Ubusazi na ukuba kukho iingongoma kumjikelezo wento ejikeleze enye into apho sinokubeka isathelayithi okanye enye indalo yasezulwini ekwazi ukutyibilika phezu kwayo ize ihlale esithubeni, isoloko ikumgama ofanayo kuzo zombini ezi zinto? Oku kwaziwa ngokuba Amanqaku eLagrangian Kwaye ziluncedo ngakumbi kunokuba ubucinga.
Ngoko ke, siza kunikela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iingongoma zeLagrange, iimpawu zabo kunye nokubaluleka kwazo.
Ziziphi iingongoma zeLagrange?
Amanqaku eLagrange abonakalisa ubuchwephesha basezulwini. Bafumana igama labo ngembeko kwingcali yezibalo yaseFransi UJoseph-Louis Lagrange, owazifumanayo waza wazifunda nzulu ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ezi ngongoma zikhethekileyo zifumaneka kwinkqubo eyenziwe yimizimba emibini ejikeleza umzimba wesithathu, njengeplanethi kunye nenyanga yayo, okanye iplanethi kunye neLanga.
Khawufane ucinge ukuba unemizimba emibini, omnye mkhulu kunomnye, ujikeleza kwindawo esembindini, njengeLanga, Kulungile, iindawo zeLagrange ziindawo ezithile kolu qwalaselo apho ubunzima bemizimba emibini bulinganisa ngokulinganayo.indlela ekhethekileyo kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, kula manqaku, amandla e-centrifugal kunye ne-gravitational force iyalingana, kwaye oku kudala uhlobo "lwendawo yokuphumla" kwindawo.
Kodwa ziphi kanye kanye ezi ngongoma? Kulungile, kukho amanqaku amahlanu eLagrange ewonke, anenombolo ye-L1 nge-L5. Inqaku L1 liphakathi kwemizimba emibini ekwi-orbit, kumgca wentelekelelo ofanayo ozidibanisayo. Inqaku L2, ngokwenxalenye yalo, likumgca ofanayo, kodwa kwelinye icala le-L1. Amanqaku e-L3, L4 kunye ne-L5 enza unxantathu olinganayo kunye nemizimba emibini kwi-orbit, kunye ne-L3 ibe yindawo ejongene nomzimba omkhulu, kunye ne-L4 kunye ne-L5 ephambi kunye nasemva kwalo mzimba ngokulandelelanayo.
Inkcazo eneenkcukacha
L1
Okukhona into isondele elangeni (okanye kwizinto eziyingqongileyo), kokukhona ihamba ngokukhawuleza. Ngale ndlela, iisathelayithi ezinee-orbit ezincinci kune-orbit yoMhlaba ziya kufika eMhlabeni kungekudala okanye kamva. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba siyibeka embindini, Umxhuzulane womhlaba ujongiswe kwelinye icala lomxhuzulane weLanga, ucima ukutyhala kweLanga, ukuyibangela ukuba ijikeleze ngesantya esisezantsi. Ukuba umgama uchanekile, isathelayithi iya kuhamba kancinane ngokwaneleyo ukuze igcine indawo yayo phakathi komhlaba nelanga. Eli linqaku le-L1 eliza kusetyenziswa ukubeka iliso kumphezulu weLanga, kuba iijethi zamasuntswana ezisuka apho zifikelela kwi-L1 ngeyure ngaphambi kokuba zifike kwiplanethi yethu.
L2
Into efanayo eyenzeka kwi-L1 yenzeka kwelinye icala loMhlaba, ngaphaya kwe-orbit yethu. OKANYEIsiphekepheke esibekwe apho siya kuba kude nelanga kunokuba sinjalo kwaye siya kugcina sisalela ngasemva., kodwa kumgama ochanekileyo impembelelo yelanga yomxhuzulane ibiya kongezelela kumhlaba, ibangele ezi sathelayithi zijikeleze umhlaba.
L3
I-L3 ikwicala elikude lelanga, emva kancinane kumjikelezo weplanethi yethu. Izinto ezikwi-L3 azinakuze zibonwe zisuka eMhlabeni. Enyanisweni, le ngongoma isoloko isetyenziswa kwiintsomi zenzululwazi ukuze kufumaneke iiplanethi ezinomjikelezo wethu. Oku kuzinzile ngaphantsi kwe-L1 okanye i-L2. Nasiphi na isiphazamiso siya kubangela ukuba isiphekepheke, isathelayithi, okanye iprobe iqalise ukusuka kuyo, nto leyo efuna ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweenjini ukuze zihlale kwindawo efanelekileyo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ezinye iiplanethi zikufutshane kwelo nqanaba kuneplanethi yethu. Umzekelo, IVenus idlula malunga ne-50 km ukusuka kwindawo ye-L000 rhoqo kwiinyanga ezingama-000.
I-L4 kunye ne-L5
Amanqaku e-L4 kunye ne-L5 afumaneka kwii-degrees ezingama-60 ngaphambili nangasemva koMhlaba njengoko zibonwa eLangeni, kufutshane ne-orbit yomhlaba. Ngokungafaniyo nabanye, i-L4 kunye ne-L5 zixhathisa kakhulu naluphi na ukuphazamiseka komxhuzulane. Ngesi sizathu, uthuli kunye nezinto ze-asteroid zidla ngokuqokelelana kwezi ndawo.
Ukubaluleka kwamanqaku eLagrange
Ezi ndawo zeLagrange ziindawo ezikhethekileyo kuba nayiphi na into encinci ebekwe kuzo iya kuhlala izinzile ngokubhekiselele kwimizimba emibini ejikelezayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba isathelayithi okanye isiphekepheke sinokuhlala kwenye yezi ndawo ngaphandle kokusoloko sisebenzisa iziqhushumbisi. Kungenxa yoko le nto iLagrange ikhomba banomdla omkhulu wokuhlola indawo kunye nokubekwa kweesathelayithi emajukujukwini.
Ukongeza kusetyenziso lwabo olusebenzayo, amanqaku eLagrange nawo anokubaluleka kwethiyori kuphononongo lomatshini wesibhakabhaka kunye nokutshintsha kweenkqubo zemizimba ejikelezayo. Ukufumanisa nokuqonda kwabo kuye kwasivumela babe nombono opheleleyo nochane ngakumbi wokuhamba kweenkwenkwezi ezisesibhakabhakeni.
Ukubaluleka kokwenyani kwamanqaku eLagrange kudlula usetyenziso lwabo olusebenzayo ekuphononongeni kwendawo kunye nokubekwa kwesathelayithi. Ezi ngongoma zibonisa ifestile ekhangayo ekuqondeni ukuziphatha kweenkqubo eziguquguqukayo kwindawo kwaye zisivumela ukuba sifunde izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kwintsimi ye-physics yasezulwini.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nezicelo
Esinye sezicelo eziphawuleka kakhulu zamanqaku eLagrange kukuzinza kweesathelayithi ezijikelezayo. Ngokubeka isathelayithi kwenye yezi ndawo, sinokuyigcina imile ngokumalunga noMhlaba okanye nawuphi na omnye umzimba kwinkqubo. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwimishini yokujonga uMhlaba, apho kufuneka indawo ezinzileyo ukuze ufumane imifanekiso eneenkcukacha yommandla othile kwixesha elide.
Ukongeza, iingongoma zeLagrange zikwanika ithuba lokuseka "imikhosi yeenkwenkwezi" yeesathelayithi kwi-orbit ejikeleze umzimba wezulu. La makroza angasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana unxibelelwano lwehlabathi, ukujongwa kwemozulu, ukujonga ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nokuhlola indawo. Ngokusasaza iisathelayithi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeLagrange, sinokwandisa ukhuselo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemishini yethu yendawo.
Enye indawo apho ibaluleke kakhulu kuphando kunye nokuhlola i-asteroids kunye ne-comets. Ezi ngongoma zisebenza njengeendawo ezicwangcisiweyo zokufumana izazinzulu ezinqwenela ukufunda ezi zidalwa zasezulwini ngokweenkcukacha. Ngokuhlala kwindawo yeLagrange kufuphi ne-asteroid okanye i-comet, i-probes inokuphanda ukubunjwa kwayo, ukwakheka kunye nokuziphatha kwayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokutya ubuninzi bepetroli ukugcina i-orbit ezinzileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neengongoma zeLagrange, iimpawu zabo kunye nokusetyenziswa.