Umsinga waseGibraltar

ukuqubha kumsinga

El Umsinga waseGibraltar Yingalo yolwandle eyahlula iAfrika kwiYurophu kwaye idibanisa amanzi eAtlantiki kunye neMeditera. Ikwabekwe kwindawo enempazamo phakathi kwe-Eurasian kunye ne-African tectonic plates. Inokubaluleka okukhulu kwezoqoqosho nokuloba. Ukutyhubela imbali ibisaziwa kakuhle.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela malunga nazo zonke iimpawu kunye nokubaluleka kweStrait yaseGibraltar.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Umsinga waseGibraltar

Ubunzulu obuphezulu beStrait of Gibraltar buziimitha ezingama-90. Umgama phakathi kwamanqaku amabini asondeleyo kumacala omabini e-Strait (iPunta de Oliveros eSpain kunye nePunta Cires eMorocco) yi-14,4 km.

Igama langoku le strait libhekisa kwiLiwa laseGibraltar, elikuSingasiqithi we-Iberia, nangona liphantsi kolawulo lwaseBritane. Igama elithi Gibraltar livela kwigama lesi-Arabhu elithi Djebel Tariq, elithetha "iNtaba yeTariq", igama lenkokeli yamaSilamsi ekhokele uloyiso lwepeninsula ngo-711 AD.

Kumaxesha amandulo, le ndawo yaziwa ngokuba "yiNtsika yeHercules" kwaye yaphawula imida yehlabathi eyaziwayo kumaGrike amandulo. INtsika yaseMntla ithathwa njengeLiwa laseGibraltar (426 m), ngelixa iNtsika yaseMzantsi ingaba yiNtaba yeJacho (204 m) eCeuta (eSpain) okanye iNtaba iMoussa (851 m) eMorocco.

Kukho amazwe ama-3 alawula indawo ye-strait: iSpain, ehlala kunxweme olusemantla, kunye ne-enclave yaseCeuta kunxweme olusemazantsi; I-Morocco, elawula unxweme olusemazantsi, kunye ne-United Kingdom, ephethe indawo yaseGibraltar kunxweme olusemantla.

Imozulu yeStrait yaseGibraltar

indawo yeStrait yaseGibraltar

Ipateni yejografi yeStrait yaseGibraltar imisela iimpawu ezithile zeemeko zemozulu. Ngokohlelo lweKöppen, le ndawo inemozulu eshushu eyomileyo (Csa), ephawulwa ngamahlobo ashushu kunye neemvula ezincinci, ngakumbi kunxweme olusemazantsi (phakathi kwama-500 kunye nama-700 mm ngonyaka).

Ubushushu obuphakathi ebusika buphakathi kwe-8ºC kunye ne-12ºC, ngelixa ehlotyeni kumalunga ne-25-28ºC. Ukucwangciswa kwee-reliefs kunceda ukukhokela imimoya kwi-axis esempuma-ntshona, enokuthi ivuthele kwelinye icala okanye kwelinye. Kumbindi weStrait of Gibraltar, le mimoya inokufikelela kuma-40 ukuya kuma-50 amaqhina. Umsinga womelele kakhulu. Phezulu baphuma kwi-Atlantiki ukuya kwiMeditera, ngelixa emanzini anzulu intshukumo echaseneyo iyenzeka.

Ngokwembali, I-Strait yaseGibraltar ibaluleke kakhulu kwiqhinga kunye nokubaluleka kwezorhwebo kwaye isaqhubeka unanamhla. Njengendawo yokuhamba phakathi koLwandle lweMeditera kunye noLwandle lweAtlantiki, iStrait yaseGibraltar yenye yezona ndlela zixakekileyo zokuthutha emhlabeni, kunye neSuez Canal, iStrait yeHormuz, iPanama Canal kunye neStrait yaseMalacca. Isalathiso somntla-mazantsi sikwabalulekile, oko kukuthi, ukuhamba kweelwandle phakathi kweYurophu neAfrika. Awona mazibuko abalulekileyo ngala:

  • Kwi-North Slope: iGibraltar (eUnited Kingdom), iAlgeciras kunye neTarifa (eSpain).
  • Kwithambeka elisezantsi: iCeuta (eSpain), iTangier kunye neMeditera Tangier (Morocco).

Ukongeza koku, iStrait yaseGibraltar yenye yezona ziteshi zibalulekileyo zokufudukela eYurophu, kwaye ke enye yezona zinto zithethwa kakhulu.

