I-geologists efanelekileyo kwimbali

Kuyo yonke imbali yeplanethi yethu kuye kwakho utshintsho oluninzi kwinqanaba lejoloji. Olu tshintsho luye lwafundwa ngenxa yegalelo elikhulu elenziwe yisayensi kuluntu lwethu. Umntu ofunda i-geology waziwa njenge-geologist. Kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu kuye kwakho iingcali zejioloji eziye zanikezela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo oluninzi malunga nendaleko kunye nokusebenza kweplanethi yethu. Ke ngoko, ziye zaqwalaselwa i-geologists ezilungileyo kwimbali.

Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi ezona geologists zibalaseleyo kwimbali kwaye banegalelo lini kuluntu lwenzululwazi.

I-geologists efanelekileyo kwimbali

UNicolas Steno

Wayengayi kuphoswa kwiqela le-geologists ezilungileyo kwimbali. Ngokuqinisekileyo wakhe weva UNicolas Steno. Ungumlinganiswa ophambili wohlaziyo lwenzululwazi ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe ngokwejoloji. Kwaye lo wayengowokuqala komhlaba kwimbali. Wafunda amayeza kwaye wahamba kulo lonke elaseYurophu ehlala eTuscany. Apho kwavela khona iqela lokuqala lezazinzulu elalikhuselwe yiGrand Duke Fernando II de Medici ukwenza uphando.

Ukubhala kwakhe kwaqala ngombulelokukwahlukana kukakrebe uyalelwe ngabaxhasi bakhe abakhokele ukuba apapashe I-Canis carchariae. Enkosi kutoliko lomhlaba kunye neerekhodi zeefosili wakwazi ukushwankathela imigaqo yokubeka Kumsebenzi odumileyo uProdomus. Inyani yile yokuba i-strata inomgaqo-nkqubo wokuma ngokuthe tye kunye nokuqhubeka ngokulandelelana. Oko kukuthi, i-substrate engaphezulu kwayo incinci kuneyona ingezantsi kwayo. Njengama-substrates, anokuqhubeka ngokulandelelana kwexesha.

UNicolás Steno nguye owabonisa ukuba iplanethi yethu inembali enokuchongwa ngokufunda amatye. Enkosi ngoku kufunyanwa, umxholo wale mihla Ixesha lejoloji.

UJames Hutton

UJames Hutton Wayengumntu ophambili kulo mzekeliso ebulela kwimfundiso yakhe yePlutonism. Ngeli xesha, bekukho iNeptunism kunye nentlekele ezazingumbono ophambili. Le geologist ikhusele imvelaphi engapheliyo yegranite kunye namatye eentaba-mlilo. Le modeli ibizwa ngokuba yiPlutonism. Ndiyabulela ekusebenziseni kwakhe, uye wabandakanywa kwiqela le-geologists ezilungileyo kwimbali.

Emva kwexesha waqala ukuchaza umxholo womjikelo wejoloji kwaye wakhomba ukuba iinkqubo zejoloji zisebenza ixesha elide kwaye iintlekele kunye nongenelelo lobuthixo ziyafuneka ukucacisa imbali yoMhlaba. Wayekwangumanduleli wobunyani kunye nokukhulelwa kwexesha elinzulu. Kwiminyaka kamva le ngcamango yayiza kuphakanyiswa nguCharles Lyell.

UWillian smith

Esi sazinzulu yayingumvavanyi owayekhe wafunda ngokusisiseko iLondon Basin ngexesha lotshintsho kwimizi-mveliso. Enye yeengxaki athe lo mntu wangabinako ukugqama kakhulu kukuba wayenezinga lentlalo elingamvumeli ukuba afunde eyunivesithi. Engakwazi ukufunda eyunivesithi, waqalisa ukusebenza njengomhlohli ofundela umsebenzi, ngelo xesha owawungumsebenzi oxabiseke kakhulu.

