Njengoko usazi, unyaka opheleleyo eMhlabeni unamaxesha ama-4: ukuwa, ubusika, intwasahlobo nehlobo. Ubukho bamaxesha onyaka bubangelwe yi ukuhamba komhlaba Ku-orbit ujikeleze iLanga. Kuxhomekeke kubude nokuphakama esikuko ngaphakathi kwiplanethi, utshintsho kwimeteorology nakwimozulu lunokuba luncinci okanye luphezulu. Oko kukuthi, kunokubakho amaxesha onyaka ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye umahluko okanye ezinye ezifanayo.
Apha siza kuchaza yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga namaxesha onyaka ngokweenkcukacha ukuze kusonjululwe amathandabuzo.
Amaxesha onyaka nokubaluleka kwawo
Kwiindawo eziphakathi nobude beplanethi yemozulu itshintsha kakhulu unyaka wonke. Izikhululo zemozulu zineempawu ezingaphezulu okanye ezingafaniyo kuyo yonke imimandla yolu banzi. Utshintsho kumaqondo obushushu, imvula, imimoya, njl. Ziyayichaphazela imbonakalo yomhlaba, kuba ikwaxutywe ne- UPhenology yezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuzo.
Imbonakalo yomhlaba iyachaphazeleka nakwiindawo ezisezidolophini kuba imisebenzi yabantu iyatshintsha namaxesha onyaka. Ayifani into yokubona iindawo eziselunxwemeni phakathi ehlotyeni kunasebusika. Yomibini imisebenzi kunye nokuhonjiswa kunye nobukho okanye ukungabikho kwesihlwele sabantu kumalwandle kuguqula imbonakalo yomhlaba.
Ngokubanzi, Sithetha ngamaxesha ama-4 onyaka anexesha elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-3. Kukho iindawo kwiplanethi yethu ezinamaxesha amabini kuphela enyakeni: enye imanzi enye yome. Oku kuyenzeka, umzekelo, kwiindawo zemvula. Iimonons ziyimvula eninzi kwiindawo ezishushu. Zenzeka ngexesha elithile lonyaka kwaye zibangela izikhukula ezinzima.
Oonobangela kunye neziphumo
Siza kwazi ukuba yintoni ebangela amaxesha onyaka kunye neziphumo zawo kubomi eMhlabeni. I-axis yethu ithambekele ngokubhekisele kwinqwelomoya ye-orbit ejikeleza iLanga malunga ne-23 degrees. Oku kuthetha ukuba eminye imimandla yoMhlaba ifumana imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yokukhanya kwelanga ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka.
Umahluko kwimozulu enamacandelo ahlukeneyo eplanethi ohlukaniswe ngakumbi kwimimandla ebandayo nepholileyo kunye nobushushu kwiitropiki. Umzekelo, okukhona sisondela kwiikhweyitha, kokukhona eyahluka-hlukeneyo imozulu unyaka wonke. Kungenxa yokuba phantse bahlala befumana inani elilinganayo lokukhanya kwelanga, nangona sikwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo xa kuthelekiswa nelanga ekujikelezeni kwawo.
Amaxesha onyaka onyaka ahlala ngokwahlulwa ngokwamaxesha ezulu. La maxesha ahlala malunga neenyanga ezintathu kwaye axhomekeke kutyekelo lomhlaba. Umntu unokucinga ukuba ehlotyeni kushushu kuba iplanethi yethu ikufuphi neLanga. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunjalo. Ngokwahlukileyo, Umgama ukusuka eMhlabeni uye eLangeni inkulu ehlotyeni kunasebusika. Konke oku kubhekisa kumantla elizwe. Nangona kunjalo, njenge ebusika kukho ukuthambekela okukhulu kwimitha yelanga, amaqondo obushushu asezantsi.
Amaxesha onyaka onyaka zii-4: intwasahlobo, ihlobo, ukwindla nasebusika. Kwezi zimbini zokuqala sinempawu zosuku olude kunasebusuku, ngelixa kwezinye ezimbini zichasene. Kuba iiyantlukwano zemozulu esele sizikhankanyile zibangelwa kukuthambeka kwe-axis yoMhlaba, ayenzeki kumantla e-hemisphere njengasezantsi. Zombini ezi hemispheres zineziphumo eziguqulweyo. Xa kusehlotyeni kumntla weikhweyitha, kumazantsi eikhweyitha kusebusika. Sinokubona ukuba xa intwasahlobo iqala kwenye ikhosi, ukwindla kuqala kwenye.
Solstices kunye neequinoxes
Njengokuba uMhlaba ushukuma kunye ne-axis yeNorth Pole ejonge ngaseLangeni, iSouth Pole yenza ngokuchaseneyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba imimandla esemantla ifumana imitha yelanga ngakumbi kunaleyo isemazantsi.. Le nkqubo ibuyela umva kwaye iindawo ezisemantla e-hemisphere zifumana ubushushu obuncinci njengoko iintsuku zifutshane kwaye imitha yelanga iya isiba mandundu.
Izikhululo zeenkwenkwezi zichongiwe ziindawo ezine eziphambili zokujikeleza komhlaba emhlabeni. Ezi zikhundla zibiziweyo I-aphelion kunye ne-perihelion zezona zikhokelela ku Iinyanga zasebusika y ehlobo kunye iiquinox zaseburhulumenteni bawe ke.
Xa i-equinox yenzeka, imitha yelanga ibetha ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba, ngenxa yoko iwela nkqo kwi-ikhweyitha. Kwelinye icala, xa solstices zenzeka, kwenzeka okwahlukileyo. Oko kukuthi, imitha yelanga ibetha umphezulu womhlaba kutyekelo lwama-23,5 degrees. Oku kwenza i-tropic yeCancer ehlotyeni kunye ne-tropic yaseCapricorn ebusika.
Ayingawo onke amaxesha onyaka ahlala ngokufanayo. Kungenxa yokuba umjikelezo uMhlaba ohamba ujikeleze iLanga awusosetyhula, kodwa ungange-elliptical. Oku kubangela ukuba kubangele ukunyaniseka. Umhlaba uhamba ngokukhawuleza xa usondele kwiLanga kwaye ucotha xa ukude.
Ubudlelwane bokuhamba komhlaba kunye nezikhululo
Ixesha ngalinye lonyaka alifani kwi-hemisphere nganye. Umhlaba usondele kakhulu elangeni ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, ukanti kumantla e-hemisphere sisebusika. Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni kukaJulayi sikude nelanga, kodwa kumantla e-hemisphere kusehlotyeni. Ihlobo elibhorelayo lishushu kancinci kunelasemazantsi kwaye ubusika abukho lula.
Amaxesha onyaka awasoloko eqala ngosuku olunye nangexesha elinye ngenxa yothotho lweziphazamiso ezifunyanwa nguMhlaba xa ujikeleza iLanga. .
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga namaxesha onyaka, kutheni zenziwe kwaye zeziphi iimpawu zazo.