Imozulu iyatshintsha ukutyhubela iminyaka, ke, emva kwamashumi, kunjalo nangemozulu. Uphando olwenziwe yiSpanish nesiFrentshi lujolise kuphando lwemvula ngesichotho esibhaliswe emazantsi eFrance kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo.
Uphononongo lupapashwe kwiphephancwadi loPhando lweAtmospheric kunye ufunde iingxelo zesichotho ukusukela ngo-1948 ukuya ku-2015. Ufumene ziphi iziphumo kwaye zibaluleke kangakanani?
Isichotho imvula
Olu phononongo lujonga indaleko ejikeleze imeko-bume yendawo ethanda ukwanda kwale meko yemozulu, kodwa abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ezinye izinto zinokuyinciphisa kwaye zibangele ukuba ziyanda rhoqo. esona sichotho sikhulu, ngelixa isichotho esibuthathaka sincipha.
Ngenxa yokuba iimeko zemozulu ezenza isichotho azizinzanga kwaye zingaqhelekanga kwisithuba kunye nexesha, kunzima kakhulu ukuba nesiseko sedatha esipheleleyo ukuze sikwazi ukufunda ngendaleko kunye neendlela ezihamba ngayo.
Olu phononongo lwenziwe ngu Iqela lePhysics yeAtmospheric yeZiko lezeNdalo kwiYunivesithi yaseLeón, jKunye neYunivesithi yeComplutense yaseMadrid naseAnfafa, iziko lophando eTououse.
Ngesi sizathu sikhankanywe apha ngasentla, uphononongo lujolise kwimimandla yaseFrance apho kukho idatha eqhubekayo nengaphazanyiswanga ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25. I-Anelfa inezikhululo ezingaphezu kwe-1.000 XNUMX ezilinganisa isichotho. . Ukusuka apho, ubuchwephesha beenkcukacha manani ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizifundo zemozulu zazisetyenziselwa ukubala imikhwa.
Iirekhodi kunye nedatha
Kwingingqi yePyrenees ukuphindaphindeka kwesichotho kuye kwanda kule minyaka ingama-25 idlulileyo, kuxhomekeke kwiindawo ezihlalutyiweyo. Le mihla ayinakudluliselwa kwezinye iingingqi ezikufuphi Kuba iimeko zokwakheka kwesichotho aziqhelekanga. Ukuba bekunemvula ngohlobo lwemvula, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwazi ulawulo lwemvula kwimimandla ekufutshane naleyo ihlaziyiweyo.
Kwilinge lokufikelela kwisigqibo esomeleleyo nesinokubakho, ngenxa yokuba iSpain ayinayo idatha eqhubekayo okanye iirekhodi zesichotho, eyona nto ifunwayo kukufumana ubudlelwane phakathi kwamabala asemoyeni kunye nokuwa kwesichotho.
Ngale ndlela, uphononongo luye lwahlalutya imeko ezikuyo iimeko zomoya ojikeleze umhlaba xa zithambekele ngakumbi kwaye zithandeka kwinkangeleko yesichotho. Uphawu lweziphumo Umkhwa obalulekileyo kule minyaka ingama-60 idlulileyo ubhekisa kwimeko entle ngakumbi ngenxa yesichotho esiza kubakho.
Nangona kunjalo, le meko ayifanelanga kutolikwa njengokwanda kwesantya sesichotho esibhalisiweyo emhlabeni, kuba zininzi izinto ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo, njengokunyibilika kwesichotho ekwindla kwalo. Uninzi lweziganeko zemvula ezinje ngesichotho azipheleli ukufikelela emhlabeni kuba zibuyela kwimeko yolwelo ngaphambi kokuba ziwele emhlabeni.
Ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi, ezona ndawo zintle kakhulu kunye neemeko zesichotho ezinokwenzeka zenzeka rhoqo ngokwanda. Nangona kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngobushushu behlabathi, inqanaba lekhephu kunye nokuqandisa kuya kusanda ngokunyuka. Obu bude baziwa njenge-isozero, oko kukuthi, ukuphakama apho kufumaneka khona iqondo lobushushu le-zero degrees celcius kwaye apho isichotho siqala ukunyibilika.
Oku kuvelisa inani elikhulu lezaqhwithi kunye nesichotho esinokubakho, kodwa kuninzi lwazo isichotho ekugqibeleni siyanyibilika ngaphambi kokufika emhlabeni kwaye kuphela ezona zivunguvungu zinzima nesona sichotho sikhulu ekugqibeleni sifikelela kumphezulu.
Isichotho kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi
Ukungaqiniseki kokuphindaphindeka kwesichotho kunzima ukukuguqulela kwimeko yokufudumala kwehlabathi, kuba kunzima ukuqikelela imeko ethembekileyo kule meko kunye neemodeli.
Kwindawo efudumeleyo kukho amandla amaninzi kwindibano enzulu enokubakho, ethanda ukubonakala kwezaqhwithi kunye nesichotho esinokubakho, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ukwanda kwinqanaba le-isozero kulithanda ukwenzeka kwalo. ukunyibilika kwesichotho kwenza ukuba kungabikho lula ukufikelela emhlabeni. Kunzima ukwazi ukuba zeziphi kwezi ziganeko zibini ezinefuthe kwisichotho.