Ukufika komntu enyangeni kwaba sisiganeko esiyimbali kulo lonke uluntu. Yenziwa ngokubulela kwimodyuli yenyanga yeApollo 11 yesiphekepheke. imodyuli yenyanga kwathatha iimpawu ezixhasa uhambo olusuka kwisijikelezi-langa sethu ukuya kwisathelayithi yethu.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neempawu zemodyuli yenyanga ye-Apollo 11, indlela eyakhiwe ngayo kunye neenkcukacha ezingakumbi malunga nohambo.
Iimpawu zeLunar Module yeApollo 11 yesiphekepheke
I-Apollo 11 Lunar Module yayisisiphekepheke esavumela uNeil Armstrong kunye no-Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin ukuba behle baye kumphezulu weNyanga ngo-1969. aka "Eagle", yayenzelwe ukuzalisekisa umsebenzi obalulekileyo: ukufumana oosomajukujuku ukusuka kwi-orbit yenyanga ukuya kumphezulu weNyanga baze babuyele kwisiphekepheke somyalelo.
Le modyuli inamacandelo amabini aphambili: imodyuli yokwehla kunye nemodyuli yokunyuka. I-Lander yayilicandelo lemodyuli yenyanga ehlala kwindawo yenyanga. Yayinemilo eyiconical kwaye ixhotyiswe ngayo imilenze yokumisa emine ezenzekela ngokuzenzekelayo phambi kokufika. Ikwabonisa irempu egoqelweyo ukusuka kumnyango wangaphambili ukuze oosomajukujuku baphume kwaye bahambe kumphezulu wenyanga.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imodyuli yokunyuka yayilicandelo lemodyuli yenyanga eyahlula kwimodyuli yokwehla ukuze ithathe oosomajukujuku babuyele kwisiphekepheke somyalelo. Yayimilise okwesilinda kwaye ixhotyiswe ngemoto yokunyuka ebonelela intshukumo efunekayo ukuze inyuke isuke eNyangeni ize idibane nenqwelo-moya yesiphekepheke kwi-orbit yenyanga.
Imodyuli yeLunar yayiyilwe ukuba ibe khaphukhaphu kangangoko, kodwa yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukumelana nokusingqongileyo kwenyanga. Yayakhiwe ngokuyinhloko nge-aluminiyam kunye ne-titanium alloys, kwaye iindonga ze-cabin zagqunywa ngoluhlu lwe-thermal insulation ukukhusela oosomajukujuku kubushushu obugqithisileyo nokubanda.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimodyuli yenyanga yayiyinkqubo yayo yokukhangela kunye nesikhokelo, eyayivumela oosomajukujuku ukuba bahlale ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo ethile kumphezulu wenyanga. Inkqubo isebenzise indibaniselwano yeradar kunye neekhompyuter ukubala isantya semodyuli yenyanga, ukuphakama, kunye nendawo enxulumene nomphezulu wenyanga.
Imvelaphi yemodyuli yenyanga
Kwakucetywe nini ukoyisa iNyanga, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zayilwa ukuthabatha abantu kwisathelayithi yethu yendalo baze babuyele eMhlabeni. Okhethiweyo yayiyeyabantu ababini ukuba behle ngemodyuli yokufika kwenyanga, inxalenye engezantsi eyayilungiselelwe ukuba isebenze njengephedi yokuqalisa ekuphumeni.
Xa kuqwalaselwa iindlela zokungena kwi-orbital docking, iinjineli zeZiko loPhando laseLangley zijonge iimodeli ezintathu ezisisiseko zeemodyuli zenyanga. Iimodeli ezintathu eziye zavela ngokukhawuleza zabizwa "Elula", "Economic" kunye "neLuxury".
Inguqulelo "elula" ibonwa njengenqwelo-mafutha evulekileyo ephezulu ekwaziyo ukuxhasa umntu okwisuti yesiphekepheke kangangeeyure ezinobunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezimbini. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-propellant esetyenzisiweyo, imodeli "yezoqoqosho", eyenzelwe ukuhlalisa amadoda amabini, iphindwe kabini ukuya kathathu ubunzima kuneemodeli zangaphambili.
