Kwindalo iphela kukho amawaka ezigidi zeenkwenkwezi ezifumaneka zaza zasasazwa esibhakabhakeni. Ngamnye wabo uneempawu ezizodwa kwaye phakathi kwezo mpawu sinombala. Ukutyhubela imbali yoluntu, kuye kwabuzwa imibuzo Yiyiphi imibala yeenkwenkwezi.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni umbala weenkwenkwezi, unokwazi njani kwaye uchaphazela njani ukuba unombala omnye okanye omnye.
Yiyiphi imibala yeenkwenkwezi
Esibhakabhakeni sinokufumana amawaka eenkwenkwezi ezikhanyayo, nangona inkwenkwezi nganye inokukhanya okwahlukileyo, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bayo, "iminyaka" okanye umgama ukusuka kuthi. Kodwa ukuba sizijonga ngokusondeleyo okanye sizijonge ngeteleskopu, siyabona ukuba, ukongezelela, iinkwenkwezi zinokuba nemibala eyahlukeneyo okanye imithunzi, ukusuka ebomvu ukuya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngoko sifumana iinkwenkwezi eziluhlaza okanye iinkwenkwezi ezibomvu. Injalo imeko yeAntares eqaqambileyo, egama layo lithetha ngokufanelekileyo "Rival of Mars" njengoko ikhuphisana nemibala eqaqambileyo yesijikelezi-langa esibomvu.
Umbala weenkwenkwezi ngokusisiseko uxhomekeke kubushushu bomphezulu wazo. Ngoko ke, nangona kubonakala ngathi kuyaphikisana, iinkwenkwezi eziluhlaza zezona zishushu kwaye iinkwenkwezi ezibomvu zezona zibandayo (okanye kunoko, ubuncinane kushushu). Sinokukuqonda ngokulula oku kuphikisana okucacileyo ukuba sikhumbula umlinganiselo phantse sonke esawufundiswa esikolweni singabantwana. Ngokutsho kwe-electromagnetic spectrum, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunamandla ngakumbi kunokukhanya kwe-infrared. Ke ngoko, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuthetha ukusasazeka kwemitha ebukhali ngakumbi kunye namandla kwaye ngenxa yoko ihambelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
Ngoko, kwi-astronomy, iinkwenkwezi zitshintsha umbala ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu kunye neminyaka yazo. Esibhakabhakeni sifumana iinkwenkwezi eziluhlaza namhlophe okanye iinkwenkwezi eziorenji okanye ezibomvu. Ngokomzekelo, i-Blue Star Bellatrix ineqondo lokushisa elingaphezulu kwe-25.000 Kelvin. Iinkwenkwezi ezibomvu njengeBetelgeuse zifikelela kumaqondo obushushu angama-2000 K.
Ukuhlelwa kweenkwenkwezi ngombala
Kwi-astronomy, iinkwenkwezi zihlulwe kwiiklasi ezi-7 ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kumbala kunye nobukhulu bazo. Ezi ndidi zimelwe ngoonobumba kwaye zahlulwe ngokwamanani. Ngokomzekelo, iinkwenkwezi ezincinci (ezincinci, ezishushu) ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye zihlelwa njengeenkwenkwezi zohlobo lwe-O. Kwelinye icala, iinkwenkwezi ezindala (ezinkulu, ezipholileyo) zihlelwa njengeenkwenkwezi zohlobo lwe-M. Ilanga lethu limalunga nobukhulu yinkwenkwezi ephakathi kwaye inombala otyheli. Inobushushu obuphezulu obumalunga ne-5000-6000 yeKelvin kwaye ithathwa njengenkwenkwezi ye-G2. Njengoko ikhula, ilanga liya likhula kwaye libanda, ngelixa lisiya libomvu. Kodwa loo nto isezibhiliyoni zeminyaka kude
Umbala weenkwenkwezi ubonisa ubudala bazo
Kwakhona, umbala weenkwenkwezi usinika umbono weminyaka yazo. Ngenxa yoko, iinkwenkwezi ezincinci zinombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngelixa iinkwenkwezi ezindala zinombala obomvu. Oku kubangelwa kukuba okukhona inkwenkwezi incinane, kokukhona ivelisa amandla angakumbi kwaye kokukhona inyuka iqondo lobushushu elifikelela kulo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, njengoko iinkwenkwezi zikhula, zivelisa amandla amancinci kwaye zipholile, zijika zibe bomvu. Noko ke, olu lwalamano luphakathi kweminyaka yayo namaqondo obushushu alukho kwihlabathi liphela kuba luxhomekeke kubungakanani benkwenkwezi. Ukuba inkwenkwezi inkulu kakhulu, iya kutshisa amafutha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibe bomvu ngexesha elincinci. Okuphikisanayo, Iinkwenkwezi ezincinci ezinkulu "ziphila" ixesha elide kwaye zithatha ixesha elide ukujika zibe luhlaza.
