthals. Kulapho ziguquka ukusuka kolunye uhlobo luye kolunye. Le yindlela i Homo neanderthalensis.

Abemi be i-homo neanderthalensis

ukukhula komntu

Nangona kudala ikhona, ayikaze ibenabantu abaninzi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwiminyaka engama-200.000 eyayihlala emhlabeni, abemi bayo babengadluli kuma-7.000. Le yindawo encinci kakhulu, kuba nayiphi na idolophu encinci namhlanje inabahlali abaninzi. Ixesha elizukileyo lolu hlobo lwenzeka malunga neminyaka eyi-100.000 XNUMX eyadlulayo. Izixhobo ezifunyanisiweyo zivumela oososayensi ukuba baqinisekise ukuba banamandla amakhulu ophuhliso lwengqondo.

Nangona inani labo lincinci, iifossil ezichithakeleyo zifunyenwe, ezibonisa ukuba ziyafumaneka kwilizwekazi laseYurophu. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ngeza kufikelela kuMbindi weAsia. Ubudlelwane phakathi kweNeanderthals kunye neHomo sapiens ngamanye amaxesha iyaphikisana nombono wokuzivelela komgama. Imeko yangoku yahluke mpela.

Iindidi ezininzi zolu hlobo ziye zabelana ngomhlaba kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kwaye zihlala kwezinye iingingqi. AmaNeanderthal ahlala eYurophu, UHomo sapiens wayehlala eAfrika kwaye ezinye iintlobo ezinje ngeHomo erectus zeza empuma.

Ubuchule bophando obusetyenziselwe ukufunda okungakumbi ngale ntlobo buhamba indlela ende ekutyhilekeni kwembonakalo yabantu. Itekhnoloji yohlalutyo lwe-DNA. Njengoko sonke sisazi, xa uHomo sapiens wayishiya iAfrika, uHomo sapiens kunye neNeanderthal bahlala eYurophu. Kodwa kuncinci okwaziwayo malunga nokuhlala kunye. Enkosi kuphando olupapashiweyo malunga ne-Neanderthal genome, siyazi ukuba abantu basenayo phantse i-3% ye-DNA ye-Neanderthal. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ukudibanisa phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini, nangona kunjalo ngendlela ethile.

Ukuqala kokuxutywa phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini kuthathe ixesha elide kunokuba bekucingwa ngaphambili. Malunga neminyaka eyi-100.000 XNUMX eyadlulayo, abantu bezi ntlobo zimbini babekhona kwindawo enye. Ezinye izangqa zesayensi zisaphikisana ngokuphela kweeNeanderthals. Kukho iithiyori, kodwa akukho nanye inokumiliselwa njengechanekileyo. Ukuvela kwedatha entsha kubonakala ngathi kudlula kumzuzu kanye xa zanyamalala iintlobo.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba xa iYurophu iqala ukuphola ngokubonakalayo, iqala ukunyamalala, into ethetha ukuba yehle kubutyebi bendalo. Malunga nesizathu sokunyamalala kwakhe, ezinye iingcali zichaze ukuba lusenokuba lutshintsho lwemozulu esisandula ukuluchaza. Ezinye iingcali zibanga ukuba isizathu sokuduka kweNeanderthal kunokuba kungenxa yokufika kweHomo sapiens. Le ithiyori ayisekelwanga kakuhle, kuba sibonile ukuba kukho umnqamlezo phakathi kwabo.

Ke ngoko, eyona hypothesis yokugqibela isebenzayo ekuzanywe ukungqina ngayo yile inani leHomo sapiens li-10 ngaphezulu kwenani lamaNeanderthal. Oku kubangele ukhuphiswano lwezixhobo zendalo kwaye ezinye izifo zichaphazele iiNeanderthals kuneHomo sapiens. Ukwenza oku, songeza umnqamlezo phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini, oko kuthetha ukunyamalala kohlobo lwangaphambili.

Curiosities

inkcubeko homo neanderthalensis

Phakathi kwezinto zakudala ezifunyenweyo zeNeanderthal, safumanisa ukuba ezinye zazo zibonelela ngolwazi olwaneleyo lokuqonda iimpawu zazo zomzimba. Bazivumelanisa nengqele kuba kwafuneka baphile kwindawo ephawulwe lixesha lokugqibela lomkhenkce. Oku kuyabanyanzela ukuba baziqhelanise nemozulu ebanda kakhulu ukuze baphile. Kolu hlengahlengiso, sifumanisa ukuba ixesha liyancipha. Impumlo iphinda ibanzi ukuze ikwazi ukuthabatha ivumba ukusuka kumgama omkhulu. Khange bume ekuphakameni kwabo kuba ubunobude obuphakathi kwe-1.65 yeemitha.

Nangona ekuqaleni yayicinga loo nto Ukutya kwe-Neanderthal kwakusisiseko sokutyaIzifundo zamva nje zibonise ukuba ukutya kwabo kwahlukile kwaye kulungelelaniswe nokusingqongileyo. Babandakanya iimollusk, iintlanzi, amatywina, iifudo zaselwandle kunye neentaka, kunye neziqhamo kunye nemifuno etyebileyo (phantse i-80% yokutya kwabo).

Bawazi umlilo kwaye bawusebenzisa ekhitshini, kwaye ikhemesti ekrelekrele kakhulu, ezibandakanya i-poplar bark njenge-reliever ye-natural pain. Inyani ebalulekileyo yeyokuba intlenge yayo ibonisa uhlobo oluthile lokutya abantu, ekucacayo ukuba aluhambelani nexesha elixineneyo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga i-homo neanderthalensis.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya uluvo lwakho

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. ezidingekayo ziphawulwe *

*

*

  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
  6. Amalungelo: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unganciphisa, uphinde uphinde ucime ulwazi lwakho.