Indalo isinika izinto ezininzi ezintle nezimnandi ezifana nevumba lemvula. Ngokuqinisekileyo livumba elikulethela umnqweno kunye nemvakalelo yokuhamba kwexesha kwaye uyayithanda. Emva kwexesha elide lembalela, xa amathontsi okuqala emvula esiwa, ungabona ivumba elithozamisayo elithumela iatmosferi yonke kwaye lisilumkise ukuba ixesha leemvula lisondele. Nangona kunjalo, uluntu ngokubanzi alwazi ukuba yeyiphi indlela ebangela umoya uthathe eli vumba. Inkcazo yoku ikwikhompiyutha ebizwa ngokuba geosmin elijongene neli vumba laziwa ngegama petricor.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngegeosmin, iimpawu zayo kunye nokuba kutheni inika ivumba lemvula.
Yintoni
Xa sithetha nge-petricor sibhekisa kwivumba elineempawu zokuba imvula iqala xa ina, ngakumbi emva kwexesha elide lembalela. Eli vumba linxila lonke lomoya ngenxa yecandelo elibizwa ngokuba yigeosmin. I-Geosmin yinkomfa ejongene nokufihla izigidi zebhaktheriya xa imvula iwela emhlabeni.
Oyena mntu uphambili ekuveliseni i-geosmin yibhaktheriya I-Streptomyces coelicolor. Kukwaziwa ngegama le-bacteria ka-Albert. Kunye nezinye icyanobacteria kunye nezinye izinto zomngundo ezihlala emhlabeni zezo zenziwa zisebenze xa imvula ifumile emhlabeni. IGeosmin ayikho nje kuphela kumasuntswana adadayo emoyeni emva kokufika kwemvula. Ikwayinto enika uphawu lwevumba leebhitethi. Siyazi ukuba i-beet inevumba lomhlaba elivelayo ngaphandle nje kokuba zivulwe.
Enye yeendawo apho sifumana khona i-geosmin kukuvumba kwezinye iwayini.
Ukusasazeka kunye nesenzo se-geosmin
Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi ezona ndlela ziphambili zokwenza i-geosmin kunye nendlela abawusasaza ngayo umoya. Ngethuba lokuqala izazinzulu zigxile ekubeni nako ukucacisa indlela i-geosmin ekwazi ngayo ukusasaza emoyeni. Ukucacisa oku, iqela labaphandi lisebenzise iikhamera ezikhawulezayo kunye ne-inki ebengezelayo. Baye bakusebenzisa oku ukuze bakwazi ukwenza umboniso bhanya-bhanya ngokweenkcukacha okwenzekayo xa amathontsi eempembelelo zamanzi emhlabeni ogcwele ibhaktiriya ekhankanywe ngasentla.
Emva kokwenza ushicilelo kwafunyaniswa ukuba, xa ithontsi lamanzi liwa, Ubamba amaqamza amancinci omoya aze awaphule emhlabeni. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ithontsi lamanzi lizinze, amaqamza amanzi anyukela phezulu aze aqhume, eqikelela iijets ezincinci ezihambisa amasuntswana amanzi emoyeni. Kunokuthiwa into efanayo iyenzeka xa igesi ikhutshwa kwisiselo esenziwe ngekhabhoni njenge-champagne okanye ibhiya. La maqamza ahamba phezulu ebhuthini ukuze adubuleke emoyeni xa efikelela ngaphezulu.
Nje ukuba iqhume, isixa esincinci seerosol sikhutshwa emhlabeni esinoxanduva lokusasazeka kwephunga lepetric. Ngamanye amasuntswana anoxanduva lokuhambisa amawaka eebhaktiriya ezikwaziyo ukuhlala kude kube iyure enye emoyeni. Ke, i-petricor ihlala ingahlali ixesha elide kuneli xesha. Ezi bhaktheriya zinoxanduva lwevumba lomhlaba omtsha esiwuqaphelayo xa kunethayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwebhaktheriya ye-geosmin
Kukho izifundo ezahlukeneyo ezidibanisa ezi bhaktheriya kunye nezinye izinto kunye nezixhobo ezinokunikwa. Zombini i-geosmin kunye neebhaktiriya ezifihlakeleyo ngexesha lokuna kwemvula azinabungozi ebantwini. Ukongeza, kuyaziwa ukuba zisetyenziselwa ukufumana uluhlu olude lwamachiza phakathi kwee-arhente ze-antibacterial ezifana i-tetracycline, i-erythromycin, i-rifampin, okanye i-kanamycin, kunye nezinto zokubulala ezinjenge-nystatin.
Olunye usetyenziso lwesifundo se-geosmin lufezekiswa emva kolwazi lweziseko zeemolekyuli kunye ne-biosynthesis ye-geosmin. Ukwazi ukuba isebenza kanjani le khompawundi, abo balandeli bewayini intle banokuxhamla kwaye ngakumbi abantu abanolwazelelelo ngakumbi ukunika. Ubukho be-geosmin bunokuba bubusuku bokwenyani kubavelisi bewayini, kuba ubukho bezi mvumba bunokonakalisa iimpawu zemveliso. Ngombulelo kulwazi lwe-biosynthesis yale ndawo, ezinye iingcebiso zinokunikwa malunga nendlela yokunciphisa okanye yokuphelisa ubukho bayo kwezinye iwayini ukuphucula umgangatho wazo.
Nangona kungabonakala ngathi kunxulumene inkalakahla yeewayini ezinxanelwe iinkamela zinxulumene ngokupheleleyo. Ukubaluleka kwale nto kwinqanaba lebhayoloji kuyabandakanyeka ekusindeni kweenkamela entlango. IGeosmin yimolekyuli eyayiluphawu kwiinkamela zokuba amanzi asondele. Kwaye ezinye iinkamela entlango yeGobi ziyakwazi ukufumana amanzi ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-80. Inyaniso yokuba iinkamela zinokufumana amanzi ukusuka kude yinto eyachazwa zizazinzulu iminyaka emininzi.
Ngokufunyanwa kwe-geosmin kunye neempawu zayo, kunokuba sisixhobo sezilwanyana ukusasaza iimbewu zezi ntsholongwane ukuba zikwazi ukwazi apho kukho amanzi.
Kubonakala ngathi entlango, iStreptomyces ikhupha i-geosmin kumhlaba ofumileyo, onokuthi uthathwe zizamkeli ze-olfactory kwiienkamela. Kucingelwa ukuba ivumba le-geosmin linokuba sisixhobo sezilwanyana sokusasaza imbewu yezi ntsholongwane. Ke, xa iinkamela zisela amanzi, basasaza ii-spores naphina apho baya khona bencedisa ekusasazeni kwabo. Kodwa le ndawo ibonakala ingenamsebenzi, geosmin, inokuba ngumcimbi wobomi kunye nokufa kweenkamela. Ukuba utshintsho kwimfuza lwenzeka kwindalo kungoyikeka kwezi zilwanyana. Ukongeza, kungekuphela nje ukuba iinkamela zitsalelekile kwivumba le-geosmin, kodwa ezinye iintshulube kunye nezinambuzane ziyakwazi ukujolisa ekuphumeni kwezi ntsholongwane.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngegeosmin kunye neempawu zayo.