Kwiplanethi yethu sifumana izinto ezisothusa kancinci. Enye yazo yi Ulwandle iSargasso. Lulwandle olungahlambi manxweme alo naliphi na ilizwe. Oko kukuthi, sithetha ngolwandle olungenonxweme. Yahlukile kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ikummandla woLwandlekazi lweAtlantic. Igama layo libangelwa kukuba ligcina ubuninzi be-algae yohlobo lweSarcassum. Ezi ndawo zinokubonwa ngokuhamba rhoqo okuhambelana nomphezulu wamanzi.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu kunye nezinto ezibonisa umdla kulwandle lweSargasso. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nolwandle oluhlukileyo kolunye, le yiposti yakho.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Olu hlobo lolwandle lube ne-oval, elliptical shape. Ifumaneka kumantla oLwandlekazi lweAtlantic. Inxalenye yasentshona ibizwa ngokuba yi-Gulf Stream nakwimpuma yemisinga yeCanary Islands. Inobukhulu bezigidi ezi-5.2 zeekhilomitha, ziikhilomitha ezili-1.107 ububanzi neekhilomitha ezingama-3.200 ubude. Ekuphela kwesiqwenga somhlaba esikhoyo embindini wolu lwandle sisiqithi seBermuda.
Iphawuleka ngokuba lulwandle apho kungekho kunqanqaza lwaselwandle. Oko kukuthi, kuthathwa njengolwandle oluzolileyo. Ijikelezwe yimisinga yolwandle ephuma emantla iye emazantsi nasempuma iye entshona. Ayinayo imvula eninzi kakhulu kwaye, ke ngoko, inelinye lawona manqanaba aphezulu etyuwa kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantic lonke. Ukuba imvula ayiwahlaziyi amanzi olwandle ngamanzi amatsha, inqanaba letyuwa liza kunyuka liye kufikelela kuLwandle lweSargasso.
Imimoya enobulali kunye namanzi afudumeleyo kwaye acocekileyo ayarekhodwa ngokuqhubekayo. NguGulf Stream othintela amanzi ashushu ukuba angene kuLwandle lweSargasso kwaye amanzi abandayo aphuphume kwimida yawo. Inobunzulu obuguqukayo Isusela kwi-1.500 yeemitha ubunzulu kwiindawo ezingaphezulu kweminyaka kwaye kwezinye iindawo ifikelela kwiimitha ezingama-7.000.
Olu lwandle lwafunyanwa kude ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Uhlolisiso olwahlukeneyo lwamaPhuthukezi zezo zenze ukuba laziwe lonke icandelo loMntla weAtlantic kwaye lafumana iziqithi zeAzores. Umntu wokuqala ukukhankanya le ndawo yayinguChristopher Columbus. Wadlula kuyo ngexesha lokuhamba kwakhe okwamkhokelela ekufumaneni ilizwekazi laseMelika.
Ukuyilwa koLwandle lweSargasso
Ngenxa yokuba iyinxalenye yolwandlekazi lweAtlantic, olu lwandle lunxulunyaniswa nokwenziwa kwalo. Imvelaphi yayo iya kuvela kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zejoloji ezenzeke kuqweqwe lwelwandle iTetys. Olu lwandle lwenziwa ngoqhekeko kwilizwekazi eliphambili elibizwa ngokuba yiPangea. Siyakhumbula ukuba ngokwe ipleyiti yetectonics ithiyori onke amazwekazi abumba umhlaba omkhulu obizwa ngokuba yiPangea. Ukuqala Ukuhanjiswa kwemisinga ukusuka kwisambatho sasemhlabeni amacwecwe eteknoloji anokuqalisa ukushukuma kwaye anike ulwandle kunye neelwandle ezahlukeneyo esizaziyo namhlanje.
Oku kutya kukutya okukuPangea phakathi kwento ngoku eyaziwa njenge North America kunye ne Afrika kuko okubangele ukuba kuvuleke isithuba esiwakhupha onke amanzi aseTethys kwaye sakha yonke indawo esemantla oLwandlekazi lweAtlantic. Imvelaphi yoLwandle lwaseSargasso inendawo yayo kwiminyaka ezizigidi ezili-100 eyadlulayo.
Ukuqhekeka okulandelayo kweGondwana ngexesha le-Middle Cretaceous kwavula i-South Atlantic kwaye ulwandle lonke lwakhula ngexesha leminyaka ICenozoic. Emazantsi eziqithi sibona ukuba amanzi ayavela athe achaphazeleka kwintaba-mlilo yolwandle.
Ngokwenyani olu lwandle lunobulungisa I-gyre ye-anticyclonic kumantla embindi woLwandlekazi lweAtlantic ehamba kwicala elihamba ngokwewotshi. Olu tshintsho lunemvelaphi yalo njengemveliso yayo yonke imisinga yolwandle ejikeleze uLwandle lweSargasso.
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuLwandle lweSargasso
Njengoko ineempawu ezizodwa ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nolwandle luphela, ine-biodiversity eyahlukileyo. Olu lwandle lunetyuwa eninzi kwaye amanqanaba asezantsi ezondlo. Ezi meko zokusingqongileyo zithetha ukuba iplankton ayinakukhula ngobuninzi. Siyakhumbula ukuba iplankton yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kubomi bezinto eziphilayo kunye nokutya kwikhonkco lolwandle. Siyabulela oku kwizondlo ezininzi iintlobo zinokuphila.
Inyaniso yokuba iplankton ayikho kuthetha ukuba akukho ntlukwano yeentlanzi zezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana. Ngesi sizathu, uLwandle lweSargasso lwaziwa njengentlango yendalo yaselwandle. Yintoni eyanda ngokugqibeleleyo yi-sargassum, kulapho igama layo livela khona. Ezi zizinto zokudada ezihleli zihlala ngokusisigxina kwindalo, ngakumbi kwinxalenye esemantla. Ezi algae zivusa umdla omkhulu phakathi kwe-biologists.
I-Sargasso yenza ii-patches ezinkulu apho sinokuzifumana zidada ngaphezulu kwaye, ngenxa yempembelelo yemisinga ejikeleza kwicala lewotshi, siyabona ukuba izixhobo zigxile embindini. Oku kungenxa yazo eyabo i-bladders egcwele igesi. Ezi ndawo zigcinwa kwisargassum zenza ngaphezulu kwe-60 yeendidi zezinto eziphilayo, Phakathi kwazo kukho oononkala abancinci kunye nentlanzi ezinje nge-bluefin tuna.
Ngenxa yeemeko ezithile ezenziwa lolu lwandle ngokubhekisele kwamanye amanzi oLwandlekazi lweAtlantic, iintlobo ezili-10 ezikhoyo zikhula kwaye zihlala phakathi kwamahlathi algae adadayo. Phakathi kwezi ntlobo zingapheliyo sinezinto zilandelayo: unonkala Izicwangciso zemizuzu, imbaza Ixesha lesiphelo, iintlanzi I-Syngnathus pelagicus, i-anemone I-Anemonia sargassensisImollusk ISyllaea pelagica, inkumba Melanostoma lithiopa, kwinto I-Sunampithoe pelagica y Biancolina ubheduacephala y IHoploplana grubei, umbungu.
Ngaphandle kwezi ntlobo zingapheliyo sinokubona ezinye iintlobo ezili-145 zezilwanyana ezingenamqolo ezihlala kumanyano lwe-sargasso.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga noLwandle lwaseSargasso kunye nezinto zalo ezibonisa umdla.