Umlambo iOrinoco

Namhlanje siza kubonisa umlambo owaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela ngokuba ngowona mlambo mkhulu eVenezuela. Imalunga nayo Umlambo iOrinoco. Kukho amabali ahlukeneyo anomdla kakhulu ngalo mlambo apho ubukho bezilo kunye nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga zibandakanyeka. Inenani elikhulu lezimbiwa, indalo kunye nobutyebi be-hydric kwaye enkosi kuyo impucuko ejikelezileyo yakwazi ukukhula.

Sichaza yonke into enxulumene noMlambo iOricono.

Indawo kunye nobude

Igama loMlambo iOrinoco livela kwelinye lezona zizwe zakudala zaseVenezuela. Isizwe esithethiweyo sele sinyamalale namhlanje ngenxa yezikhukula ezenzeke kwiminyaka edlulileyo.

Iyafumaneka, njengoko besesitshilo, eVenezuela kwiphondo elaziwa njengeAmazonas. Ininzi yale ndawo ichaphazeleka nguMlambo iGuavire, olumda weColombia. Kuthathwa njengomlambo omkhulu kwilizwe lonke. Kwinxalenye yayo yokugqibela, ihamba noMlambo iAmazon emlonyeni wayo.

Lo mlambo unamandla ubude beekhilomitha ezingama-2.140 kwaye ayithathelwa ingqalelo njengomlambo kuphela, kodwa inkqubo iyonke. Ukuba sikuthathela ingqalelo ukudibana kweGuavire, ubude bebonke ziikhilomitha ezingama-2.800. Oku kuyenza ibe yenye yemilambo emikhulu emhlabeni.

Idelta yalo inkulu kangangokuba xa yafunyanwa, kwakucingelwa ukuba lulwandle. Ubungakanani bezitya nazo zikhulu kwaye zithwala umthamo omkhulu wamanzi. Isitya se-Orinoco sinemilambo emincinci engama-436 kunye nemijelo yamanzi engama-2000 XNUMX. Le milambo iligalelo lamanzi eliza ngokwendalo kumjelo womlambo kwaye enegalelo kukonyuka kokuhamba okupheleleyo okukuhambayo. Onke amanzi ekugqibeleni angena kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantic.

Ubungakanani bebonke besinzima kunzima ukulinganisa, kodwa kuqikelelwa ukuba inokuba neekhilomitha ezingama-990.000, apho i-643.480 km2 ikummandla waseVenezuela. Ubungakanani beli bhaskiti lenza ukuba libe ngowesithathu ngobukhulu kuwo wonke uMzantsi Melika.

Ukubaluleka koMlambo iOrinoco

Isitya sibaluleke kakhulu eVenezuela, hayi ngokwembali kuphela, kodwa ikwaquka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho. Iba yenye yokuhamba okuye kwasebenza ngalo lonke eli xesha lokuhamba kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempahla ezigqithiselwe ukusetyenziswa ukusuka esixekweni ukuya esixekweni. Enkosi ngaloo nto, Kuyenzeka ukuba kwandiswe uluntu olwaluzinze lujikeleze umlambo kwaye oko kwandise inani labantu kwezi ndawo.

Kukwanokubaluleka okukhulu kwendalo kuba ineendawo ezinkulu ezineentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Ixabiso lendalo lilele kubuninzi nakwimozulu ephucukileyo enayo. Kukho imifuno emininzi esetyenziselwa ukulondolozwa kwendawo ngenxa yomtsalane wabakhenkethi. Njengoko kulindelwe, into yendalo ifumana elona xabiso liphezulu lezoqoqosho xa kunokutsalwa kuyo eminye imisebenzi yezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, iindawo ezahlukeneyo ezikhuselweyo zinemali yokungena kwaye ngaloo ndlela zifumana imali kwaye zonyusa ixabiso lazo. Ke ngoko, bebonke benza uMlambo iOrinoco unexabiso elikhulu kuyo yonke imiba.

Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, njengokuba kuvulwa umgodi ovulekileyo, iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo sele ziqalile ukuvela eziwohloka kwixabiso lokusingqongileyo. Ayisiyiyo kuphela ukungcoliseka komhlaba, ukonakaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokonakala kwamanzi, kodwa zikwa negalelo kwiziphumo zenguqu yemozulu, ethi kuloo ndawo igxininiswe ngakumbi yiPhenomenon El Niño.

Umlomo nemirhumo

Umlomo we-Orinoco wabhalwa nguChristopher Columbus ngokwakhe ngo-1498. Iilwandle zaseVenezuela zezona zibamba uninzi lomlomo womlambo. Kwenziwa idelta efikelela ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-300 zonxweme. Oku kufikelela kude kwaye uninzi lwee iiarhente zejoloji benza ukuguqula ukukhululeka okufanayo.

Umlomo usuka ePunta playa unqumle indawo esempuma uye kwingingqi yeBoca Bagre. Ngenxa yokuba bebaninzi kangaka, abahloli bamazwe bokuqala kangangokuba uColumbus wazifumana ethandabuza ukuba balufumene ulwandle olutsha. Inemijelo engaphezulu kwama-300 kunye ne-Delta enamandla eyenzayo inobungakanani be-30.000 km2.

Uhambo lwakho olupheleleyo luqala kwiAmazon yaseVenezuela nakwindawo eziphezulu kwiAmazon State. Xa ifikelela kwinqanaba elibizwa ngokuba yiLa Esmeralda ijoyina uMlambo iCasiquiare kwaye ihambe iikhilomitha ezingama-290 apho uMlambo iNegro ujoyina khona, ekwaliliso olunamandla eAmazon.

Enye yeerhafu eziphambili nguMlambo iVentuari oko kuqala uhambo oluya kwisixeko saseSan Fernando de Atabapo. Kulapho sele iqala khona ukufumana amanzi oMlambo iGuavire, okhankanywe apha ngasentla kwaye uphawula umda wendalo phakathi kweVenezuela neColombia. Eminye imirhumo eyaziwayo enegalelo kakhulu kuMlambo iOrinoco yiCaura-Merevari, iCaroní-Cuquenán, iVichada, iMeta kunye neArauca.

Ixabiso lezendalo nezoqoqosho

Kuba uninzi lweendawo zalo mlambo zixhatshazwa ngezixhobo, ithatha ukufaneleka okukhulu kwezoqoqosho nakwezendalo. Indawo yehlathi iyaxhatshazwa ngendlela yokufumana ubutyebi bezimbiwa ezinje ngentsimbi kunye nealuminium.

Iindawo zokuxhaphaza ziyafumaneka apho i-Orinoco idibana kunye nezinye izinto ezinje ngeCaroní kunye neCerro Bolívar. Kwezi ndawo kukho iidipozithi ezinkulu ezinceda ukuphucula ishishini kuloo ndawo.

Kukho umda wokukhupha ioyile kwicala lasekhohlo, kufutshane namazwe aseMonagas naseAzoátegui. Le oli isiwa kwisixeko sase-El Tigre apho isetyenziswa khona. Indlela yokuhambisa ioyile ukusuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye iyenziwa ngemibhobho yobukhulu obahlukeneyo.

Enkosi ngokungena okukhulu koMlambo iOrinoco, izixeko ezikhulu ndikwazile ukwakha iinkampani zemigodi kunye nekomkhulu lamandla ombane apho lonke ucwangciso lokuxhaphaza ezoqoqosho luphuhliswayo

Njengoko ubona, uMlambo iOrinoco ubaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela.