homo ergaster

ubuso homo ergaster

Ngaphakathi kookhokho bomntu sinayo homo ergaster. Imalunga ne-hominid eyavela kwilizwekazi lase-Afrika malunga neminyaka ezi-2 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Oko kwafunyanwa amathambo aba bantu, bekukho impikiswano enkulu phakathi kweengcali. Abanye bacinga ukuba olu hlobo kunye Homo erectus zizinto ezifanayo, ngelixa ezinye iingcali zibanga ukuba ziindidi ezahlukeneyo.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, imvelaphi kunye nezinto ezibonisa umdla kwi homo ergaster.

Iimpawu eziphambili

homo ergaster

Ithiyori exhaphakileyo namhlanje kukuba olu hlobo lomntu yayingukhokho ngqo ka Homo erectus. Kuqwalaselwa njenge I-hominid yokuqala enokushiya ilizwekazi lase-Afrika. I-anatomy enolu hlobo imele ukutsiba ngaphezulu kwezinye iintlobo zangaphambili. Ngale ndlela, siqaqambisa ubude obunokufikelela kwiimitha eziyi-1.8. Njengazo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo, le ibonakala ngokukhethekileyo ngokuba namandla amakhulu e-cranial. Obu buchule wayenabo bungaphezulu lee kookhokho bakhe. Ngesi sizathu, ababhali abaninzi bajonga ukuba ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwenyama kuchaza ukwanda kweli khono.

Iguqulelwe, homo ergaster kuthetha umntu osebenzayo. Olu hlobo luzise uphuculo olukhulu ekwandisweni kwezixhobo kwaye izixhobo zalo zaqala ukuba nzima. Ngokuba nomgangatho ongcono kwezi zitya, kwakunokwenzeka ukuthanda ubuchule bokuzingela kunye nayo yonke eminye imisebenzi yoluntu.

Izifundo ezenziweyo kule hominid zithetha ukuba iingcali zinokuyithatha njengendlalifa ye homo habilis. Kwelinye icala, abanye ababhali abavumelani ngokupheleleyo noku kwaye akukho kuvunyelwana ngokupheleleyo. Zininzi iipaleoanthropologists ezicinga ukuba ibinokuba luhlobo olunye. Ezona ntsalela zokuqala zamakhakhayi ababhinqileyo zibhalwe malunga ne-1.75 yezigidi zeminyaka ubudala.

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezifunyanisiweyo yeyowe-1984. Kwavunjululwa amathambo enkwenkwana eneminyaka eli-11 ubudala aza avunyelwa ukuba kufundwe amalungu omzimba wakhe. Phakathi kweempawu ezibalasele kakhulu kukuphakama kwakhe. Wayemalunga ne-1.6 yeemitha ubude ngomhla wokufa kwakhe, ke inokufikelela kwiimitha eziyi-1.8. Umthamo wokhakhayi wawumalunga ne-880 iisentimitha ze-cubic kwaye umzimba wayo wawunesakhiwo sawo onke amathambo afana kakhulu nalawo womntu wangoku.

Ukuthandana kunye nobume bendawo ye homo ergaster

i-homo erectus

Lo mkhwa wokuziphatha ngexesha I-Middle Pleistocene epoch malunga ne-1.9 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Iidipozithi eziye zafunyanwa zatyhila ukuba indawo yokuhlala yabo yendalo apho usuku kunye nobomi baphuculweyo yayise-Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya nase Eritrea. Kuwo wonke lo mmandla imozulu ekhoyo yayomile kakhulu kwaye imbalela yathatha malunga neminyaka engama-100.000 XNUMX.

