UNicolas Steno

IJografi ineenzululwazi ezininzi ezikwazileyo ukufumanisa izinto ezothusayo eziye zatshintsha indlela esilibona ngayo ilizwe lethu. Enye yezi nzululwazi yayinjalo UNicolas Steno. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ufunde i-geology kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo uyakube uve ngale ndoda. Le ndoda yokwenene Renaissance, ngubani wakwazi ukucacisa izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo malunga neentlanzi kunye nokwakheka komhlaba iplanethi yethu.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela i-biografi kaNicolás Steno ebalaselisa ezona zinto zibalulekileyo azenzayo kunye nokuchaza ulwazi awalufaka kwi-geology.

Ukuqala kwayo

Le ndoda yayihlala ihlala kufutshane nabantu ababekhathalele uqeqesho olungaphezulu kwesinye. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa umntu efunda, ugxila ngqo kwisebe ukuze abe yingcali kwaye andise ulwazi malunga nalo. Kule meko, bobabini uSteno kunye nabantu awayexhomisana nabo mihla le batsalela ingqalelo yakhe kumacandelo ohlukeneyo ahlukeneyo.

USteno akazange afunde kwi-geology kuphela, kodwa nakwiyeza, unyango lwamazinyo, ukufundwa kwezilwanyana zasendulo, ookrebe, njl. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kumaxesha amandulo kwakulula ukufunda amasebe ahlukeneyo kuba ulwazi oluninzi lwalungekho. Namhlanje ngekhe ube yingcali iyonke okanye kwisebe elinye, ungadinga ubomi obuninzi ukuze ukwazi ukufunda yonke into ekhoyo malunga neenkalo ezininzi ngaxeshanye.

Nangona kunjalo, nangona namhlanje ungenakufunda uqeqesho oluninzi ngaxeshanye ngokunzulu, unokukhokelwa ngumnqweno wokufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nezinye izinto ezingezizo ezobungcali bakho kwaye ukwazi ukuzikhusela kuwo onke amabakala. Ngumnqweno owandenza ndafumanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo kwijoloji.

Ibali likaNicolás Steno liqala eFlorence. Apha wayengugqirha kwaye wazinza kwindawo ethile emva kweminyaka eliqela yokufunda amayeza kulo lonke elaseNtshona Yurophu. Wayephanda iimilo zezihlunu kwaye wafumanisa i-gland eyayingaziwa kude kube ngoko. Eli dlala kwintloko yezilwanyana ezanyisayo labizwa ngokuba yi "ductus stenonianus" emva kwegama lalo.

Imozulu eFlorence

Ngelo xesha, uSteno wathuthela eFlorence ngo-1665 ukuze akwazi ukujoyina iGrand Duke yaseTuscany kwaye ngenxa yoko adibanise into ebizwa ngokuba yi "Cabinet of curiosities." Kwakumalunga nokugcwalisa igumbi elipheleleyo ngezinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo ezinje ngengqokelela kunye nezinye izinto. Ingathi kunjalo umboniso omncinci wecarnival kunye nendalo okanye igumbi lokuqokelela isebe laseyunivesithi.

USteno uqhubeke nokulebhelisha kwaye wachonga iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana, izityalo kunye neeminerali zazo zonke iintlobo. Sele kunye neeminerali, waqala ukuba nolwazi malunga nokwakheka komhlaba, kuba ukuqonda kwakhe kwakuphuhliswa.

Ngo-1666, abanye abalobi bakwazi, emva komzamo omkhulu, ukubamba ukrebe omkhulu omhlophe. Emva kokuyihluza ukuze ikwazi ukuyihambisa ngcono, intloko yagcinwa nguNicolás Steno ukuyifunda nzulu. Ngokufunda kunye nophando entlokweni kakhaka, uSteno wakuqonda oko bekukho izinto ezinamatye ezibizwa ngokuba yi-glossopetrae ezafunyanwa ematyeni athile.

Abanye abaphengululi babecinga ukuba la matye awile esibhakabhakeni okanye nasenyangeni. Abanye babecinga ukuba iifosili zikhula ngokwendalo ematyeni kwaye zikhule ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ngcamango zazingavakali kwisazinzulu sethu. Wayecinga ukuba i-glossopetrae ibonakala ngathi ngamazinyo okrebe kuba ayenjalo kwaye injalo.Babebekwa ematyeni xa babesele begqunyiwe lulwandle.

UNicolás Steno njengoyise weGeology

Emva phayaa, le Steno icetywayo yayiyimbono engacacanga kwaphela. Kungenzeka njani ukuba iliwa lingaphambi kolwandle? Ukuba amathambo akudala ayengamathambo, ayenokugcinwa njani ngendlela efanayo elityeni? Ukuqina okufana nezinyo likakrebe kwakungadibani ngokulula nelitye elomeleleyo.

Ezi zifundo zimthathe iminyaka emithathu kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba zonke iintlobo zamatye kwafuneka zenziwe ngu inkqubo yokuqinisa kwaye yenzeka ngeenxa zonke okanye ngaphezulu kweefosili. Oko kukuthi, iliwa elitsha ligubungela ilitye elidala, ngoko ke kufuneka kubekho iileyili okanye i-strata emhlabeni jikelele.

Yile ndlela le ngcamango kaNicolás Steno enegalelo ngayo kwinkcazo esisiseko yejoloji. Olona luhlu lubonakala ngaphezulu lolwanamhlanje kunolona lunzulu. Okukhona umba kwaye ubunzulu ubunjalo, ubudala belitye budala. Oku kungenxa yokuba amanye amacala ahamba ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye neediphozithi zoluhlu olutsha kunye nokuqiniswa kwazo okulandelayo.

Ndiyabulela kule ngcinga, amaxesha ahlukeneyo kubudala boMhlaba anokubonwa. Le ndlela inokuvumela oososayensi ukuba benze izigqibo malunga nexesha elidlulileyo ngokujonga ukuba amatye amadala ayesekwe kubunzulu bunjani. Inkqubela phambili enikwe nguNicolás Steno Uluhlu lubaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni uluntu lwakudala, iidinosaurs, kunye notshintsho kwimozulu Eziye zabakho ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo embali yoMhlaba.

Imigaqo yeSteno

Ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, uSteno wancama ubomi bakhe bonke enikezelwe kwisayensi ukuba angene kwinkolo. Wabekwa njengobhishophu ngonyaka we-1677 kunye nommeli wabapostile kumantla eJamani naseScandinavia.

Nangona kunjalo, wasishiya nemigaqo-geology onokukwazi ngayo okuninzi malunga noMhlaba.

• Umgaqo wokulinganisa wokuqala. Umtya wenziwa ngokuthe tye. Zonke izinto ezinxaxhileyo emva koko zibangelwe kukuphazamiseka kwiliwa.
• Umgaqo wokufana kweenkqubo. Ibonisa ukuba iinkqubo zejoloji ezenzeka kwixesha elidlulileyo zinesantya esifanayo kwaye zenzeke ngendlela efanayo nanamhlanje.
• Umgaqo wokuqhubeka osecaleni. Umtya wandisa kuwo onke amacala ukuya kwiindawo zokufaka.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lukunceda ukuba wazi ngakumbi ngoNicolás Steno, utata weGeology.