U-El Niño yinto yemozulu leyo utshintsha indlela ohamba ngayo umsinga wolwandle. Iphindwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-3 okanye esi-7, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba ngenxa yobushushu behlabathi, iya kuqatshelwa kwihlabathi liphela.
Kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka eyadlulayo, malunga no-1997, ibibuhlungu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-NASA ikholelwa ekubeni i-2016 inokuba nkulu ngakumbi kwaye inamandla amakhulu, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba bayibize ngokuba yi "Godzilla."
Yintoni i-El Niño phenon kwaye iquka ntoni?
Le nto inxulumene nokufudumala kwamanzi ePacific, ezifudunyezwa phakathi ko-1 ukuya ku-3ºC xa kuthelekiswa nesiqhelo, rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-3 okanye esi-7. Le ndlela yokufudumeza ipholisayo yaziwa ngokuba ngumjikelo we-ENSO (okanye i-ENSO). Iyayichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imeko yemvula kwiindawo ezishushu, kodwa inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimozulu kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Zombini i-El Niño (ezinxulumene nokufudumala) kunye neLa Niña (enxulumene nokupholisa amanzi) ngamanqanaba agqithisileyo omjikelo we-ENSO, kunye nesigaba sesithathu esibizwa ngokuba yi-Neutral, apho kubhalwa khona amaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo.
Imbali ka-El Niño
Igama lesenzeko u-El Niño (ebhekisa kumntwana onguYesu), wanikwa ngabalobi basePeru umlambo ofudumeleyo obonakala rhoqo ngonyaka ngeKrisimesi, yiyo loo nto kuthanda ukufika kweentlanzi ezininzi. Bawugqala njengesipho esivela kuThixo, ngenxa yoko bakhawuleza babona olu tshintsho kubushushu bolwandle kunye negama lika-El Niño.
Nangona kunjalo, kwii-60s baqala ukuqaphela ukuba yayingeyonto iqhelekileyo yasePeru, kodwa ukuba ichaphazele i-tropical Pacific yonke. Kuyaziwa ngoku ukuba inokuchaphazela imozulu yehlabathi lonke kwinqanaba layo liphela. Umjikelo wonke we-ENSO uhlala phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 kunye nesi-7, njengoko besitshilo. Kule minyaka, kukho izigaba ezifudumeleyo ezihlala phakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-10 yeenyanga nganye (i-El Niño), izigaba ezingathathi hlangothi kwaye kusenokubakho nesigaba sokubanda (La Niña). I-ENSO ngumjikelo oguquguqukayo, kokubini kubunzulu kunye nexesha. Ngapha koko, akukaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba zeziphi izizathu zolu tshintsho.
Iinkqubo zokuchongwa kuka-El Niño
U-El Niño ufunyanwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, eqaqambisa iisathelayithi, iiboys ezidadayo kunye nohlalutyo lolwandle. Abaphandi baqhubeka nokufumana idatha malunga neemeko zomhlaba, kunye nomoya okwiikhweyitha.
Iba nefuthe njani kwimozulu?
Nje ukuba kuphuculwe, utshintsho olukhulu kumaqondo obushushu kunye neepatheni zemvula zenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Olu tshintsho lwenzeka kuba zichaphazela iipatheni zomoya emoyeni. Kwimeko yetropiki, umoya ophakamayo wenze amafu emvula kwindawo enye kufuneka uye kwenye indawo ngenxa yamandla omxhuzulane. Kwilizwe liphela, utshintsho emoyeni kunokubangela imbalela kwezinye iikona, okanye iimvula ezinkulu kwezinye.
Ukuze sazi kwaye siqonde ukuba inokuba nefuthe kangakanani kwimozulu yehlabathi, masibone zithini iziphumo zayo:
Kumhlaba jikelele
- Iirekhodi Lobushushu
- Inkangeleko izifo ekunzima ukuziphelisa
- Ilahlekile zezilwanyana nezityalo
- Utshintsho Ukujikeleza kwemozulu
EMzantsi Melika
- Amaxesha kufume kakhulu, ngexa imvula ibinamandla kakhulu.
- Ukufudumeza yeHumboldt yangoku.
- Nciphisa Uxinzelelo lomoya.
EMazantsi mpuma Asiya
- Iimbalela importantes.
- Ubushushu bolwandle baja.
- Akuncinci ukwakheka kwelifu.
Ngapha koko, gcina engqondweni ukuba akukho zimbini i-El Niño ezifanayo, kwaye olo tshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka kunye neepateni zemozulu ezahlukeneyo zinokwahluka ngokwamatyala. Ke, xa ikhula, ayinakuqinisekiswa into yokuba imimandla echaphazelekayo iya kufana nexesha lokugqibela, kuya kubakho ukubakho okuphezulu, kodwa ayizukuqiniseka ukuba iya kuphinda ifane.
Umntwana »Godzilla»
Njengoko iplanethi ifudumala, uthanda ukubonakala kweenkanyamba ngakumbi nangakumbis. Amaqondo obushushu afudumeleyo anefuthe ngqo kwi-El Niño, ke ngokuqinisekileyo akukho ezinye fidgety. KwiNyakatho yeNtlabathi ngo-2016, amaqondo obushushu ayephezulu kunesiqhelo: eMntla Pole babeno-2ºC xa isiqhelo -26 -C Kwelinye icala, kwi-Southern Hemisphere kwaye ngokukodwa e-Sonora (Mexico) ikhephu lawa okokuqala kwiminyaka engama-33. Kwi-Latin America, izantyalantyala zemvula kwikota yokuqala yonyaka zazingabaphambili belo candelo lehlabathi.
Ukongeza kwiithemometha, iingcali nazo bajonga ukuphakama koLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Njengoko ubona emfanekisweni, imeko kwi-97 iphantse yafana naleyo sasinayo ekupheleni kuka-2015.
Ngokuka-NASA, u-El Niño 2016 akabonakalisi zimpawu zokufuna ukusasaza. Ngokwesiqhelo, iimpembelelo zayo zivakala kwiNyakatho yeNtlabathi kuyo yonke intwasahlobo, kodwa ziyancipha ngokuhamba kweenyanga. Kodwa ngeli xesha kunokwenzeka ukuba yahluke.
Uza kuqaphela iziphumo ingakumbi eMzantsi Melika, kodwa "nokuba uhlala phi, uyakuziva iziphumo zento, utshilo uNASA.
Ukujongana nale meko, akukho nto inokwenziwa. Kungcono ukuzama ukuziqhelanisa ngokusemandleni akho, kwaye unikele ingqalelo kwizilumkiso zemozulu ukuthintela iingxaki.