Izaqhwithi ziziganeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu ezivelisa iintlekele ezinomonakalo omkhulu ebantwini kunye nomonakalo wezoqoqosho. Iimeko ezizodwa ze-atmospheric ziyafuneka ukuze ukwazi ukuvelisa ezi ziganeko. Masigxile ekufundeni Zenziwa njani iinkanyamba kwaye zithini iimpawu zayo.
Ke ngoko, kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zenziwa njani iinkanyamba kunye nokuba zithini iziphumo.
Bazintoni
Inkanyamba bumoya obunzima owenzeka kwisantya esiphezulu se-engular. Isiphelo senkanyamba siphakathi komphezulu womhlaba kunye namafu afana ne-cumulonimbus. Yinto ye-cyclonic atmospheric enegunya elininzi, nangona zihlala zihlala ixesha elifutshane.
Izaqhwithi ezibangelwayo zinokuba nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo kunye neemilo, kwaye ubude bazo ngokuqhelekileyo busuka kwimizuzwana embalwa ukuya ngaphezu kweyure. Olona hlobo ludumileyo lwenkanyamba lilifu elimile njengefunnel, isiphelo salo esimxinwa sichukumisa umhlaba kwaye sijikelezwe ngamafu athwele lonke uthuli olujikelezileyo kunye nenkunkuma.
Iinkanyamba zinokufikelela kwisantya esiphakathi kwe-65 ne-180 km/h kwaye zinokufikelela kububanzi obuziimitha ezingama-75. Inkanyamba ayiyi kumisa apho ibumba khona, kodwa iya kudlula kummandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo zihamba iikhilomitha eziliqela phambi kokuba zinyamalale.
Okona kugqithisileyo kunokuba nemimoya ngesantya esinokujikeleza ngo-450 km / h okanye nangaphezulu, ukulinganisa ukuya kwi-2 yeekhilomitha ububanzi kwaye uhlale uchukumisa umhlaba ngaphezulu kwe-100 km.
Zenziwa njani iinkanyamba
Izaqhwithi zisuka kwiindudumo kwaye zihlala zikhatshwa sisichotho. Ukwenza i-tornado, iimeko zokwalathiswa kunye nesantya sesiphango kufuneka zihlangane, ngaloo ndlela zivelise umphumo wokujikeleza othe tye. Xa esi siphumo sisenzeka, i-cone ethe nkqo yenziwa apho umoya ukhuphuka kwaye ujikeleze kwisiphango.
Iziganeko zemozulu ezikhuthaza ukubonakala kwenkanyamba zinokwenzeka kakhulu emini kunasebusuku (ingakumbi ngorhatya) kwaye ngexesha lentwasahlobo nekwindla enyakeni. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinkanyamba zinokwenzeka ukuba zenze intwasahlobo nasekwindla nasemini - oko kukuthi, zidla ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngala maxesha. Nangona kunjalo, iinkanyamba zingenzeka ngalo naliphi na ixesha losuku nangaluphi na usuku lonyaka.
Iimeko zokubunjwa kwenkanyamba
Ukwenza i-tornado, inani elikhulu leemeko kufuneka lihlangane; ngethamsanqa zininzi kakhulu, kwaye ngethamsanqa zixhaphakile.
- Umjelo womoya obandayo kunye nomnye womoya ofudumeleyo ezidibana ngokuthe tye.
- Xa oku kuhlangana kusenzeka, umoya oshushu, ofanele ukuba phezulu kunomoya obandayo, uvaleleke kwinqwelo-moya esezantsi kwaye ubangela ukuba imisinga yomoya emibini iqukuqele ngokunxuseneyo namacala achaseneyo kubude obahlukeneyo.
- Ukusuka apho kuhla umjelo womoya obandayo nowomileyo, ngoxa omnye umsinga womoya ofudumeleyo nofumileyo unyuka, usenza umsinga womoya ojikelezayo omile okwetyhubhu.
