Mva nje kunentetho eninzi malunga nokuba amaqondo obushushu ayakuba njani ngo-2017. Kukwathethwa ukuba ngo-2016 nango-2014 bebekhona kushushu okoko kubhalwe amaqondo obushushu kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba u-2017 naye uza kushushu kakhulu, nangona kungenjalo kushushu.
Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba izazi ngemozulu zikwazi njani ukuqikelela la maqondo obushushu ukuba awukafiki. Wazi njani ukuba amaqondo obushushu aya kuba ngo-2017 ukuba unyaka uqalile nje?
Iminyaka eshushu kakhulu
Kuba kukho iirekhodi zobushushu zonyaka we-1880, iminyaka eli-16 yale millennium yesibini, zezona ziphezulu. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ibingunyaka wesithathu ngokulandelelana ukuba kufikelelwe kwirekhodi elitsha lonyaka kubushushu behlabathi.
Impikiswano malunga nokuqikelelwa kwemozulu ivela kwizimo zezulu. Kungenxa yokuba, nangona kubhalwe amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga engazange abhalwe, kusekho ukuthandabuza ngemvelaphi yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi. Ingcambu yale mpikiswano ivela ukungakwazi kweemozulu ukubona kwangaphambili imozulu ngeentsuku ezintathu okanye ezine. Bathatha oku njengobungqina bokuba oososayensi abanakho ukuqikelela imozulu yoMhlaba kwisithuba seminyaka embalwa okanye amashumi eminyaka.
Ukuba kunjalo, kutheni izazinzulu zixhomekeke ekubeni zikwazi ukuqikelela iqondo lobushushu elingaphezulu kwe-avareji kwiinyanga, kwaye uqikelelo lwemozulu lwahluke njani kuqikelelo lwemozulu?
Iintshukumo ezikhoyo emoyeni
Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuqikelela imozulu kwiintsuku ezininzi kwangaphambili, ukuvela kwe iipateni zoxinzelelo kwiinkqubo zomoya. Nangona uqikelelo lwemozulu kwiiveki ezimbini kwangaphambili luphuculwe kakhulu, kuba iinkqubo zemozulu azihlali ixesha elide, azichaneki ncam.
Xa kuziwa ekuxeleni kwangaphambili ukwenziwa kweenkqubo zoxinzelelo olusezantsi, kubonakalisa ubunzima, kuba intshukumo emalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-75 ukuya empuma okanye entshona ngokubhekisele kwindlela eyaxelwa kwangaphambili kunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kwebhazabhaza, uqhwithela, imvula okanye ubuxoki. ialam. Into efanayo iyenzeka ngezaqhwithi zasehlotyeni kunye noqikelelo lwemvula.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba Akufuneki sixhomekeke kwizilumkiso ezinamandla zesaqhwithi kunye noqikelelo lwemozulu.
Uqikelelo lwemozulu
Ngokungafaniyo noqikelelo olusekwe kwiinkqubo zemozulu, uqikelelo lwemozulu ngamaqondo obushushu kunye nemvula kusetyenziswa idatha eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuqikelela ezi meko zemozulu iinyanga, iminyaka, okanye amashumi eminyaka kwangaphambili, Zisekwe kuhluka kweelwandle, ukwahluka kwelanga, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kwaye, ewe, ukwanda koxinaniso lweegesi zegreenhouse emoyeni. Ezi zinto ziguqukayo ziyaguquka kwaye zitshintshe kwiinyanga nakwiminyaka ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zemozulu ezinokutshintsha kumcimbi weeyure okanye iintsuku.
Into ebalulekileyo eyahluka ukusuka kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kunyaka sisenzeko se El Niño. Ukufudumeza kwamaxesha ngamaxesha kwamaqondo olwandle kuyo yonke iPacific yetropiki. Le patheni yokufudumala kolwandle kunye neziphumo zayo ezinxulumene nomoya ziba nefuthe elinamandla ngaphaya kweetropiki ezinokuthi zibekho kuqikelelo lwemozulu.
Izinto zendalo kunye nezendalo
Ukongeza kwiziphumo zolwandle nakwimizimba yamanzi, ezinye izinto zendalo ezinje ngokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ziyaziwa ukuba zichaphazela izinga lokufudumala komhlaba. Kodwa kufanele ukuba kukhankanywe ukuba, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukwanda okukhulu kumaqondo obushushu ehlabathi kungenxa ukwanda koxinano lweegesi zegreenhouse (GHG) ebangelwe ngabantu kunye nenguquko kwimizi-mveliso.
Ke ngoko, ingqikelelo yokufudumeza kwisikali sexesha elibanzi (amashumi ngamashumi eminyaka nangaphezulu) isekwe kwimodeli yemodeli zemozulu kunye nolwazi lwethu ngendlela enobuzaza benkqubo yemozulu kunyuko lwexa elizayo kwi-GHG. Ezi modeli zibonisa ukuba ubushushu behlabathi kwikamva elingekude kakhulu buza kulawulwa ngamanqanaba anyukayo e-GHG xa kuthelekiswa nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu endalo, nokuba kungokukhula kolwandle okanye kukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo.