Umgama ukusuka eMhlabeni uye eLangeni

Kuba iyaziwa malunga neLanga kunye ne Inkqubo yesola Abantu bebesoloko befuna ukwazi umgama ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu ukuya kwinkwenkwezi esikhanyayo. Uninzi lweenkwenkwezi ziye zakwazi ukubala Umgama ukusuka eMhlabeni uye eLangeni ngokusebenzisa ezinye zezibalo kunye nokuthembela kwidatha yovavanyo.

Kweli nqaku siza kukucacisela ukuba zeziphi izazinzulu ezazingabokuqala ukufumana umgama ukusuka eMhlabeni uye eLangeni kwaye zeziphi iindlela abazenzileyo ukufezekisa oko.

Izazinzulu ezibalulekileyo

Kolu luhlu lweenzululwazi ezinokulinganisa umgama ukusuka eMhlabeni ukuya eLangeni esiwufumanayo UGiovanni Cassini. Ungowokuqala ukufumana le nto ifunwa kakhulu emva kwedatha ngokubala kunye nemilinganiselo. Kunye nogxa wakhe uJean Richer baba ngabokuqala ukuthi kukho iikhilomitha ezili-140 lezigidi ukusuka eMhlabeni kuye eLangeni.

Benza oku ngo-1672. Ukongeza koku, babekwazi ukujonga isijikelezi langa uMars Ukusuka eParis naseCayenne. Indlela abebekwazi ngayo ukulinganisa umgama ngokucacileyo yayingazami kwaphela. Akukho mntu unokufikelela kwiLanga ngemitha enye kwaye athi umgama ohanjiweyo ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu. Ukuze akwazi ukulinganisa umgama, uthathe i-parallax okanye Umahluko we-angular phakathi kokuqwalaselwa okwenziwe eParis naseCayenne. Ngale datha kunokwenzeka ukubalula ukubala okuthile ukuze ukwazi ukwazi umgama phakathi kweplanethi yethu kunye neplanethi ebomvu.

Indlela yokubala

Ndiyabulela ekubaleni komgama phakathi kwezi planethi, kunokwenzeka ukubala ukuba kuninzi kangakanani phakathi koMhlaba neNyanga. Ukuthatha njengesalathiso semilinganiselo yezinto ezisemkhathini ezazikwisijikelezi-langa, imilinganiselo ebalulekileyo inokufunyanwa. Oku kwaphuculwa embindini wenkulungwane yama-XNUMX apho kukhankanywe malunga nendlela ethembekileyo ngakumbi apho imilinganiselo inomngcipheko ophantsi wemposiso. Umgama kule meko sele ubonakalisiwe kwiiyunithi zeenkwenkwezi zamazwe aphesheya ezaziwa ngokuba yi-UAI.

Kule datha ifunyenweyo, i-Gaussian rhoqo yomxhuzulane kwafuneka yongezwe. Oku kubangele iingxaki kwizazi zeenkwenkwezi ukuze zifumane ubalo lomgama osuka eMhlabeni uye eLangeni. Indlela esetyenzisiweyo ukulinganisa umgama kwinqanaba lomlinganiselo weparallax yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Yeyona ichanekileyo kwaye inokwenziwa ngokujonga ngokuthe ngqo.

Ezona ndlela zangoku zokwenza imilinganiselo ngokuthe ngqo. Kodwa ngaphambili, ezinye iindlela ezingangqalanga kwaye hayi kangako iindlela zovavanyo kwakufuneka zifunyenwe. Ukwazi umgama ukusuka eMhlabeni uye eLangeni ngeekhilomitha, iyunithi ye-Astronomical Unit iyasetyenziswa. Eli ziko lisisiseko kwaye lisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ezinye iindlela zokuhamba kwinkqubo yethu yelanga. Kukwasetyenziselwa ukubala eminye imigama kwaye ufumane enye idatha kwezinye iinkqubo ezikude kakhulu zeenkwenkwezi.

