Geomagnetism

Isijikelezi-langa sethu sinemagnethi eyenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokukhusela kwimitha yelanga yelanga. Inzululwazi efunda ngemvelaphi, iipropathi kunye nokwahluka kwala magnethi yomhlaba kuthiwa geomagnetism. Kule posi siza kuthetha nge-geomagnetism kunye nazo zonke iimpawu zayo.

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga ne-geomagnetism, qhubeka ufunda.

Yintoni i-geomagnetism

Iplanethi yethu inemagnethi enokubonwa ukusuka kwindawo enye kwaye inemvelaphi emibini: enye yangaphakathi kunye neyangaphandle. IGeomagnetism yinzululwazi enoxanduva lokufunda ngemvelaphi, iipropathi kunye neeholide zeli lizwe lomazibuthe. Iipali zemagneti zezi zifumaneka kwiindawo apho i-axis yedipole inqamleza umphezulu womhlaba. I-equator ye-magnetic yindiza ejikelezayo kule axis. Yintsimi yemithombo yangaphakathi kwaye ayihlali rhoqo kwiyunifomu yam. Njengoko ixesha liqhubeka, sibona umahluko okhawulezileyo kumaxesha ngamaxesha, okona kubalulekileyo kukuba iyahluka ngethuba leeyure ezingama-24. Oku kwahluka kuyaziwa njengokwahluka ngokwasemhlabeni.

Imagnethi yomhlaba kwimvelaphi yangaphandle yeyona ibangelwa ikakhulu ngumsebenzi welanga kwi-ionosphere nakwimagnetosphere. Kukho amanye ama-oscillations amaxesha ngamaxesha anjengokwahluka kwenyanga, umahluko wonyaka kunye nokwahluka okungafaniyo nonyaka. Kukwakho ukwahluka okukhawulezileyo okuvela kwimvelaphi yangaphandle enje ngemagnific pulsation, ibays, izaqhwithi zemagnethi kunye nefuthe lechromospheric.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Xa sithetha ngendawo yomhlaba ye-geomagnetic sibona ukuba olona phawu luphambili kukuba yidipolar. Oku kuthetha ukuba ineepali ezimbini. Kwelinye icala sinepali yasemantla kwelinye icala icala lasezantsi. Zombini ezi zibonda ziyafana. Ingathi ziziphelo zemagnethi. Ndiyabulela kule khampasi yentsimi esebenzayo. Le ntsimi yemagnethi ibuthathaka kumhlaba, ngenxa yoko iikhampasi zenziwa ngokongeza umazibuthe omncinci.

Kwibala lemagnethi, kuveliswa imigca yentelekelelo egxile ikakhulu kwiipali. Ipali yasemantla ngemagnethi yipali esemazantsi yentsimi ye-geomagnetic, ngelixa ipali ye-geomagnetic yasemazantsi yipali esemantla eyaziwa ngokubanzi.

Ukusinika umbono, ngokungathi iplanethi yethu inemagnethi enkulu ngaphakathi kuyo kwaye neziphelo zayo zikhomba ezipalini. Isalathiso salomazibuthe ayicacanga ngokuthe ngqo. Ukuqala kumacala asembindini, uyakufumana ibha ikhutshiwe kancinci. Le yinto eyaziwa ngokuba kukuncipha komhlaba. Umahluko phakathi kwe-geographic north kunye ne-geomagnetic north uboniswa yikhampasi. Luhlobo lwe-engile eyohluka ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko esikuyo nakwimozulu.

Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, amandla oMhlaba ozibuthe atshintsha kule minyaka idlulileyo. Okwangoku, i-geomagnetism ifunda ukuba amandla omhlaba omhlaba athambekele kwi-angle ye-10 degrees ngokubhekiselele kwi-axis yokujikeleza kweplanethi. Siyakhumbula ukuba i-axis yokujikeleza kweplanethi ine-23 degrees.

Le ntsimi yemagneti isuka ngaphakathi kwiplanethi iye kwindawo engaphandle. Ngaphandle kwendawo engaphandle apho idibana khona ndibize umoya welanga. Umoya welanga yinto ebizwa ngokuba kukuhamba kwamasuntswana akhutshwa elangeni kwaye ahlawuliswe ii-elektroni, iiproton kunye nealpha amasuntswana.

I-Geomagnetism kwiZiko leLizwe leJografi

Inkonzo ehlola i-geomagnetism ineyona njongo iphambili yokufunda kunye nokulinganisa umhlaba womazibuthe kumhlaba ngamnye welizwe. Ukwenza oku, yiba neendawo zokujonga ezisetyenziselwa ukurekhoda ngokuqhubekayo zonke izinto eziguqukayo ezisebenza kumazibuthe. Idatha ifunyenwe kwiindawo zokujonga ezahlukeneyo kwaye zilungiswa ukuvelisa iincwadi zonyaka ze-geomagnetic.

Imilinganiselo yenziwa kwizikhululo eziphindayo kwaye uxinaniso lwenziwa kancinci rhoqo kwindawo ekuthiwa ziimephu. Amaxabiso awahlukeneyo anokufunyanwa ngokuchasanisa phakathi kwezinye iindawo kunye nenye kwiplanethi. Masingalibali ukuba umhlaba womazibuthe womhlaba awenzi ngokulinganayo kuwo onke amacala. Oku kuthetha ukuba uhlobo lwebalografi kufuneka lucaciswe kwinqanaba lehlabathi ukuze kusekwe izinto eziguqukayo ezisebenza kutshintsho lwezinto zomhlaba womazibuthe.

Kukho iindawo ezithile kwiplanethi apho iicartographies zingenziwanga. Umzekelo, oku kuyenzeka kwiiCanary Islands. Kungenxa yokuba kwezi ziqithi kukho impembelelo enamandla kwindalo yazo ye-volcanic eyenza ukwenza imephu kwezi zikali kungafezekiseki. Idatha efunyenwe kwezi zibhengezo ze-geomagnetic isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yophando eyahlukeneyo kunye nokusebenzisana neminye imibutho yamanye amazwe.

Oonobangela be-geomagnetism

Imvelaphi ye-geomagnetism iphantsi koMhlaba. Njengoko sele sazi, iplanethi yethu inezinto ezininzi maleko angaphakathi. Izazinzulu zicinga ukuba undoqo wangaphakathi wenziwe ngentsimbi eqinileyo kwaye ujikelezwe luhlobo lwesinyithi eshushu kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba ukuhamba kwesinyithi kudala imisinga yombane, umhlaba wamagnetic wenziwe.

Kungenxa yokuba iplanethi yethu nayo ijikeleza, inegalelo kobu bushushu ukuze ikwazi ukuphuma ukusuka embindini ukuya kwezinye iindawo ezingaphakathi. Indawo yemagnethi yomhlaba yenziwa ngamandla ombane abekwe phezulu kwimithombo emininzi. Imvelaphi enye ingaphakathi kwaye enye ingaphandle. Imvelaphi yangaphakathi inoxanduva ngaphezulu kwe-90% yentsimi ye-magnetic. Imvelaphi yangaphakathi ayizinzanga kodwa iyahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umahluko kumhlaba womazibuthe womhlaba uvela ngaphezulu kwexesha elide kwaye ufuna uhlaziyo lweemodeli ezizifundayo.

Njengoko ubona, i-geomagnetism yinzululwazi ethi izame ukufunda ngendaleko, iimpawu kunye notshintsho olwenzeka kwiplanethi yethu ngokubhekisele kumazibuthe oMhlaba.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-geomagnetism.