Abavavanyi babebaluleke kakhulu kwimigodi yamalahle, kuphuhliso lweinjini zeshishini nasekwakheni imijelo yokuhambisa amanzi. KwiBasin yaseLondon, bekukho izakhiwo zejoloji ezilula ezinamanqanaba ahluke kakuhle. Wakwazi ukuqinisekisa iifosili ezazinamaleko xa uloliwe wayekhona. Ezi zahlulo zihlala zisenzeka ngokulandelelana. Le yindlela enokuthi isekwe ngayo ixesha ngalinye leefosili ezihambelanayo. Ngombulelo kula mafosholo kwenzeka ukuba sinike iminyaka yobudala kwisiqwengana.

Enkosi kule sayensi, ukuzalwa ekucingelwa ukuba yokwahlulahlula. Wenza imephu yokuqala yokwakheka komhlaba kwimbali emelwe kwimephu yendawo. Inokusebenza ngemibala eyahlukeneyo kwaye ibiyimephu etshintshe umhlaba.

Igigeges ezinzima

Wayengomnye wee-anatomists ezinkulu zexesha lakhe kwaye wayenandipha udumo olukhulu kunye nefuthe. Akazange afunde kuphela i-geology kodwa wayephethe kwakhona ukuphonononga ulwazi olwalunalo malunga nezilwanyana. Igigeges ezinzima wayengumseki we paleontology njengesayensi kwaye waba ngowokuqala ukuqinisekisa izibakala ezibalulekileyo. Phakathi kwezi ziganeko zibalulekileyo yayikukucima kwezinto eziphilayo kunye neentlekele ezikhoyo emhlabeni. Zonke ezi ziganeko ngequbuliso nezothusayo ziguqule ubomi eMhlabeni.

Owona msebenzi usisazinzulu yayiyinqaku eliphambili lokucinga ngendaleko yexesha. Ubonakalise amandla amakhulu okuba akwazi ukwakha kwakhona iifosili kwanakwiziqwenga ezincinci.

UCharles Lyell

Esinye isazinzulu esiliqela leengcali zejoloji ezimbalini. Wayeligqwetha ngoqeqesho kunye nomntu ophambili onoxanduva lokusasaza zonke izimvo malunga nobunyani. YeHutton. Ezi zimvo zibonise ukuba okwangoku sisitshixo sexesha elidlulileyo. Inkulungwane emva kokuzalwa UCharles Lyell kwaye kwakungokufa kukaHutton awathi uCharles Darwin walinganisa imigaqo-geology.

UAlfred Wegener

Babengusosayensi waseJamani, izazi zemozulu ze-geophysicists. UAlfred Wegener umphuhlisi we Ithiyori yokuhamba kwelizwekazi. Wayeqeqeshwa njenge-astronomer kodwa kamva wazinikela kwimeteorology. Yehlile kwimbali yokuba yeyokuqala ukukhusela i-geological hypothesis ebandakanya ubudlelwane bokukhukuliseka kwamazwekazi. Wafa ngumkhenkce eGreenland ngo-1930, kuhambo apho wayefuna ubungqina bokuxhasa umbono wakhe.

Phakathi kwedatha awayexhomekeke kuyo ukukhusela ithiyori ye I-Continental drift ikhankanye ukuba ilizwekazi elinye lalikhona kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, eyathi yalibiza ngokuba yiPangea. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, le nto ibalaseleyo yaqhekeka kwaye kwaqala ukwahlukana. Ekugqibeleni, amazwekazi athatha indawo anayo namhlanje. Wayekwasekwa nakwezinye iifosili awayekwazi ukuzishicilela nakwimimandla yelizwekazi yanamhlanje ehambelana kunye nokufana okumangalisayo.

Ithiyori yokukhukuliseka kwilizwekazi yayichanekile kodwa ingaphelelanga. Emva kwexesha yaziwa ngokubulela ku Amacwecwe eTectonic ukuba zikhona Ukuhanjiswa kwemisinga kwingubo yasemhlabeni yezo zibangela ukuhamba kwamazwekazi. UAlfred Wegener akakwazanga ukunika ubungqina bokuba kutheni amazwekazi etshintshile.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nejoloji eziphambili kwimbali.