Ngokuqinisekileyo ngamanye amaxesha ebomini bakho uvile okanye waba nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukuba ubone i Halley comet. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomfumanisi wayo, UEdmund halley. Sisazinzulu esibalulekileyo saseNgilani esaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela kwaye yiyo eyaxela kwangaphambili ukujikeleza kwe-comet eyafumana igama layo ngembeko. Nangona eyisazinzulu, uhlala ekhunjulwa ngakumbi njengesazi ngeenkwenkwezi. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi bakhe babungaphelelanga kwi-astronomy, kodwa wenza izinto ezibalulekileyo kwizifundo zezibalo, imeteorology, i-physics kunye ne-geophysics.
Kuko konke oku, siza kunikezela inqaku kuEdmund Halley kunye nebhayiloji yakhe.
Wayengubani uEdmund Halley?
Esi sazinzulu saba negalelo elikhulu Isaac Newton Umsebenzi owenziwe kumtsalane womzimba womzimba. Wayesisazinzulu sokuqala owayenokuxela kwangaphambili ukuba ii-comets ziya kubuya amaxesha ngamaxesha kufutshane noMhlaba kuba ezi comets zazine-orbit ethile.
Wazalwa ngo-Novemba 8, 1656 eLondon kwaye wasweleka nge-14 kaJanuwari ngo-1742, naseLondon. Uzalelwe eHagges kunye nenzala yosapho lwaseDerbyshire, u-Edmund Halley waqala izifundo zakhe eSaun Paul School eLondon. Intsapho yakhe yayiliqela labantu abazizityebi ababesenza isepha. Ukusetyenziswa kwesepha ngelo xesha kwakusasazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngoko kwakulungile kuye ukufumana ngaphezulu.
Utata wakhe waphulukana nelahleko enkulu ngexesha lomlilo omkhulu waseLondon. Lo mlilo wenzeka xa uHalley wayesemncinci. Ngaphandle koku, utata wakwazi ukunika unyana wakhe imfundo elungileyo. Ngombulelo kule mfundo yokuba u-Edmund Halley waba nezifundo zabucala ekhayeni lakhe. Wayengenalo nje ithamsanqa lokuba usapho olwalusisityebi, kodwa wayeyinxalenye yexesha lotshintsho kwisayensi. Le nguqulelo yiyo eyabeka iziseko zokucinga kwale mihla.
Ubukhosi ngelo xesha babuyiselwa nguCarlos II kwaye babeneminyaka emi-4. Kwiminyaka eliqela kamva, inkosi yabeka umqulu kumbutho ongacwangciswanga wefilosofi yendalo ebizwa ngokuba yi "Invisible University." Ngulo mbutho owathi kamva wakhula kwaye wabizwa ngokuba yiRoyal Society yaseLondon.
Emva kweminyaka embalwa, ngo-1673, uHalley wangena kwiKholeji yaseKumkanikazi eOxford. Kulapho ke wabekwa khona njenge-Royal Astronomer ngo-1676. Waqala ukukhuthazeka ukuba azi ngakumbi nge-astronomy kwaye waqalisa ukuyifunda nokuyiqeqesha. Kwiminyaka kamva, ngo-1696, uEdmund Halley wonyulwa njengomlawuli weChester mint. Wayexhasa uNewton ngemisebenzi yakhe emininzi. Okokugqibela, waqeshwa njenge-astronomer yasebukhosini ngo-1720 kunye nomphathi weGreenwich Observatory, apho wayesebenza khona iminyaka engama-21.
Igalelo kwinzululwazi
Siza kuthetha ngoku ngegalelo ebenalo kwinzululwazi kunye nezizathu zokuba kutheni edume kangaka.
- Okokuqala kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1682, xa wayekwazi ukuqikelela ukujikeleza kwe-comet namhlanje ebizwa ngegama lakhe, Halley's Comet. Ayisiyiyo kuphela ukuba aqikelele i-orbit, kodwa wabhengeza ngo-1758 ukuba uza kubuya, kuba ii-comets nazo zilandela i-orbit. Ngale ndlela, waye wazithethelela kwithiyori yakhe yokuba kukho ii-comets ezinee-elliptical trajectories zazo kwaye zinxulunyaniswa nezo zethu ISistema Solar.
- Elinye igalelo yayikukujoyina uNewton ukunika inkcazo malunga noomatshini bokuhamba kweplanethi.
- Ngo-1691, wancedisa ekwakhiweni kwentsimbi yokuntywila awayekwazi ukuyivavanya kuMlambo iThames. Ndiyabulela kule ntsimbi yokuntywila, UHalley wayenokuntywiliselwa ngaphezulu kweyure enesiqingatha.
- Wenza eminye imisebenzi enje nge "Synopsis astronomiae cometicae" apho wachaza khona imithetho yesindululo ayenzileyo noNewton kwii-comets.
- Akazange afumanise kuphela indlela ye-Halley's Comet, kodwa waphinda wachaza ezinye iindlela ezingama-24 ezazigcinwe ukuza kuthi ga kunyaka we-1698.
- Wakwazi ukubonisa ukuba ii-comets ezi-3 zembali ezabonwa ngo-1531, 1607 no-1682 zazifana neempawu zazo kwezo zibonwe ngo-1305, 1380 nango-1456.
- Uqikelele ukuba iHalley's Comet izakudlula kufutshane noMhlaba kwakhona ngo-1758.
- Elinye lawona magalelo abalulekileyo kwinzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi yayikukubonisa ukuba iinkwenkwezi zinentshukumo ethile kwaye nganye yazo yayonwabela okufanayo. Wenza izifundo zohlaziyo olupheleleyo lwenyanga kwaye wenza iitafile zeenkwenkwezi.
Ilifa likaEdmund Halley
Xa kukho isazinzulu esinegalelo elikhulu kwisayensi kunye nezinto ezininzi ezifunyanisiweyo, ushiya ilifa. Eli lifa yiHalley's Comet uqobo. Igama lakhe liya kuhlala lihleli ezingqondweni zabo bonke abantu abanxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-comet kwaye ukubuya kwakhe wakwazi ukuqikelela ngokuchaneka ngokupheleleyo. Uninzi lwabantu awayephila nabo kunye nesizukulwana sesazinzulu esasimlandelayo samhlonela kakhulu ngempumelelo yakhe ephezulu.
Ngamanye amaxesha, endaweni yokukhunjulwa ngokufumanisa kwakhe, Unokukhunjulwa ngcono ngokuba ngumntu owaphembelela u-Isaac Newton ukuba apapashe iMigaqo. Lo msebenzi uninzi lwabantu luthatha njengesikhumbuzo esikhulu kwimpumelelo yomntu kwinzululwazi.
UNewton wayesele enegama elaziwayo kwilizwe lezesayensi ngenxa yokufunyanwa kwangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ngekhe aliphumelele igama lakhe lokugqibela eliye lanyamezela kangangeenkulungwane ukuba wayengapapashanga ithiyithi yomxhuzulane kwindalo iphela. UHalley uyakwamkelwa njengomntu owayenombono ngekamva nowenza ukuba kwenzeke oko.
Kwilifa lakhe singabandakanya:
- Igama likaHalley's Comet Halley apho waxela kwangaphambili ukubuya.
- IHalley crater kwiMars.
- IHalley crater enyangeni.
- Isikhululo soPhando ngeHalley, eAntarctica.
Njengoko ubona, le nzulu lwazi inegalelo elikhulu kwisayensi kwiinkalo ezininzi. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngale bhayografi ungafunda ngakumbi ngoEdmund Halley.