Eyona nto iqhelekileyo ukuqwalasela isiqithi kukucinga ukuba banobungakanani obuncinci. Noko ke, oku akunjalo. Ehlabathini kukho iziqithi ezinobukhulu obukhulu ezihlala abantu abaninzi njengeJapan. Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba yintoni na esona siqithi sikhulu ehlabathini.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba yeyiphi isiqithi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iimpawu zayo kunye nendlela yokuphila.
Esona siqithi sikhulu ehlabathini
Kukho iindidi eziliwaka kunye nenye yeziqithi. Ubukhulu obahlukeneyo, iimilo, izityalo, izilwanyana, imozulu kunye nejografi. Kwaye, nangona iziqithi ezininzi zenziwe ngokwemvelo, ezinye, njengeFlevopolder kunye neRené-Levasseur Island, zenziwe ngabantu, oko kukuthi zakhiwe ngabantu.
Kukho iziqithi emilanjeni nasemachibini, kodwa ezona ziqithi zikhulu ziselwandle. Kukwakho nezazi ngejografi ezigqala iOstreliya njengesiqithi nangona iphantse iphindwe kane ubukhulu beGreenland. Ngaphezu koko, phantse akunakwenzeka ukwazi inani elichanileyo leziqithi ezihlala kwisijikelezi-langa sethu. Kuyacaca ukuba ulwandle alukhange luhlolwe ngokupheleleyo. Namhlanje, kuphela 30 iziqithi ezaziwayo ukuba zikhona kunye nommandla ukusuka 2.000 ukuya 2.499 square kilometers.
Iziqithi ezihlanu zeSiqithi saseBaffin, iSiqithi saseMadagascar, iSiqithi saseBorneo, iSiqithi saseNew Guinea, kunye neGreenland ubuncinci bungama-500.000 eekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, ngoko ke iTop1 yethu ilapha.
IGreenland sesona siqithi sikhulu kunye nekuphela kwesiqithi esinommandla ongaphezulu kwesigidi seekhilomitha. Umphezulu wayo i-2,13 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, phantse ikota yobukhulu beOstreliya esikhankanywe ngasentla.
Eyaziwa ngokuba ngumkhenkce omkhulu kunye ne-tundra enkulu, iikota ezintathu zesiqithi zigqunywe kuphela kwe-ice sheet esisigxina ekhoyo (ngethemba lokuba iya kuba khona iminyaka emininzi), kunye ne-Antarctica. Ikomkhulu layo nesona sixeko sikhulu, iNuuk, likhaya labantu abamalunga nesinye kwisithathu sabemi besi siqithi.
Kwaye kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eli lizwe yeyona ndawo inabemi abaninzi emhlabeni, kwaye uninzi lwabantu baseGreenland ngama-Inuit okanye amaEskimo. Sekunjalo, namhlanje esi siqithi siyindawo ethandwayo ngabakhenkethi. Ngokwezopolitiko ngummandla ozimeleyo waseDenmark, nangona igcina inkululeko enkulu yezopolitiko kunye norhulumente oqinileyo. Kubantu abangama-56.000 16.000 abahlala eGreenland, abali-XNUMX XNUMX bahlala kwikomkhulu laseNuuk, elihlala kwidolophu elikomkhulu. Imi kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-240 ukusuka kumbindi weArctic kwaye lelona komkhulu lingasentla ehlabathini.
Ngokukodwa, iNew Guinea (isiqithi sesibini esikhulu kunazo zonke) yisiqithi esiphezulu kwihlabathi kwi-5.030 yeemitha ngaphezu kolwandle kwaye likhaya leyona ndawo iphakamileyo e-Oceania. Ngesiqingatha esisentshona seNew Guinea, iSumatra, iSulawesi, neJava, iIndonesia lelona lizwe likhulu ehlabathini.
