La Ukudakumba eGuadalquivir, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-Baetic Depression, yingozi yejografi emazantsi eSpain. Eli lithafa elingunxantathu elinobude obuziikhilomitha ezingama-330. Ifikelela kububanzi obuziikhilomitha ezingama-200 kwaye icuthe njengoko isiya ngasempuma. Udakumba luhamba ecaleni kweCastilian Plateau kwaye luvulekela kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki, apho umlambo iGuadalquivir uhamba khona.
Kweli nqaku siza kuxela zonke iimpawu, ijografi kunye nesiqabu soxinzelelo lwe-Guadalquivir.
Iimpawu eziphambili
IGuadalquivir Depression ikwiAndalusia, eSpain, kwaye yeyona ndawo isemazantsi elizwe, emi kumazantsi ePeninsula yase-Iberia. Iiyunithi zayo zejoloji kunye ne-morphological nazo zonke izinto zayo zendalo (ithografi, i-topography, izityalo, izilwanyana, njl.) Batyhutyha amaphondo amahlanu eJaén, eCórdoba, eCádiz, eHuelva naseSeville. Ngaphakathi kukho indawo ekhuselweyo, yaye yiDoñana National Park.
Awona manzi omlambo abalulekileyo ahamba kweli thafa yiGuadalquivir. Kwinxalenye yayo yokugqibela, imigxobhozo yegama elifanayo ibonakala, ezaliswe yisenzo somlambo kwizikhukula kunye namaza oLwandle lweAtlantiki.
Uxinezeleko ludalwe yiSierra de Bética ukuya emantla, uLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki ukuya emazantsi, iSierra de Penibética ngasempuma nakumazantsi-mpuma, kunye neSierra Morena eyahlula kwithafa ukuya ngasentshona. Ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-600 zeentaba zealpine zahlula uxinezeleko lwaseGuadalquivir kunxweme lweMeditera.
Icandelo lePenibético lelona lingaphandle xa lithelekiswa necandelo langaphakathi okanye le-Subbético. Kukho iSierra Nevada, phakathi kwazo iintaba, apho iPico Veleta, kwi-3392 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, kunye neMulhacén, kwi-3478 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, zezona ndawo ziphakamileyo kwiPeninsula yonke.
Imvelaphi yoxinzelelo lwe-Guadalquivir
Kufunyaniswe ukuba iGuadalquivir Depression yavela kwiMiocene. Isuka kumsele owaqala ngokutshona kwentlenga yaselwandle weMfundo ePhakamileyo obangelwa ziintshukumo zeentaba. Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni eli thafa libonisa i-reliefs, iifom zazo zibonisa ukuguqulwa okuthambileyo.
Ukongeza, ukubunjwa kokudakumba kuhambelana nokugoba kweSierra Subbética, ebonisa ukuba yayinenkqubo yokunyusa. Oko kukuthi, kuxinzelelo lwe-Guadalquivir i-moat yawa, yadala umjelo, umjelo, apho uLwandle lweAtlantiki kunye noLwandle lweMeditera lwalunxibelelana. Nangona kunjalo, ukubekwa kweNtlambo yaseGuadalquivir akuzange kuqale de kuphele iMfundo ePhakamileyo. Eli livalwe emantla; okukhokelela ekusasazweni kunye nokwabiwa ngokutsha kwamanzi awayenkcenkceshela indawo.
Ke ngoko, olu tshintsho, olungazange lwenzeke de iPliocene, lukhuphe amanzi olwandle kuxinzelelo. Iintaba zeBetic ezikhulayo zenze unxweme olutsha apho umlomo weGuadalquivir uvela khona. Ngenxa yobukho rhoqo bamanzi emilambo, imbonakalo yomhlaba eyaba nesiphumo ibe nokhukuliseko oluqhubekayo. Le nkqubo yawutshabalalisa lo mhlaba ukhankanywe ngentla apha, wavula indawo efumeme kakhulu ngezityalo.
Ekugqibeleni, imigxobhozo ibonakala kwinqanaba lokugqibela loxinzelelo lwe-Guadalquivir. Ukuphuphuma kwamanzi rhoqo komlambo kuvumela iidiphozithi ze-alluvial ukuba zifakwe ngexesha lemvula, apho izinto zitsalwa ukudala amathafa kunye namathafa anenkunkuma yomhlaba. Uninzi lwezi zixhobo zithambile, nangona ubunzima bazo bunokuguquguquka, njengoko kungqinwa ngumahluko we-topographical kumhlaba.