Omnye woososayensi abakwaziyo ukubala umgama ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu ukuya eLangeni yayingumbalo wezibalo I-Eratosthenes. Le nzulu yemvelaphi yamaGrike isebenzise iifomula ezahlukeneyo eziququzelela ukubala okupheleleyo. Ngombulelo kubo wakwazi ukubala ukuba kukho iikhilomitha ezili-149 zezigidi ukusuka eMhlabeni ukuya eLangeni.

Umgama ukusuka eMhlabeni uye eLangeni awusoloko ufana

Inye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba uMhlaba awumi nkqo. Kukho ezahlukeneyo ukuhamba komhlaba phakathi kwayo leyo kukujikeleza nokuguqulela kwi-orbit ejikeleze iLanga. Asikho kumgama ofanayo ukusuka eLangeni unyaka wonke, kuba i-orbit apho uMhlaba ushukuma khona ayijikelezi, kodwa yi-elliptical.

Ukuthathela ingqalelo umgama wale orbit sinokuthi, ngoJanuwari 2, Umhlaba ukude neLanga malunga ne-147 yezigidi zeekhilomitha. Nangona kunjalo, xa Ihlobo laseSolstice kwaye inyanga kaJulayi ifika, sikumgama wezigidi ezili-152,6 zeekhilomitha. Lo mgama uyabonakala, nangona ingenguwo lo usichaphazelayo kumaqondo obushushu kunye nobungakanani bemitha efikelela kwiplanethi. Oku kungenxa yotyekelo apho imitha yelanga ingena ngaphezulu.

Njengoko imilinganiselo yeenkwenkwezi ihlala ikhulu kakhulu, ayisiyiyo eyona iqhelekileyo ukuzidibanisa neeyunithi ezinjengeekhilomitha. Ukuthetha ngezigidi zeekhilomitha yinto engafanelekanga. Imilinganiselo phakathi kwendalo yasezulwini iqhele ukwenziwa kwiCandelo le-Astronomical Unit. Iikhilomitha zisetyenziselwa ukubala ngaphakathi komhlaba okanye ukubiza umgama kwindawo ethile engaphandle apho ufuna ukubonisa umahluko kwimigama phakathi kweplanethi nangaphandle.

ICandelo leenkwenkwezi (AU) lisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umgama phakathi kweeplanethi, iminyele kunye neyunithi eyaziwa ngokuba ngunyaka wokukhanya. Iyunithi yeenkwenkwezi yimizuzu yokukhanya eyi-8,32. Ixabiso esilichazile ngaphambili le-149 yezigidi zeekhilomitha phakathi koMhlaba neLanga yinto eyenzekayo ukuze ukukhanya kufikelele eMhlabeni.

Umyinge ophakathi ukusuka eMhlabeni ukuya eLangeni

Ukwazi konke oku ngcono, siza kucacisa ukuba ngowuphi unyaka wokukhanya. Lo ngumgama ombane wokukhanya ohamba ngonyaka omnye. Ukusukela ukuba imitha yelanga ishiya kwicala leplanethi yethu, kuthatha malunga nemizuzu esi-8 kunye nemizuzwana engama-20 ukufikelela eMhlabeni. Kungenxa yokuba isantya sokukhanya ziikhilomitha ezingama-300.000 ngomzuzwana. Eli xesha lingahluka ngandlela-thile ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho umhlaba ukuyo yonke imzuzu wokuhamba kwayo kunye nokuhamba kwayo ujikeleze ilanga.

Ukufumana idatha ebalulekileyo yesayensi, umgama ukusuka eMhlabeni uye eLangeni yinto echanekileyo. Enkosi ngokwazi ezi datha, ezinye iziphumo zinokubalwa ngendlela ethe ngqo ethe ngqo. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukukhonza njengesalathiso phakathi kolunye ubalo lomgama phakathi kweenkwenkwezi.

Njengoko ubona, kwi-astronomy kuya kufuneka udlale ngamaxabiso esalathiso kuba imilinganiselo ayinakuba ngqo. Ndiyathemba ukuba ufunde ngakumbi ngomgama osuka eMhlabeni uye eLangeni.