Ezinye iingcali ziyavuma ukuba homo ergaster yayiyinto yokuqala yokuzimela enokushiya ilizwekazi laseAfrika. Ngombulelo kolu fuduko, lukwazile ukuziqhelanisa nezinye iindawo zeplanethi apho ezinye iimeko zemozulu, utyani kunye nezilwanyana ziphambili. Phambi kokushiya ilizwekazi lase-Afrika, yanda kuwo wonke lo mmandla, isenza umtsi ku-Middle East Asia phakathi kweminyaka eyi-1.8 kunye ne-1.4 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba weza kuhlala kwiindawo eCaucasus. Ezinye izidumbu zifunyenwe eSpain nase-Italiya ukusuka kwiminyaka ezizigidi ezi-1.4 eyadlulayo.

Zininzi iingcali zesayensi eziqinisekisa ukuba ikhawuleze yanikezela indlela Homo erectus njengomanduleli. Ezinye izazinzulu zibanga ukuba zezinye iintlobo ezifanayo ezahlukileyo kuluhlu lwazo. Kwintsimi yemfuza sifumana iyantlukwano kwimfuza kuxhomekeke kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukuba uhlobo lukhula kwindawo eyahlukileyo kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba iphuhlise ezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo zokuzivelela kwezinto. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba uhlobo lwahlukile, kodwa luyavela ngenxa yolunye uthotho lokuziqhelanisa.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze homo ergaster

Ilifa le-homo ergaster

Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zomzimba anazo lo mntu. Ukhakhayi lwayo lwalunombono we-supraorbital. Indawo yamashiya yayincinci kakhulu kunaleyo yookhokho, nangona yayinkulu kunaleyo yangoku yomntu. Ubunzima obu-oscillated babuphakathi kwama-52 kunye nama-68 kg kwaye babepheke ngokupheleleyo. Imilenze yakhe inde kwaye akukho bungqina bokuba limorphism yesini ephawuliweyo. Oku kuchaza ukuba kwakungekho mahluko ngokwenzekayo phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini. Phakathi kwabo babenokwenza phantse imisebenzi efanayo ngaphandle kwesini.

Ukubonakala kobuso kwaphawulwa yimpumlo ethe kratya kunye nomhlathi namazinyo amancinci kunalawo Homo habilis. Ukukhula kobuchopho kwakukhuthazwa lutshintsho kwindlela yokutya, kwaye isifuba sakhe sancipha saya emagxeni akhe, ngelixa amathambo akhe ethanga emide.

Eminye imiba yomzimba evelise utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwindlela yokulawula ubushushu bangaphakathi. Kwaye kunokubangela ukubila kwaye kumenze ukuba alahlekelwe ziinwele zomzimba kwixesha eliphakathi nelide. Iinwele zentloko zavela kwimiphunga. Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba lo mntu ebesiya ephethe ukwenza imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi, ke ifuna amandla ngakumbi kunye neoksijini ukuze ikwazi ukuyiphumeza.

Ukuphefumla kuyeke ukuba ngumlomo kuphela kwaye kwaqala nokuphefumla ngempumlo. Yile ndlela babenako ngayo ukuphila kwindawo evulekileyo apho ukwanda kokuhamba kwakubalulekile ukuze babaleke amarhamncwa nokuzingela amaxhoba abo.

Ukuziphatha

Iingcali ezininzi zithi phakathi kweendlela zokuziphatha ze homo ergaster akusekho kusetyenziswa imithi ukuze ushukume. Yile ndlela wakwazi ngayo ukuyishiya ngokupheleleyo imeko yeembophelelo zookhokho bakhe kwaye waphila emhlabeni kuphela. Zii-hominids ezingaphezulu kwesitayile kwaye i-anatomy yazo iye yaqhelana nendalo ababehlala kuyo. Ukuhlala kwi-savannah, kwakungasebenzi kakuhle ukusuka emithini. Zahamba ngendlela efana naleyo yomntu wanamhlanje.

Ukuba siya kwinkalo yentlalontle, baseka ubudlelwane obuntsonkothileyo eluntwini. Ulwimi oluthethwayo luvele nangona ingezizo zonke izazinzulu ezivumelana noku.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungazi ngakumbi malunga homo ergaster kunye neempawu zabo.


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