Topography
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, Ukudakumba kweGuadalquivir kuziikhilomitha ezingama-30 ubude nama-200 eekhilomitha ububanzi, kwaye iba ncinane njengoko usiya ngasempuma. Ukongeza, ngokuphakama okuphakathi kweemitha ezili-150, kubonwa iindawo ezinqabileyo ezimbalwa kulo lonke ithafa kwaye phantse akukho zintaba zibonwa kwiinduli ezikufutshane neChiclana, Jerez, Montilla kunye neCarmona. Amatye ekalika okanye iimolasi nazo zinehorizon enzima.
Nangona kunjalo, ayisiyiyo indawo ethe tyaba elawula iGuadalquivir Depression, kodwa ziinduli ezithambileyo. Kukho iintlambo ezityebileyo zemilambo ejikelezwe ngamathambeka anobukhulu obahlukeneyo, nangona umthetho jikelele kukuba xa usiya phambili kwiGuadalquivir, intlambo iba banzi, de indawo esentshona ithe tyaba kwaye kufunyanwe imigxobhozo. Ukongeza, iGuadalquivir Depression yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amane. Nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa ze-morphological kunye ne-geological.
IiMarshes kunye nonxweme loxinzelelo lwe-Guadalquivir
Iidaka zilawula umhlaba, ezigubungela 2.000 square kilometers, kodwa bebehlehla njengamanzi olwandle angena kwindawo ngemijelo namachweba.
Ngokwenxalenye yalo, unxweme luguquguquka kakhulu, luneendawo zalo eziphawulwe ngamatolo aselunxwemeni kunye neentambo zeendunduma, eziphenjelelwa ngokuthe ngqo yimisinga yoLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki. Kwakhona, izixhobo zejoloji zihlala zithambile kwaye zichumile, njengegrabile, intlenga, isanti, kunye nodongwe.
Olu lungelelwaniso lobume bendawo lwenza indawo enkulu yentlambo yoxinzelelo lwe-Guadalquivir ilungele ezolimo. Kukho izityalo zemifuno, iisiriyeli, imithi yomnquma nemithi yeziqhamo. Ke ngoko, le ndawo yaseSpain ibaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho lwelizwe njengoko uninzi lokutya kwayo kuvela apho.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukudakumba kweGuadalquivir ayinakuchazwa ngokupheleleyo njengethafa elinamathafa amaninzi, ekubeni oku kuya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Nangona liyinyaniso elokuba ezi zakhiwo zinemifanekiso azikho mphakamo, kukwakho neenduli neentaba ezinikela ubungqina bokuhamba kwexesha. Ngamanye amaxesha, umlinganiselo wamanzi eGuadalquivir uba phezulu kakhulu yaye, njengoko ukhukulisa umhlaba, ugrumba ukwenza amathafa neentlambo.
Ukuthelekisa kunye nokudakumba kwe-Ebro
Uxinzelelo lwe-Ebro yintlambo ekumntla-mpuma weSpain. Umlambo i-Ebro uyawuwela. Ithelekiswa noxinzelelo lwe-Guadalquivir ngokubaluleka kunye nomlingiswa, kwaye kufanelekile, kuba babelana ngezinto ezininzi, nangona kuphela ezona zibalaseleyo zinokukhankanywa.
Ngaphandle kokuba mkhulu, zombini ukudakumba kunokwakheka kukanxantathu, kugqunywe yintlenga ekwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye nokunkcenkceshela okuntsonkothileyo ngamanzi omlambo. Kwakhona kongezwa kolu luhlu lufutshane lokufana kukuphakama okuphantsi kwe-depressions, ukufaneleka kwabo kwiSpanishi, singasathethi kwakudala okubonakalayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukudakumba kwe-Guadalquivir kunye ne-Ebro zikwabonise ubungakanani obungabalekiyo kunye nomgangatho owahlukileyo. Ngenxa yokuba zigcina ixesha kwaye zichanekile, azihambelani apha, ngoko ke zintathu kuphela ezithathwa njengezibalulekileyo: iminyaka yejoloji, uhlobo lokuzaliswa kunye ne-topography yentlambo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga noxinzelelo lwe-Guadalquivir kunye neempawu zalo.