Ezinye iziqithi ezikhulu ehlabathini
ENueva Guinea
Kwizikwekhilomitha ezingama-785.753 XNUMX, iNew Guinea sisiqithi sesibini ngobukhulu ehlabathini. Ngokwezopolitiko, esi siqithi sahlulwe saziinxalenye ezimbini, enye inxalenye lilizwe elizimeleyo iPapua New Guinea kwaye elinye libizwa ngokuba yiWestern New Guinea, ekummandla waseIndonesia.
Imi kumda osentshona woLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, kumantla eOstreliya, ngoko kukholelwa ukuba iNew Guinea yayiyeyelizwekazi kumaxesha akude. Into emangalisayo ngesi siqithi kukuba sihlala kwiindawo ezininzi eziphilayo, sinokufumana ukusuka kwi-5% ukuya kwi-10% yezilwanyana ezipheleleyo emhlabeni.
IBorneo
Incinci kancinci kuneNew Guinea yiBorneo, isiqithi sesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni kwi-748.168 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha kunye nesiqithi kuphela kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia. Njengakwimeko yangaphambili, apha sikwafumana iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nenani elikhulu leentlobo, abaninzi babo babesengoziniNjengehlosi eligqunywe ngamafu. Isisongelo sale paradesi incinane sibangelwa kukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokuqatha ukususela ngeminyaka yee-1970, ekubeni abemi balapha bengenawo umhlaba ochumileyo wokulima ngokwesithethe yaye kuye kwafuneka babhenele ekugawuleni baze bathengise iinkuni zabo.
Izizwe ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zihlala kwisiqithi saseBorneo; I-Indonesia ukuya emazantsi, iMalaysia ukuya emantla kunye neBrunei, i-sultanate encinci, nangona igubungela ngaphantsi kwe-6.000 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, yindawo ecebileyo kwisiqithi.
Madagaska
Mhlawumbi esona siqithi sidumileyo, enkosi ngokuyinxenye kwiimuvi zekhathuni, IMadagascar sisiqithi sesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni esine-587.713 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha. Ibekwe kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, kude nonxweme lwaseMozambique, yahlulwe kwilizwekazi laseAfrika ngeChaneli yaseMozambique.
Bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-22 abantu abahlala kulo, uninzi lwabo ingabantu abantetho isisiMalagasy (ulwimi lwabo) nesiFrentshi, ithanga lelizwe de lafumana inkululeko ngowe-1960, abagcina ubuhlobo obusenyongweni nalo ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje.
Baffin
Ukufumana iziqithi ezi-5 zokugqibela emhlabeni, kufuneka sibuyele apho saqala khona, iGreenland. Isiqithi saseBaffin, esiyinxalenye yeKhanada, ilele phakathi kwelo lizwe kunye neGreenland, kunye inabahlali abayi-11.000 ekwandisweni kwayo kwe-507.451 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha.
Esi siqithi sisetyenziswe njengesiseko seminenga ukusukela oko safunyanwa ngabantu baseYurophu ngo-1576, kwaye namhlanje eyona misebenzi iphambili yezoqoqosho kwesi siqithi lukhenketho, imigodi kunye nokuloba, kunye nokhenketho olutsalwa ngumbono omangalisayo weZibane zaseMantla.
Kutheni iOstreliya ingesona siqithi sikhulu ehlabathini
IOstreliya ayisosona siqithi sikhulu, hayi ngenxa yokuba incinci, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ngokwejografi ayisosiqithi, kodwa lilizwekazi. Ewe, kumgangatho osemhlabeni unokuthathwa njengesiqithi kuba ingumphezulu osemhlabeni ojikelezwe ngamanzi, yiyo loo nto abaninzi beyijonga njengesiqithi. Nangona kunjalo, xa iwela kwi-tectonic plate yayo ithathwa njengelizwekazi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba siyithatha njengesiqithi, Ayinakuba lelona lizwe likhulu emhlabeni, kuba i-Antarctica lelinye, ilizwekazi lesiqithi esikhulu.
Njengoko ubona, ngokuchaseneyo nendlela oqhele ukucinga ngayo, kukho iziqithi ezinobukhulu obulikhaya lezixeko kunye nabemi abaninzi. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nesiqithi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kunye neempawu zayo.