IJografi kunye nejoloji yeStrait yaseGibraltar

ulwandle kunye nonxweme

Ngumqobo wendalo phakathi kwamazwe amabini: ISpain kunye neMorocco; phakathi kwamazwekazi amabini: iYurophu neAfrika; phakathi kweelwandle ezimbini: iMeditera neAtlantiki; phakathi kweenkonzo ezimbini: ubuKristu namaSilamsi; phakathi kweenkcubeko ezimbini: eNtshona naseMpuma. Nangokwejoloji, i-strait imele i-rift kwii-tectonic plates ezimbini: i-Eurasian plate kunye ne-African plate. Ubunzulu bombindi we-strait yi-1400 yeemitha. Akukho ndawo ehlabathini apho kukho umahluko ongaka kumgama omfutshane kangaka.

ngokwejografi, umjelo uqala ngasentshona phakathi kweCape Trafalgar neCape Spartel, kwaye ngasempuma umda weLiwa laseGibraltar kunye neNtaba iHacho de Ceuta. KwiRibera Norte, isixeko saseGibraltar kunye nenxalenye esezantsi yephondo laseCádiz iya kuchazwa, kunye nemimandla yaseCampo de Gibraltar naseLajanda, kwaye iCádiz iya kuchazwa njengenkunzi yephondo.

Emazantsi siya kuchaza umasipala waseCeuta kunye neTangier-Tetouan enyakatho yengingqi yeMoroccan, kunye neFnideq-Mdiq, Anyera, Fash Beni Maqada, Tangier-Asilah kunye nephondo laseTetouan, echaza uLalash noJon, nangona ikude le ndawo, inento eninzi yokwenza ne-strait.

IStrait yaseGibraltar, eyahlula iYurophu kwiAfrika, Ingaphezu nje kweekhilomitha ezili-10, inde kancinane kuneMount Everest, emalunga neekhilomitha ezili-9 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Le yeyona ndawo iphakamileyo ezibhabha kuyo iinqwelomoya kwaye yeyona ndawo ikude ukusuka emhlabeni kubantu abaninzi. Njengoko sisazi sonke, iMount Everest yeyona ndawo iphakamileyo emhlabeni, nangona ingeyiyo eyona ntaba iphakamileyo. EHawaii, incopho yeMauna Loa iphakama malunga neekhilomitha ezi-4 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, kodwa amathambeka ayo awela emazantsi olwandle anobude obupheleleyo beekhilomitha ezili-10.

Uncedo, izityalo nezilwanyana

IStrait of Gibraltar yindawo enemozulu engaqhelekanga, nenaba ngaphezu kwamashumi eekhilomitha. I-reliefs iqondisa umoya kwiindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: entshonalanga nasempumalanga, oko kukuthi, ukuhla umoya okanye ngokuphambene noko. isantya ngokukhawuleza, ukubetha ama-40 kunye nama-50 amaqhina kufuphi namatye. Nangona kunjalo, inokuthi ikhululeke okanye ingakhululeki phambi okanye emva kweemayile ezingama-20. Ukuwela i-strait ayilobuchule ngokukodwa, kodwa abasebenzi kufuneka balindele utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwicala lomoya ukuze bangalahlekelwa lixesha.

Ineyona ndlela iphakamileyo eYurophu kwiimitha ezingama-3.478 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kunye neNtlambo yaseGuadalquivir (ethetha intlambo enkulu ngesiArabhu), umlambo oqukuqela ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona, apho izixeko zaseSeville neCórdoba zihlangana khona.

Ichweba yeyona paki yendalo ekhuselweyo inkulu eYurophu (iDoñana), apho unokuncoma imizekelo yokugqibela ye-Iberian lynx, ukhozi olubugolide, i-roe deer, iihagu zasendle kunye neentaka ezininzi ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo xa zifuduka zisuka eAfrika zisiya eYurophu. Bahlala epakini ngexesha lokhenketho.

Ukumila kwefunnel yeStrait of Gibraltar kunye nobunzima bonxweme kumacala omabini eStrait kudla ngokuvelisa imimoya enamandla kakhulu. Oku kuye kwanenzuzo ekuphuhlisweni kwamandla omoya kwaye kwavelisa amahlathi angenasiphelo emizila yomoya kunye nokusefa emoyeni. ITarifa, ekwincam esemazantsi eSpain, iye yabamba iiNtshatsheli ezininzi zehlabathi.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neStrait yaseGibraltar kunye neempawu zayo.


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  1.   Cesar sitsho

    Izihloko othe wanikela ngazo zinika umdla kakhulu kwaye ziyatyebisa ulwazi… Molweni