Ekugqibeleni, indlela ethathwa njengeyona ikhuselekileyo yayiyeye "deluxe" yokukhetha umsebenzi. Kwinqanaba lesindululo, amagcisa aseGrumman, aphumelele ukhuphiswano lokwakha, abona umjikijelwa wenyanga njengento equlathe iitoni ezili-12 zepropellant ejikelezwe “yisakhiwo seetoni ezi-4” esibiyelwe kwiindonga ezishinyeneyo zealuminiyam. Yayikhangeleka njengeqokobhe leqanda.
Ndinenye ukuphakama kweemitha ezi-7 kwaye, kunye nemilenze eyongeziweyo, ububanzi be-9,45 m. Yayiyilwe ngamalungu esisigidi, ubukhulu becala iitransistor ezincinane, iikhilomitha ezingama-40 zentambo, oonomathotholo ababini, izixhobo ezibini zerada, iinjini zombane ezintandathu, ikhompyutha, neseti yezixhobo zovavanyo lwenzululwazi enyangeni.
Konke oku kwafuneka kusasazwe kwiiyunithi ezimbini eziphambili, ezibizwa ngokuba ngamahla ndinyuka, nganye ixhotyiswe ngerokethi yayo.
imodyuli yokwehla
Yayiyinxalenye yesiphekepheke sika-Apollo 11 esichukumise isathelayithi yethu. Yakhiwe nge-aluminium alloy, i-octagonal kwimilo, imilenze emine ephothiweyo kwaye iqulethe iibhetri, iindawo zokugcina i-oksijini kunye nezixhobo zenzululwazi ukuze zihlale kwaye zihlale phezu kwenyanga. Yayiyi-3,22 m ubude kuquka imilenze kunye ne-4,29 m ububanzi ngaphandle kwemilenze.
Izandiso eziphelweni zespars ezimbini eziphambili zibonelela ngenkxaso kwisixhobo sokumisa. Zonke ii-struts zibonise izinto zokufunxa ukothuka ezenziwe ngamalungu enqanawe yobusi engakwaziyo ukufunxa ukothuka kokufika.
Isixhobo sokumisa sokuqala solulelwe ngaphantsi kwe-hatch eya phambili kwaye sincanyatheliswe kwileli abanokusebenzisa oosomajukujuku ukufikelela kumphezulu wenyanga kunye nokunyuka. Uninzi lobunzima kunye nendawo yenqanaba lokuhla labelwa iitanki ezine zokuqhubela phambili kunye ne-rocket yokwehla, ekwaziyo ukwenza i-4.500 kg yokutyhala.
Ngexesha le-mission yokusondela, injini yokwehla yavulwa ukuze iqalise ukuwa kwemodyuli yenyanga ukusuka kubude be-110 km. Malunga neemitha ezili-15.000 ngaphezulu komphezulu, kuye kwafuneka iqale kwakhona ngexesha lokunyathela isiqhoboshi ukugcina imodyuli yenyanga isehla kwaye icotha ide ichukumise umphezulu kancinci.
imodyuli yokunyuka
Yayisisiqingatha esiphezulu semodyuli yenyanga, kunye neziko lomyalelo, imodyuli yabasebenzi, kunye neerokethi ezazisetyenziselwa ukuqalisa izithuthi ukusuka kwindawo yenyanga. Yayinobude obuyi-3,75 m kwaye yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: indawo yabasebenzi, icandelo leziko kunye nendawo yezixhobo.
Imodyuli yabasebenzi ithathe umphambili welifti, kwaye oosomajukujuku banokujonga kwiifestile ezimbini ezinonxantathu. Abasebenzi baloo nqanawa babengenazo izihlalo, ngoko kwakufuneka baphakame, bebotshwe ngemitya engacuthene kakhulu ukuze bangabenzakalisi.
Ngaphantsi kwendlela yendlela kumbindi kwakukho iirokethi ezinyukayo, ezilungiselelwe ukwenza malunga ne-1.600 yeekhilogram zokutyhala kwaye zikwazi ukuvutha kwaye ziphinde zivuthe. Oku kwakungenxa yokuba umxhuzulane obuthathaka wenyanga, isinye kwisithandathu soMhlaba, ayifuni kuveliswa kwamandla anamandla okuqhubela phambili ukuqhubela phambili isigaba sokunyuka.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nemodyuli yenyanga yesiphekepheke se-Apollo 11 kunye neempawu zayo.