Xa sihlalutya indalo iphela kunye nazo zonke izinto ezisesibhakabhakeni eziyenzayo, into yokuqala ekufuneka siyenzile ziinkwenkwezi. Iinkwenkwezi zinezigaba ezahlukileyo zokudlula kuzo xa zenziwe zada zatshatyalaliswa. Isigaba sokugqibela esiguqukayo senkwenkwezi saziwa njenge Umnyama omhlophe. Ziinkwenkwezi ezincinci ezixineneyo ezinesakhono sokujikeleza ngokukhawuleza. Bane-ray enokuthelekiswa ngokugqibeleleyo naleyo yeplanethi yethu kwaye ziinkwenkwezi ezigqibela ngokuwa.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, imvelaphi kunye nokwakheka komntu omhlophe omhlophe.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Yintsalela ye-stellar eyenziwe xa inkwenkwezi enobunzima obusezantsi isetyenzisile onke amandla enuzi. Isimila esimhlophe sibonakala ngokuba shushu kakhulu kwaye sincinci kodwa ngokukhanya okuncinci. Zithathwa njengeenkwenkwezi ezinobunzima obusezantsi beeplanethi. Kunokuthiwa into emfutshane emhlophe sisiphumo sento eza kwenzeka kwilanga lethu. Xa ilanga lethu liphelelwa ngamafutha ukwenza i-fusion yenyukliya, iya kuba lolu hlobo lweenkwenkwezi.
Kufuphi nasekupheleni kwenqanaba inkwenkwezi enalo, sifumana ukuncitshiswa komlilo wenyukliya. Ezi ntlobo zeenkwenkwezi zikhupha uninzi lwazo zonke izinto ezinazo ngaphandle kwaye zivelisa i-nebula yeplanethi. Xa ikhuphe yonke into yayo, ndenza i-nebula, kuphela eyona nto ishushu yenkwenkwezi. Le nucleus yile nto iba yinto emhlophe emhlophe nayo amaqondo obushushu angadlula kwi-100.000 Kelvin. Ngaphandle kokuba umnyama omhlophe ophetheyo wokuqokelela izinto kwiinkwenkwezi ezikufutshane nazo, ziya kuphola phantsi kwiibhiliyoni zeminyaka ezayo.
Njengoko kulindelwe, ziinkqubo ezingenzeki kumgangatho womntu, ngenxa yoko ayinakubonwa ngeliso lenyama.
Iipropathi zomntu omhlophe omhlophe
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezinye zeempawu eziphambili ezinazo ezi ntlobo zeenkwenkwezi kwinqanaba labo lokugqibela:
- Eyona mfana uqhelekileyo mhlophe iphantse yalingana nesiqingatha selanga lethu. Inkulu kancinane kuneplanethi yoMhlaba.
- Ziinkwenkwezi ezinobungakanani obuncinci kakhulu kodwa ubushushu obuphezulu kwaye ubunzima bunokuthelekiswa nobelanga. Inyaniso yokuba babonakala bemhlophe kungenxa yeqondo labo lobushushu.
- Zizo ezo zimele isigaba sokugqibela sobomi benkwenkwezi esifana nelanga. Siyazi ukuba zininzi iintlobo zeenkwenkwezi kwaye nganye ineempawu ezahlukeneyo.
- Zithathwa njengeqela lemizimba Ukuxinana kwemicimbi ekuyo yonke indawo. Ziyindawo yesibini kuphela kwiinkwenkwezi ze-neutron.
- Kuba ayinako ukudala uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, amandla omxhuzulane acofa umba ngaphakathi ukuze atyumze zonke i-elektronon ezenziwe ngayo.
- Ngokungabinayo inyani yenyukliya kumbindi wayo, ayinalo naluphi na uhlobo lomthombo wamandla. Oku kuyibangela ukuba icinezele kancinci kubunzima bayo.
Xa sihlalutya into emhlophe emhlophe ekubunjweni kwayo konke, siyabona ukuba yenziwe zii-atom ezikwi-plasma. Iiathom zinoxanduva lokukhupha kuphela amandla obushushu agciniweyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuba olu hlobo lweenkwenkwezi lunokukhanya okuthe-ethe. Xa umnyama omhlophe uphela ngokudibanisa i-hydrogen, uyanda njengee-giants ezibomvu kwaye bafaka i-helium kwi-carbon kunye ne-oxygen. Le khabhoni kunye neoksijini zisebenza kwinucleus yayo. Ngaphezulu kwazo sinokufumana umaleko wehydrogen ecekeceke kunye nehelium enika ubume kuhlobo lomoya onalo.
Ukuqulunqwa komnyama omhlophe
Makhe sibone ukuba ngawaphi amanyathelo aphambili alandelayo emva kokusekwa komntu omhlophe omhlophe. Kuyatshiwo ukuba zonke iinkwenkwezi zinamanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwaye ziphela zisifa. Kule meko, ekupheleni kwendaleko bayaguqula babe lolu hlobo lweenkwenkwezi. Ngabo basebenzise yonke i-hydrogen abanayo kwaye bayisebenzisa njengamafutha enyukliya. Ukudityaniswa okwenzeka kumbindi weenkwenkwezi kuvelisa ubushushu noxinzelelo ngokubhekisele ngaphandle. Olu xinzelelo luxanduva lokulinganisa ukubulela kumandla omxhuzulane aveliswe bubunzima beenkwenkwezi.
Nje ukuba onke amafutha e-hydrogen asetyenzisiwe, i-fusion yenyukliya iyaphela kwaye iqale ukuthoba isantya. Oku kubangela ukuba ubunzima bomxhuzulane bume. Njengenkwenkwezi iyajiya ngenxa yokuxinana ngenxa yesenzo somxhuzulane, iyayitshisa i-hydrogen kwaye iyenze maleko angaphandle enkwenkwezi andisela ngaphandle. Ke ngoko, siqala ukubona ukuba ngaphambi kokuba ibe mfana omhlophe yingxilimbela ebomvu. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, ubushushu buyanda njengoko ubushushu bomphezulu bayo buya bubanda. Nangona kunjalo, umbindi wayo uhlala ushushu.
Ezi nkwenkwezi zinoxanduva lokuguqula i-helium kwi-nucleus kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinobunzima njengekhabhoni. Emva koko bakhupha izinto ezivela kumaleko abo angaphandle kwaye benza imvulophu yegesi. Le mvulophu yegesi ithathwa njengomoya omncinci. Isiseko siyaqhubeka nokufudumeza kunye nezivumelwano zokwenza into emhlophe emhlophe.
Iindidi kunye nomnqweno
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobumhlophe obukhoyo:
- dAImibala emincinci enemigca yeBalmer kwaye ayinazinyithi zikhoyo.
- dB: kolu hlobo azikho izinyithi ezikhoyo.
- AD: banombala oqhubekayo, kwaye bambalwa okanye akukho namnye kubo onomgca obonakalayo.
- yenza: une-helium okanye i-hydrogen
- dZ: Banemigca embalwa kuphela yesinyithi.
- dQ: baneempawu zekhabhoni nokuba yi-athomu okanye iimolekyuli nakweyiphi na indawo ebonakalayo.
Phakathi kokuthandekayo kwezi nkwenkwezi sibona ukuba zixinene kakhulu nangona indawo yazo incinci kunelanga. Le mizimba inexinano yelanga efanayo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa kweenkwenkwezi, kukhutshwa into enegesi, eyaziwa njenge I-nebula yeplanethi. Apha siyabona ukuba i-stellar nucleus inobuninzi obuphezulu ngenxa yomxhuzulane.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nenomhlophe kunye neempawu zayo.