Kwiplanethi yethu kukho ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zamatye. Kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zabo, imvelaphi kunye nokwakheka, bahlelwa njengamanzi angenanto, imetamorphic kunye ne-sedimentary rock. Kodwa udidi alunjalo. Kukho ukwahlulahlula okuneenkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga neempawu, ukubunjwa, izinto ezenziweyo ngazo, njl. Umzekelo, amatye anegne ahlukaniswe ngamatye e-plutonic kunye namatye e-volcanic. Namhlanje, siza kunikezela sonke esi sithuba amatye eplutonic.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi iimpawu, imvelaphi, ukwakheka kunye nezinto zamatye e-plutonic, eli nqaku lelakho.
Iidipozithi eziphambili
Amatye e-Plutonic ayaziwa njengamatye angenayo. Luhlobo lwerwala olwenziwe yinkqubo yokupholisa kade yomagma. Oku kupholisa yinxalenye yomsebenzi owenzeka amawaka eemitha ubunzulu, ngaphakathi ngaphakathi komhlaba. La matye zizinto ezichaseneyo okanye ezichaseneyo namatye e-volcanic, nawo ngamatye angenanto, abizwa ngokuba yi-extrusive. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuyilwa kwayo kwenzeka xa i-lacquer isuka kulwelo iye kwimeko eqinileyo kwaye yenzeka ngaphandle okanye kumphezulu womhlaba.
La matye angenelelayo abonakala njengabantu abangenanto abangaxhaswanga. Ukubunjwa kwayo kunye nemvelaphi yazo kukuma kweediphozithi zeefomathi ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu esinokuthi sibufumane kumbindi woMhlaba. Ezi dipozithi zijongwa njengeepluton. Zahlula-hlulwe iintlobo ezintathu:
- Blatolith: lolona hlobo lubanzi lwedipozithi olukhoyo kwiplanethi iphela. Umphezulu wayo mkhulu kune-100 km2. Ukuvela kwale dipozithi kwenzeke ngenxa yokungena okuninzi. Kule ndawo unokufumana ugxininiso olukhulu lwegranite kunye ne-diorites. Ngokwesiqhelo, sinokuyifumana kwiindawo eziphawulwe ngokwakhiwa kweentaba. Ayisoloko ihambelana nelitye lendlwane.
- laccolith: lolunye uhlobo lwediphozithi oluvumelana kakuhle nelitye lokufaka. I-morphology iyafana neye-mushroom. Oko kukuthi, isiseko siyacaba, kodwa isibhakabhaka esingaphezulu sibanzi. Ubungakanani buphakathi kwaye buyavela ngenxa yomtyhilo wamatye yimagma.
- Lopolito: Yidiphozithi yokugqibela kwaye imile okweedome engenisiweyo. Ihlala ivumelana kakuhle ngentambo ebomvu. Idityaniswe kumatye e-sedimentary rock kuba igcina imbonakalo ye-tubular.
Iimpawu zamatye e-plutonic
Ngoku siza kuchaza ezona mpawu ziphambili zolu hlobo lwamatye olwenziwe kwiidipozithi ezichazwe apha ngasentla. Zihlala zixinene kwaye azinayo imingxunya. Ubume babo bunzima kwaye benziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo. Zihluke kakhulu ngenxa yeendidi ezininzi zobume bemichiza esinokuzifumana ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwemagma apho ivela khona.
La matye maninzi kakhulu kumhlaba kwaye athathelwa ingqalelo njengamatye aphambili. Kungenxa yokuba la matye akhetha ukwenziwa kwamanye amatye. Ezi ndidi zamatye zikwafumaneka kwiiplanethi zokuxelela izinto ezinje ngeMercury, iVenus kunye neMars nakwinucleus yezinye iiplanethi ezinkulu zegesi ezifana neSaturn, Jupiter, Uranus neNeptune.
Iindidi zamatye e-plutonic
Siza kuhlalutya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamatye e-plutonic akhoyo kwiplanethi yethu:
Granite
Elinye lamatye aqhelekileyo. Ukusekwa kwayo kungenxa yokudityaniswa kwezimbiwa ezinje nge feldspars, quartz kunye nemicas. Ezi zimbiwa ziqaqamba nzulu ngaphakathi kuqweqwe lomhlaba. Ukungaguquguquki kwayo kunzima kwaye kunembonakalo yekristale. Kulula ukupholisha kunye nokusebenza. Ngesi sizathu isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza indawo ekhitshini nakwigumbi lokuhlambela. Nangona inombala ongenasiphelo, ezona zixhaphakileyo zingwevu namhlophe.
Ubuninzi begranite phakathi ko-2.63 no-2.75 gr / cm3. Inobunzima obukhulu ngakumbi kunemarble. Ndiyabulela kobu bunzima kunye nokusebenza ngokuchaseneyo, inokusetyenziselwa ukugqiba okungabalekiyo kunye nokusetyenziswa. AmaYiputa amandulo akrola igranite kwaye enza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezikhongozeli ezinje ngeembiza. Njengale, bayisebenzisela ulwakhiwo kunye nokufakwa kwiphiramidi kwezinye. AmaYiputa asebenzisa igranite ukwakha imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, iikholamu, iingcango kunye nokunye.
Enkosi kubuchwephesha boluntu, eli litye lixhatshazwe kwicandelo lokwakha nolwakhiwo. Kwezinye iindawo, igranite ithatha indawo yemabhile, njengoko ihlala ixesha elide. Kuqhelekile ukuyibona kwiindibano zekhitshi. Xa sele ipolishiwe inexabiso elihle kunye nokusebenza kwexabiso.
UGabro
Olunye uhlobo lwelitye leplutonic. Ingwevu kumbala oluhlaza. Ukubonakala kwayo kuyimbumba. Inexabiso eliphantsi ukuba siyayithelekisa namanye amatye kunye neeminerali ezinje nge-chromium, iplatinam okanye i-nickel. Nangona kunjalo, I-gabbro isetyenziselwa indawo yokuhombisa egadini.
IGreenstone
Iidipozithi zolu hlobo lwerwala zifumaneka kwiindawo ezihlala abantu abaninzi. Umzekelo, kukho iidipozithi ezityebileyo kwi-diorite kwiiAlps okanye kwiiAndes Mountains. Inani elikhulu le-diorite laye lagxininiswa kwiRosetta Stone e-Egypt.
Namhlanje, i-diorite isetyenziswa kwimisebenzi emininzi yokwakha. Kungenxa yenyani yokuba, xa ixutywe nezinye izinto, inokufumana ubunzima obukhulu, ithande ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi yendlela. Ithwala ukufana okuthile kwi-granite, yiyo loo nto ihlala isetyenziswa ekulungiseleleni izixhobo zokubala zasekhitshini. Ukuba iphantsi kweenkqubo zokucoca, zinokusetyenziselwa ukuhombisa kwiipaki nakwezinye iindawo zoluntu.
I-Syenite
Ukubunjwa kwe-syenite kunye nesakhiwo sayo siyahluka. Iliwa lingafunyanwa kwilitye elinomthunzi okhanyayo kunye neenkozo ezintle, kwilitye elingwevu elinamagqabi arhabaxa. I-Syenites inexabiso elisezantsi lesilica kunokuba linokufunyanwa kwimagnitic magmas. Kuyinto enganyangekiyo emlilweni.
IPeridotite
Unombala omnyama. Lelona xabiso likhulu kuqweqwe loMhlaba. Ayinakusetyenziselwa ukuthengisa. Ezinye zezazinzulu ziyabuncoma ubuchule bayo obukhulu bokufumana ikharbon diokside.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga namatye e-plutonic.