Kwezinye iimeko, sibona iinkwenkwezi ezisondelelene kakhulu kwaye zinemibala eyahlukileyo. Le yimeko yenkwenkwezi ye-albino eCygnus. Iliso lenyama, UAlbireo ujongeka njengenkwenkwezi eqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngeteleskopu okanye ibhayinotyhulayi siya kuyibona njengenkwenkwezi enye enombala owahluke kakhulu. Eyona nkwenkwezi iqaqambileyo ityheli (Albireo A) kwaye iqabane layo liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Albireo B). Ngokungathandabuzekiyo yenye yezona zinto zintle kwaye kulula ukuzibona ziphindwe kabini.
ukuqhwanyaza okanye ukuqhwanyaza
I-Sirius yenye yezona ziqaqambileyo kwi-hemisphere esenyakatho kwaye ibonakala lula ebusika. Xa iSirius isondele kakhulu kumda, ibonakala ikhazimla kuyo yonke imibala njengezibane zepati. Le nto ayiveliswanga yinkwenkwezi, kodwa yinto esondele kakhulu: umoya wethu. Imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yomoya kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kwiatmosfera yethu ithetha ukuba ukukhanya okuvela ezinkwenkwezini akulandeli indlela ethe tye, kodwa kuphindaphindwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengoko kutyhutyha kwiatmosfera yethu. Oku kwaziwa kwizazi ngeenkwenkwezi ezisafundayo njengesiphithiphithi se-atmospheric, esibangela ukuba iinkwenkwezi "ziqhwanyaze."
Akuthandabuzeki uya kube uqaphele ukushukuma kweenkwenkwezi, ukuba "qhwanyaza" rhoqo okanye "ukuqhwanyaza". Kwakhona, uya kuqaphela ukuba oku kuqhwanyaza kuya kuba qatha ngakumbi njengoko sisondela elundini phayaa. Oku kungenxa yokuba okukhona inkwenkwezi isondela elundini, kokukhona isibhakabhaka kufuneka sidlule ukukhanya kwayo ukuze sifike kuthi, kwaye ke ngoko sichatshazelwa ngakumbi sisidubedube somoya. Ewe, kwimeko yeSirius, eqaqambileyo kakhulu, umphumo ubonakala ngakumbi. Ngaloo ndlela, ngobusuku obuguquguqukayo nakufuphi elundini phayaa, esi siphithiphithi senza ukuba inkwenkwezi ibonakale ngathi ayimi, yaye siyibona isenza izithunzi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Impembelelo yendalo kunye nemihla ngemihla engaqhelekanga kwiinkwenkwezi, ekwachaphazela umgangatho wokuqwalaselwa kunye ne-astrophotographs.
Ziqaqamba ixesha elingakanani iinkwenkwezi?
Iinkwenkwezi zinokukhanya kangangeebhiliyoni zeminyaka. Kodwa akukho nto ihlala ngonaphakade. Amafutha abanawo okwenza inyukliya anqongophele kwaye ayaphela. Xa kungekho hydrogen yokutshisa, i-helium fusion ithatha indawo, kodwa ngokungafaniyo neyangaphambili, inamandla kakhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba inkwenkwezi yandise amawakawaka ubukhulu bayo bokuqala ekupheleni kobomi bayo, ibe yingxilimbela. Ukwandiswa kwakhona kubangela ukuba balahlekelwe bubushushu kumphezulu kwaye kufuneka basasaze amandla amaninzi kwindawo enkulu, kungoko bajika babomvu. Ezohlukileyo zezi nkwenkwezi zibomvu, ezaziwa ngokuba ibhanti leenkwenkwezi ezinkulu.
Iingxilimbela ezibomvu azihlali xesha lide kwaye zikhawuleza zitye amafutha amancinci asele zisele. Xa oku kusenzeka, iintshukumo zenyukliya ngaphakathi kwenkwenkwezi ziyabaleka zigcine inkwenkwezi: umxhuzulane utsala phezu kwawo wonke umphezulu kwaye ushwabene inkwenkwezi de ibe yincinci. Ngenxa yolu xinzelelo lukhohlakeleyo, amandla agxininiswe kwaye ubushushu bawo bomphezulu buyanda, ngokusisiseko butshintsha ukukhanya kwawo kube mhlophe. Isidumbu senkwenkwezi yingqanga emhlophe. Ezi zidumbu zeenkwenkwezi zezinye ngaphandle kweenkwenkwezi eziphambili ezilandelelanayo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nombala weenkwenkwezi kunye nokuba zichaphazela ntoni.