Enye yezona ndawo zidumileyo emhlabeni yi ULwandle lweCaribbean. Eli gama lithathwe kwiiCaribs. Ngabantu bomthonyama abahlala kwinxalenye yee-Antilles ezincinci kunye noMzantsi Melika. Ulwandle lweCaribbean lunamanzi acwebezelayo kunye namanzi ashushu anika ubuhle obungaqhelekanga. Ndiyabulela kobu buhle, kujoliswe kwizigidi kunye nezigidi zabakhenkethi unyaka wonke.
Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele zonke iimpawu, ijiology kunye nokwenziwa koLwandle lweCaribbean.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Luhlobo lolwandle olwenziwa yi isitya esingaphantsi kolwandle kwaye sesolwandlekazi lweAtlantic. Ingingqi yetropiki ifunyenwe, ke inamanzi afudumeleyo. La manzi anembonakalo yekristale ebenza ukuba bafumane ubuhle obungenakubalwa. Ukuba songeza koku ukuba utyani, izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana ezijikelezileyo zikwanentabalala, yenza le ndawo ibe yiparadesi yokwenene.
Sithetha ngomzimba omkhulu wamanzi anetyiwa akummandla mpuma we-Gulf of Mexico kunye nentshona ye-Atlantic Ocean, phakathi kwe-latitude 9º kunye ne-22º North kunye ne-longitude 89º kunye ne-60º West. Phakathi kwemida yolu lwandle sifumana iindawo ezininzi. Kwelinye icala, inika umda emazantsi eColombia, eVenezuela nasePanama. Ngokubhekisele entshona, imida iCosta Rica, iNicaragua, iMexico, iHonduras neBelize. Ukuba siqhubela phambili emantla siyabona ukuba imida iCuba, iJamaica, iDominican Republic kunye nePuerto Rico kwinxalenye yayo esemantla.
Ulwandle lweCaribbean yindawo ebanzi kwaye inombala ohlaza wamanzi aluhlaza kunye namaza amancinci. Eyona nto iqhelekileyo yile ubunzulu obuqhelekileyo bujikeleze i-2.200 yeemitha. Eyona ndawo inzulu kolu lwandle yiCayman Trench, ebhalisa i-7,686 yeemitha ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle. Ukuba siyayandisa imbonakalo yommandla wonke oGutyungelwe nguLwandle lweCaribbean, sibona ukuba likhaya leziqithi, iziqithana neziqithi ezingaphezulu kwama-7.000. Uninzi lwezi ndawo luncinci kakhulu ukuba lungahlalwa ngabantu.
Ummandla wonke weCaribbean usekwe kwezopolitiko kwaye ukusukela ngo-2015 kumiselwe ukuba olu lwandle uza kuhlamba amanxweme ali-12 amazwekazi kunye ne-22 kwimimandla yesiqithi. Lo mmandla wonke uyaziwa namhlanje ngegama lommandla weCaribbean. Kuzo zonke iziqithi, iCuba yeyona inkulu ngelixa iAnguilla incinci.
Ulwandle lweCaribbean
Ukuba sibala ulwandiso olupheleleyo loLwandle lweCaribbean, sifumana indawo eyi-2.7 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ezizikwere. Lo mgangatho uyenza ibe lolona lwandle lukhulu emhlabeni. Kuya kufuneka uyazi indlela yokwahlula phakathi kolwandle nolwandle. Umthombo wolwandle ubuncinci kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ithathwa njengenye yezona zikhulu emhlabeni.
Phakathi kwezinto zayo ezibonakalayo, ezekhemikhali kunye nezomatshini sifumanisa ukuba lulwandle olufanayo. Ityuwa yawo ayiphezulu kakhulu kodwa iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kakhulu. Banamaxabiso aphakathi kwetyuwa e-3.6%, Ngelixa iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi ngama-27 degrees kwaye aluhlali ngokwahluka ngaphezulu kweedigri ezi-3 unyaka wonke. Kwiinyanga zasebusika, amaxabiso aphezulu osawoti arekhodwa. Kungenxa yokuba iqondo lobushushu liyehla kwaye amanzi avumela ukunyibilika okuncinci. Kungenxa yoko le nto uxinzelelo lweetyiwa lonyuka. Ngokuchasene noko, ixesha eliqala ngoJuni ukuya kuDisemba, ngeli xesha lonyaka lelona linetyiwa ephantsi.
Enye yeengxaki zolu lwandle kukuba luhlala luhlaselwa ziinkanyamba. Nangona inobuhle obungenakulinganiswa namanzi ayo acwecwe yikristale kunye noxinano lwayo lwezinto eziphilayo, ayigcinwanga kwinkanyamba. Ukuba kwingingqi yetropiki, kuhlala kuneengxaki ezinkulu ngotshintsho kubushushu nakwimida. Ngokomndilili, zijikeleze i-9 zetropiki zenzekile ezichaphazela uLwandle lweCaribbean kwaye ezinokuba ziinkanyamba. Ayizizo zonke iinkqwithela zaseTropiki eziba ziinkanyamba, kodwa ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu, oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kuyanda iminyaka. Ayisiyiyo kuphela into yokuba ithuba lenkanyamba liyonyuka, kodwa kunjalo nangamandla alo.
Ukuyilwa koLwandle lweCaribbean
Okwangoku eli qula lamanzi likwiCaribbean. Le plate ye-tectonic yile yona emida kumacwecwe aseMntla Melika nase Mzantsi Melika, iipleyiti zeNazca kunye neepleyiti zeCocos. Izazinzulu ziye zafunda ngemvelaphi yolwandle kwaye bafumanisa ukuba kucingelwa ukuba inesigidi se-180 seminyaka ubudala. Kungenxa yexesha le-Devoni ukuba isitya esele sikhona esele sibizwa ngokuba yiProtocaribe. Kulapha ke ukuba olu lwandle lwaqala ukubakho ngenxa yokwahlulahlula ilizwekazi elikhulu ngelo xesha elalilawula iplanethi egama linguPangea.
Ngenxa yokuba iPangea yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini phantsi kwegama likaLaurasia noGondwana, i Ukuhamba kwelizwekazi waqala ukwenza. Ngentshukumo wazama ukugcina imali emantla kunye nendlela yakhe eLaurasia kwi Ixesha leCarboniferous ubungakanani bolwandle bancitshiswa ngokuphawulekayo. Nangona kunjalo, kamva, ngexesha le Ixesha leTriassic, abantu baqala ukubandezeleka kunye nokuqhekeka okwazileyo ukuvula imihlaba emitsha. Kwakusele ku Ixesha leJurassic apho iGulf yaseMexico yaqala ukukhula njengoko isenza namhlanje. Ezinye iintanda zavela ngexesha leJurassic zaza zagcwalisa izitya zamanzi kwindawo esemazantsi.
Kwizigidi zeminyaka uLwandle lweCaribbean lwenyuse umthamo wamanzi kwaye sele ekwi Ukuthintela ifumene imilo efana nanamhlanje. Oku kwenzeka kwiminyaka engama-85 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Ngenxa yokuhamba kwamacwecwe etektoni, isahlulo se-oceanic crust, phakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-21 yeekhilomitha ubukhulu, safudukela kwiCaribbean Basin. Nanamhlanje oku kuqhekeka kolwandlekazi kuhlala kulwandle.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga noLwandle lweCaribbean kunye neempawu zalo.