- Isantya salo sangoku sinyuka njengoko inkqubo iqhubeka. Umoya oshushu uyanyuka kwaye umoya obandayo wehla, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inkanyamba ijike ibe yivortex.
- Xa le vortex ibetha emhlabeni, yangoku ikhawuleza kwaye ivelise i-vortex ngendlela ephezulu.
- Umoya obandayo wehla ukusuka emacaleni aphezulu kunye nokuhamba komoya ofudumele obanjwe phantsi komgangatho wokuqala ufumana indlela yokunyuka kwi-vortex. Ke ngoko, iphakama ngokuthe nkqo ngamandla amakhulu kunye nomthwalo omkhulu.
- Nje ukuba inkanyamba iyenze kwaye ifikelele ukuphakama namandla ayo, Iyakuvelisa ifuthe lokuphefumla, yiyo loo nto izindlu kunye nezindlu ezisecaleni kwendlela zinomthamo wokufunxa.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Inkanyamba ayibonakali, kuphela xa ithwala amachaphaza amanzi acocekileyo kwisaqhwithi somoya esifumileyo kunye nothuli kunye nenkunkuma emhlabeni, iba grey.
Iinkanyamba zihlelwa njengezaqhwithi ezibuthathaka, ezinamandla, okanye ezinobundlobongela. Iziqhwithi ezinobundlobongela zenza iipesenti ezimbini kuphela zazo zonke iinkanyamba, kodwa kubangela iipesenti ezingama-70 zabo bonke ukufa kwaye inokuhlala iyure okanye nangaphezulu. Phakathi komonakalo obangelwe yinkanyamba esiyifumanayo:
- Abantu, iimoto kunye nezakhiwo zizonke ziphoswe emoyeni
- Ukulimala kakhulu
- Ukufa okubangelwe kukubetha inkunkuma ephaphazelayo
- Umonakalo kwezolimo
- Amakhaya atshabalalisiweyo
Izazi zemozulu azinazo iindawo ezininzi zokuqikelela iinkanyamba njengezaqhwithi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwazi izinto eziguquguqukayo ezibonisa ukumila kwenkanyamba, iingcali zinokulumkisa ngobukho benkanyamba kuselithuba ukusindisa ubomi. Kule mihla ixesha elilumkisayo lenkanyamba yimizuzu eli-13.
Izaqhwithi zinokuchongwa ngemiqondiso ethile evela esibhakabhakeni njengokujika okumnyama kube mnyama ngebala ngesiqhelo, isichotho esikhulu, kunye nomgqumo onamandla ofana nokawo kaloliwe.
Iindidi
Ezi zezona ntlobo ziphambili zenkanyamba ezikhoyo:
- Iinkanyamba ezininzi ze-vortex. Ezi zikholamu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zomoya ezijikelezayo kwi-axis eqhelekileyo, ebangela i-vortexes ezininzi okanye "iingcebiso" zenkanyamba kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iziteshi ezincinci ezijikeleze i-axis engundoqo.
- Isathelayithi inkanyamba. Idla ngokubhidaniswa nale meko ingasentla, ezi ziinkanyamba ezimbini (enye enkulu nenye encinci) zidibana okanye zisondelelane kakhulu, apho inkanyamba encinci ijiwuliza okanye ijikeleze inkanyamba enkulu ngokungathi yisathelayithi.
- Umbhobho wamanzi. Ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumbhobho wamanzi, yinkanyamba ephezu kolwandle okanye indawo enkulu yamanzi. Zisenokuba ziinkanyamba ezikhula ngokuthe ngqo emanzini, okanye zinokusuka nje ziwabethe, kodwa ziyakhawuleza, zomelele, kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kuneenkanyamba emhlabeni.
- Umda Womhlaba: Eli ligama leenkanyamba ezingenayo isiqingatha senkanyamba emhlabeni, nto leyo ezenza zibe buthathaka kakhulu kunezaqhwithi, nangona zingekho ngenxa yeso sizathu. Bathanda ukwenza umaleko wothuli olujikelezileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela iinkanyamba ezenza ngayo kunye neempawu zazo.